Na podlagi druge alinee prvega odstavka 107. člena in prvega odstavka 91. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije izdajam
U K A Z
O RAZGLASITVI ZAKONA O RATIFIKACIJI KONVENCIJE MED REPUBLIKO SLOVENIJO IN ROMUNIJO O IZOGIBANJU DVOJNEGA OBDAVČEVANJA IN PREPREČEVANJU DAVČNIH UTAJ V ZVEZI Z DAVKI OD DOHODKA IN PREMOŽENJA (BRODOU)
Razglašam Zakon o ratifikaciji Konvencije med Republiko Slovenijo in Romunijo o izogibanju dvojnega obdavčevanja in preprečevanju davčnih utaj v zvezi z davki od dohodka in premoženja (BRODOU), ki ga je sprejel Državni zbor Republike Slovenije na seji 25. oktobra 2002.
Št. 001-22-139/02
Ljubljana, 5. novembra 2002
Predsednik
Republike Slovenije
Milan Kučan l. r.
Z A K O N
O RATIFIKACIJI KONVENCIJE MED REPUBLIKO SLOVENIJO IN ROMUNIJO O IZOGIBANJU DVOJNEGA OBDAVČEVANJA IN PREPREČEVANJU DAVČNIH UTAJ V ZVEZI Z DAVKI OD DOHODKA IN PREMOŽENJA (BRODOU)
1. člen
Ratificira se Konvencija med Republiko Slovenijo in Romunijo o izogibanju dvojnega obdavčevanja in preprečevanju davčnih utaj v zvezi z davki od dohodka in premoženja, podpisana v Bukarešti 8. julija 2002.
2. člen
Konvencija se v izvirniku v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku glasi:*
K O N V E C I J A
MED REPUBLIKO SLOVENIJO IN ROMUNIJO O IZOGIBANJU DVOJNEGA OBDAVČEVANJA IN PREPREČEVANJU DAVČNIH UTAJ V ZVEZI Z DAVKI OD DOHODKA IN PREMOŽENJA
Republika Slovenija in Romunija sta se v želji, da bi sklenili konvencijo o izogibanju dvojnega obdavčevanja in preprečevanju davčnih utaj v zvezi z davki od dohodka in premoženja,
sporazumeli, kot sledi:
1. člen
OSEBE, ZA KATERE SE UPORABLJA KONVENCIJA
Ta konvencija se uporablja za osebe, ki so rezidenti ene ali obeh držav pogodbenic.
2. člen
DAVKI, ZA KATERE SE UPORABLJA KONVENCIJA
1) Ta konvencija se uporablja za davke od dohodka in premoženja, ki se uvedejo v imenu države pogodbenice ali njenih političnih enot ali lokalnih oblasti (v primeru Slovenije) ali njenih lokalnih oblasti ali upravnoozemeljskih enot (v primeru Romunije), ne glede na način njihove uvedbe.
2) Za davke od dohodka in premoženja se štejejo vsi davki, uvedeni na celoten dohodek, celotno premoženje ali na sestavine dohodka ali premoženja, vključno z davki od dobička iz odtujitve premičnin ali nepremičnin ter davki na zvišanje vrednosti premoženja.
3) Obstoječi davki, za katere se uporablja konvencija, so zlasti:
a) za Slovenijo:
i) davek od dobička pravnih oseb;
ii) davek od dohodka posameznikov, vključno z dohodkom iz zaposlitve, dohodkom iz kmetijskih dejavnosti, dohodkom iz poslovanja, kapitalskimi dobički in dohodkom iz nepremičnin in premičnin;
iii) davek od premoženja
(v nadaljevanju “slovenski davek”);
b) za Romunijo:
i) davek od dohodka;
ii) davek od dobička;
iii) davek od dohodka iz kmetijskih dejavnosti;
iv) davek od premoženja
(v nadaljevanju “romunski davek”).
4) Konvencija se uporablja tudi za kakršne koli enake ali vsebinsko podobne davke, ki se uvedejo po datumu podpisa konvencije dodatno k obstoječim davkom ali namesto njih. Na koncu vsakega leta pristojna organa držav pogodbenic drug drugega uradno obvestita o kakršnih koli spremembah njunih davčnih zakonodaj.
3. člen
SPLOŠNA OPREDELITEV IZRAZOV
1) Za namene te konvencije, razen če sobesedilo zahteva drugače:
a) izraz “Slovenija” pomeni Republiko Slovenijo, in ko se uporablja v zemljepisnem smislu, ozemlje Republike Slovenije, vključno s teritorialnim morjem, morskim dnom in podzemljem ob teritorialnem morju, če Slovenija lahko nad takim teritorialnim morjem, morskim dnom in podzemljem izvaja svoje suverene pravice in jurisdikcijo v skladu s svojo notranjo zakonodajo in mednarodnim pravom;
b) izraz “Romunija” pomeni državno ozemlje Romunije, vključno z njenim teritorialnim morjem in zračnim prostorom nad ozemljem in teritorialnim morjem, nad katerim Romunija izvaja suverenost, kakor tudi zunanji pas, epikontinentalni pas in izključno ekonomsko cono, nad katerimi Romunija izvaja svoje suverene pravice in jurisdikcijo v skladu s svojo zakonodajo ter s pravili in načeli mednarodnega prava;
c) izraza “država pogodbenica” in “druga država pogodbenica” pomenita, kot zahteva sobesedilo, Slovenijo ali Romunijo;
d) izraz “oseba” vključuje posameznika, družbo in katero koli drugo telo, ki združuje več oseb;
e) izraz “ družba” pomeni katero koli korporacijo ali kateri koli subjekt, ki se za davčne namene obravnava kot korporacija;
f) izraza “podjetje države pogodbenice” in “podjetje druge države pogodbenice” pomenita podjetje, ki ga upravlja rezident države pogodbenice, in podjetje, ki ga upravlja rezident druge države pogodbenice;
g) izraz “pristojni organ” pomeni:
i) za Slovenijo Ministrstvo za finance Republike Slovenije ali pooblaščenega predstavnika tega ministrstva;
ii) za Romunijo Ministrstvo za finance Romunije ali pooblaščenega predstavnika tega ministrstva;
h) izraz “državljan” pomeni:
i) za Slovenijo katerega koli posameznika, ki ima državljanstvo Republike Slovenije, in katero koli pravno osebo, osebno družbo in združenje, katerih status izhaja iz veljavnih zakonov v Republiki Sloveniji;
ii) za Romunijo katerega koli posameznika, ki ima državljanstvo Romunije, in katero koli pravno osebo, osebno družbo in združenje, katerih status izhaja iz veljavnih zakonov v Romuniji;
i) izraz “mednarodni promet” pomeni kakršen koli prevoz z ladjo, letalom, železniškim ali cestnim vozilom, ki ga opravlja podjetje, ki ima sedež dejanske uprave v državi pogodbenici, razen če ladja, letalo, železniško ali cestno vozilo opravlja prevoze samo med kraji v drugi državi pogodbenici.
2) Kadar koli država pogodbenica uporabi konvencijo, ima kateri koli izraz, ki v njej ni opredeljen, razen če sobesedilo zahteva drugače, pomen, ki ga ima takrat po pravu te države za namene davkov, za katere se konvencija uporablja, pri čemer kateri koli pomen po veljavni davčni zakonodaji te države prevlada nad pomenom izraza po drugi zakonodaji te države.
4. člen
REZIDENT
1) Za namene te konvencije izraz “rezident države pogodbenice” pomeni katero koli osebo, ki je po zakonodaji te države dolžna plačevati davke zaradi svojega stalnega prebivališča, prebivališča, sedeža uprave, kraja registracije ali katerega koli drugega podobnega merila, in tudi vključuje to državo, njene politične enote ali lokalne oblasti (v primeru Slovenije) in njene lokalne oblasti ali upravnoozemeljske enote (v primeru Romunije). Ta izraz pa ne vključuje katere koli osebe, ki je dolžna v tej državi plačevati davke samo v zvezi z dohodki iz virov v tej državi ali od premoženja v njej.
2) Kadar je zaradi določb prvega odstavka posameznik rezident obeh držav pogodbenic, se njegov status določi na naslednji način:
a) šteje se samo za rezidenta države, v kateri ima na razpolago stalno prebivališče; če ima stalno prebivališče na razpolago v obeh državah, se šteje samo za rezidenta države, s katero ima tesnejše osebne in ekonomske odnose (središče življenjskih interesov);
b) če ni mogoče opredeliti države, v kateri ima središče življenjskih interesov, ali če nima v nobeni od držav na razpolago stalnega prebivališča, se šteje samo za rezidenta države, v kateri ima običajno bivališče;
c) če ima običajno bivališče v obeh državah ali v nobeni od njiju, se šteje samo za rezidenta države, katere državljan je;
d) če je državljan obeh držav ali nobene od njiju, pristojna organa držav pogodbenic vprašanje rešita s skupnim dogovorom.
3) Kadar je zaradi določb prvega odstavka oseba, ki ni posameznik, rezident obeh držav pogodbenic, se šteje, da je samo rezident države, v kateri ima sedež dejanske uprave.
5. člen
STALNA POSLOVNA ENOTA
1) Za namene te konvencije izraz “stalna poslovna enota” pomeni stalno mesto poslovanja, prek katerega v celoti ali delno potekajo posli podjetja.
2) Izraz “stalna poslovna enota” še posebej vključuje:
a) sedež uprave;
b) podružnico;
c) pisarno;
d) tovarno;
e) delavnico in
f) rudnik, nahajališče nafte ali plina, kamnolom ali kateri koli drug kraj pridobivanja naravnih virov.
3) Gradbišče ali projekt gradnje ali montaže je stalna poslovna enota samo, če traja več kot dvanajst mesecev.
4) Ne glede na prejšnje določbe tega člena se šteje, da izraz “stalna poslovna enota” ne vključuje:
a) uporabe prostorov samo za namen skladiščenja, razstavljanja ali dostave dobrin ali blaga, ki pripada podjetju;
b) vzdrževanja zaloge dobrin ali blaga, ki pripada podjetju, samo za namen skladiščenja, razstavljanja ali dostave;
c) vzdrževanja zaloge dobrin ali blaga, ki pripada podjetju, samo za namen predelave s strani drugega podjetja;
d) vzdrževanja zaloge dobrin ali blaga, ki pripada podjetju, ki se razstavlja na gospodarskem sejmu ali razstavi in ki ga podjetje na koncu takega sejma ali razstave proda;
e) vzdrževanja stalnega mesta poslovanja samo za namen nakupa dobrin ali blaga ali zbiranja informacij za podjetje;
f) vzdrževanja stalnega mesta poslovanja samo za namen izvajanja kakršne koli druge dejavnosti pripravljalne ali pomožne narave za podjetje;
g) vzdrževanja stalnega mesta poslovanja samo za kakršno koli kombinacijo dejavnosti, omenjenih v pododstavkih a) do f), pod pogojem, da je splošna dejavnost stalnega mesta poslovanja, ki je posledica te kombinacije, pripravljalne ali pomožne narave.
5) Ne glede na določbe prvega in drugega odstavka, kadar oseba – ki ni zastopnik z neodvisnim statusom, za katerega se uporablja šesti odstavek – deluje v imenu podjetja ter ima in običajno uporablja v državi pogodbenici pooblastilo za sklepanje pogodb v imenu podjetja, se za to podjetje šteje, da ima stalno poslovno enoto v tej državi v zvezi s katerimi koli dejavnostmi, ki jih ta oseba prevzame za podjetje, razen če so dejavnosti te osebe omejene na tiste iz četrtega odstavka, zaradi katerih se to stalno mesto poslovanja po določbah tega odstavka ne bi štelo za stalno poslovno enoto, če bi se opravljale prek stalnega mesta poslovanja.
6) Ne šteje se, da ima podjetje stalno poslovno enoto v državi pogodbenici samo zato, ker opravlja posle v tej državi prek posrednika, splošnega komisionarja ali katerega koli drugega zastopnika z neodvisnim statusom, pod pogojem, da te osebe delujejo v okviru svojega rednega poslovanja.
7) Dejstvo, da družba, ki je rezident države pogodbenice, nadzoruje družbo, ki je rezident druge države pogodbenice ali opravlja posle v tej drugi državi (prek stalne poslovne enote ali drugače) ali je pod nadzorom take družbe, samo po sebi še ne pomeni, da je ena od družb stalna poslovna enota druge.
6. člen
DOHODEK IZ NEPREMIČNIN
1) Dohodek rezidenta države pogodbenice, ki izhaja iz nepremičnin (vključno z dohodkom iz kmetijstva ali gozdarstva), ki so v drugi državi pogodbenici, se lahko obdavči v tej drugi državi.
2) Izraz “nepremičnine” ima pomen, ki ga ima po pravu države pogodbenice, v kateri je ta nepremičnina. Izraz vedno vključuje premoženje, ki je sestavni del nepremičnin, živino in opremo, ki se uporablja v kmetijstvu in gozdarstvu, pravice, za katere veljajo določbe splošnega prava v zvezi z zemljiško lastnino, užitek na nepremičninah in pravice do spremenljivih ali stalnih plačil kot odškodnino za izkoriščanje ali pravico do izkoriščanja nahajališč rude, virov ter drugega naravnega bogastva; ladje, čolni, letala, železniška in cestna vozila se ne štejejo za nepremičnine.
3) Določbe prvega odstavka se uporabljajo za dohodek, ki se ustvari z neposredno uporabo, dajanjem v najem ali katero koli drugo obliko uporabe nepremičnine.
4) Določbe prvega in tretjega odstavka se uporabljajo tudi za dohodek iz nepremičnin podjetja in dohodek iz nepremičnin, ki se uporabljajo za opravljanje samostojnih osebnih storitev.
7. člen
POSLOVNI DOBIČEK
1) Dobiček podjetja države pogodbenice se obdavči samo v tej državi, razen če podjetje posluje v drugi državi pogodbenic prek stalne poslovne enote v njej. Če podjetje posluje, kot je prej omenjeno, se lahko dobiček podjetja obdavči v drugi državi, vendar samo toliko dobička, kot se pripiše tej stalni poslovni enoti.
2) Ob upoštevanju določb tretjega odstavka, kadar podjetje države pogodbenice posluje v drugi državi pogodbenici prek stalne poslovne enote v njej, se v vsaki državi pogodbenici tej stalni poslovni enoti pripiše dobiček, za katerega bi se lahko pričakovalo, da bi ga imela, če bi bila različno in ločeno podjetje, ki opravlja enake ali podobne dejavnosti pod istimi ali podobnimi pogoji ter povsem neodvisno posluje s podjetjem, katerega stalna poslovna enota je.
3) Pri določanju dobička stalne poslovne enote je dovoljeno odšteti stroške, ki nastanejo za namene stalne poslovne enote, vključno s poslovodnimi in splošnimi upravnimi stroški, ki so tako nastali bodisi v državi, v kateri je stalna poslovna enota, ali drugje.
4) Če se v državi pogodbenici dobiček, ki se pripiše stalni poslovni enoti, običajno določi na podlagi porazdelitve vsega dobička podjetja na njegove dele, nič v drugem odstavku tej državi pogodbenici ne preprečuje določiti obdavčljivega dobička z običajno porazdelitvijo; sprejeta metoda porazdelitve pa mora biti taka, da je rezultat v skladu z načeli tega člena.
5) Stalni poslovni enoti se ne pripiše dobiček samo zato, ker nakupuje dobrine ali blago za podjetje.
6) Za namene prejšnjih odstavkov se dobiček, ki se pripiše stalni poslovni enoti, vsako leto določi po isti metodi, razen če obstaja upravičen in zadosten razlog za nasprotno.
7) Kadar dobiček vključuje dohodkovne postavke, ki so posebej obravnavane v drugih členih te konvencije, določbe tega člena ne vplivajo na določbe tistih členov.
8. člen
MEDNARODNI PROMET
1) Dobiček iz prevozov z ladjami, letali, železniškimi ali cestnimi vozili v mednarodnem prometu, se obdavči samo v državi pogodbenici, v kateri je sedež dejanske uprave podjetja.
2) Če je sedež dejanske uprave ladjarskega podjetja na krovu ladje, se šteje, da je v državi pogodbenici, v kateri ima ladja matično pristanišče, ali če nima takega matičnega pristanišča, v državi pogodbenici, katere rezident je ladijski prevoznik.
3) Določbe prvega odstavka se uporabljajo tudi za dobiček iz udeležbe v interesnem združenju (pool), mešanem podjetju ali mednarodni prevozni agenciji.
9. člen
POVEZANA PODJETJA
1) Kadar:
a) je podjetje države pogodbenice neposredno ali posredno udeleženo pri upravljanju, nadzoru ali v kapitalu podjetja druge države pogodbenice ali
b) so iste osebe neposredno ali posredno udeležene pri upravljanju, nadzoru ali v kapitalu podjetja države pogodbenice in podjetja druge države pogodbenice
in v obeh primerih obstajajo ali se uvedejo med podjetjema v njunih komercialnih ali finančnih odnosih pogoji, drugačni od tistih, ki bi obstajali med neodvisnimi podjetji, se kakršen koli dobiček, ki bi prirastel enemu od podjetij, če takih pogojev ne bi bilo, vendar prav zaradi takih pogojev ni prirastel, lahko vključi v dobiček tega podjetja in ustrezno obdavči.
2) Kadar država pogodbenica v dobiček podjetja te države vključuje – in ustrezno obdavči – dobiček, za katerega je že bilo obdavčeno podjetje druge države pogodbenice v tej drugi državi, in je tako vključeni dobiček dobiček, ki bi prirastel podjetju prve omenjene države, če bi bili pogoji, ki obstajajo med podjetjema, taki, kot bi obstajali med neodvisnimi podjetji, ta druga država lahko ustrezno prilagodi znesek davka, ki se v tej državi zaračuna od tega dobička. Pri določanju take prilagoditve je treba upoštevati druge določbe te konvencije, pristojna organa držav pogodbenic pa se po potrebi med seboj posvetujeta.
10. člen
DIVIDENDE
1) Dividende, ki jih družba, ki je rezident države pogodbenice, plača rezidentu druge države pogodbenice, se lahko obdavčijo v tej drugi državi.
2) Take dividende pa se lahko obdavčijo tudi v državi pogodbenici, katere rezident je družba, ki dividende plačuje, in v skladu z zakonodajo te države, če pa je upravičeni lastnik dividend rezident druge države pogodbenice, tako obračunani davek ne presega 5 odstotkov bruto zneska dividend. Pristojna organa držav pogodbenic se sporazumno dogovorita o načinu uporabe te omejitve.
Ta odstavek ne vpliva na obdavčenje družbe v zvezi z dobičkom, iz katerega se plačajo dividende.
3) Izraz “dividende”, kot je uporabljen v tem členu, pomeni dohodek iz delnic, rudniških delnic, ustanoviteljskih delnic ali drugih pravic do udeležbe v dobičku, ki niso terjatve, in tudi dohodek iz drugih pravic v družbi, ki se davčno obravnava enako kot dohodek iz delnic po zakonodaji države, katere rezident je družba, ki dividende deli.
4) Določbe prvega in drugega odstavka se ne uporabljajo, če upravičeni lastnik dividend, ki je rezident države pogodbenice, posluje v drugi državi pogodbenici, katere rezident je družba, ki dividende plačuje, prek stalne poslovne enote v njej ali opravlja v tej drugi državi samostojne osebne storitve iz stalne baze v njej ter je delež, v zvezi s katerim se dividende plačajo, dejansko povezan s tako stalno poslovno enoto ali stalno bazo. V takem primeru se uporabljajo določbe 7. ali 14. člena, odvisno od primera.
5) Kadar dobiček ali dohodek družbe, ki je rezident države pogodbenice, izhaja iz druge države pogodbenice, ta druga država ne sme uvesti nobenega davka na dividende, ki jih plača družba, razen če se te dividende plačajo rezidentu te druge države ali če je delež, v zvezi s katerim se take dividende plačajo, dejansko povezan s stalno poslovno enoto ali stalno bazo v tej drugi državi, niti ne sme uvesti davka od nerazdeljenega dobička na nerazdeljeni dobiček družbe, tudi če so plačane dividende ali nerazdeljeni dobiček v celoti ali delno sestavljeni iz dobička ali dohodka, ki nastane v taki drugi državi.
11. člen
OBRESTI
1) Obresti, ki nastanejo v državi pogodbenici in se izplačajo rezidentu druge države pogodbenice, se lahko obdavčijo v tej drugi državi.
2) Take obresti pa se lahko obdavčijo tudi v državi pogodbenici, v kateri nastanejo, in v skladu z zakonodajo te države, če pa je upravičeni lastnik obresti rezident druge države pogodbenice, tako zaračunani davek ne presega 5 odstotkov bruto zneska obresti. Pristojna organa držav pogodbenic se sporazumno dogovorita o načinu uporabe te omejitve.
3) Ne glede na določbe drugega odstavka:
a) so obresti, ki nastanejo v Sloveniji in se plačajo vladi Romunije, vključno z njenimi lokalnimi oblastmi ali upravnoozemeljskimi enotami, Narodno banko Romunije, Banco de Export-Import a Romaniei – S.A. (Eximbank), in obresti, ki se plačajo v zvezi s posojilom, za katero je dala garancijo Banca de Export-Import a Romaniei – S.A. (Eximbank), oproščene slovenskega davka;
b) so obresti, ki nastanejo v Romuniji in se plačajo vladi Slovenije, vključno z njenimi političnimi enotami ali lokalnimi oblastmi, Banko Slovenije, Slovensko izvozno družbo, ali obresti, ki se plačajo v zvezi s posojilom, za katero je dala garancijo Slovenska izvozna družba, oproščene romunskega davka.
4) Izraz “obresti”, kot je uporabljen v tem členu, pomeni dohodek iz vseh vrst terjatev ne glede na to, ali so zavarovane s hipoteko, in ne glede na to, ali imajo pravico do udeležbe v dolžnikovem dobičku, in še posebej dohodek iz državnih vrednostnih papirjev ter dohodek iz obveznic ali zadolžnic, vključno s premijami in nagradami, ki pripadajo takim vrednostnim papirjem, obveznicam ali zadolžnicam. Kazni zaradi zamude pri plačilu se za namen tega člena ne štejejo za obresti.
5) Določbe prvega, drugega in tretjega odstavka se ne uporabljajo, če upravičeni lastnik obresti, ki je rezident države pogodbenice, posluje v drugi državi pogodbenici, v kateri obresti nastanejo, prek stalne poslovne enote v njej ali opravlja v tej drugi državi samostojne osebne storitve iz stalne baze v njej ter je terjatev, v zvezi s katero se obresti plačajo, dejansko povezana s tako stalno poslovno enoto ali stalno bazo. V takem primeru se uporabljajo določbe 7. ali 14. člena, odvisno od primera.
6) Šteje se, da obresti nastanejo v državi pogodbenici, kadar je plačnik rezident te države. Kadar pa ima oseba, ki plačuje obresti, ne glede na to, ali je rezident države pogodbenice, v državi pogodbenici stalno poslovno enoto ali stalno bazo, v zvezi s katero je nastala zadolžitev, za katero se plačajo obresti ter take obresti krije taka stalna poslovna enota ali stalna baza, se šteje, da take obresti nastanejo v državi pogodbenici, v kateri je stalna poslovna enota ali stalna baza.
7) Kadar zaradi posebnega odnosa med plačnikom in upravičenim lastnikom ali med njima in drugo osebo znesek obresti glede na terjatev, za katero se plačajo, presega znesek, za katerega bi se sporazumela plačnik in upravičeni lastnik, če takega odnosa ne bi bilo, se določbe tega člena uporabljajo samo za zadnji omenjeni znesek. V takem primeru se presežni del plačil še naprej obdavčuje v skladu z zakonodajo vsake države pogodbenice, pri čemer je treba upoštevati druge določbe te konvencije.
12. člen
LICENČNINE IN AVTORSKI HONORARJI
1) Licenčnine in avtorski honorarji, ki nastanejo v državi pogodbenici in se plačajo rezidentu druge države pogodbenice, se lahko obdavčijo v tej drugi državi.
2) Take licenčnine in avtorski honorarji pa se lahko obdavčijo tudi v državi pogodbenici, v kateri nastanejo, in v skladu z zakonodajo te države, če pa je upravičeni lastnik licenčnin in avtorskih honorarjev rezident druge države pogodbenice, tako zaračunani davek ne presega 5 odstotkov bruto zneska licenčnin in avtorskih honorarjev. Pristojna organa držav pogodbenic se sporazumno dogovorita o načinu uporabe te omejitve.
3) Izraz “licenčnine in avtorski honorarji”, kot je uporabljen v tem členu, pomeni plačila vsake vrste, prejeta kot povračilo za uporabo ali pravico do uporabe kakršnih koli avtorskih pravic za literarno, umetniško ali znanstveno delo, vključno s kinematografskimi filmi, katerega koli patenta, blagovne znamke, vzorca ali modela, načrta, tajne formule ali postopka ali za uporabo ali pravico do uporabe industrijske, komercialne ali znanstvene opreme ali za informacije o industrijskih, komercialnih ali znanstvenih izkušnjah.
4) Določbe prvega in drugega odstavka se ne uporabljajo, če upravičeni lastnik licenčnin in avtorskih honorarjev, ki je rezident države pogodbenice, posluje v drugi državi pogodbenici, v kateri licenčnine in avtorski honorarji nastanejo, prek stalne poslovne enote v njej ali opravlja v tej drugi državi samostojne osebne storitve iz stalne baze v njej ter je pravica ali premoženje, v zvezi s katerim se licenčnine in avtorski honorarji plačajo, dejansko povezano s tako stalno poslovno enoto ali stalno bazo. V takem primeru se uporabljajo določbe 7. ali 14. člena, odvisno od primera.
5) Šteje se, da so licenčnine in avtorski honorarji nastali v državi pogodbenici, kadar je plačnik rezident te države. Kadar pa ima oseba, ki plačuje licenčnine in avtorske honorarje, ne glede na to, ali je rezident države pogodbenice, v državi pogodbenici stalno poslovno enoto ali stalno bazo, v zvezi s katero je nastala obveznost za plačilo licenčnin in avtorskih honorarjev ter take licenčnine in avtorske honorarje krije taka stalna poslovna enota ali stalna baza, se šteje, da so take licenčnine in avtorski honorarji nastali v državi pogodbenici, v kateri je stalna poslovna enota ali stalna baza.
6) Kadar zaradi posebnega odnosa med plačnikom in upravičenim lastnikom ali med njima in drugo osebo znesek licenčnin in avtorskih honorarjev glede na uporabo, pravico ali informacijo, za katero se plačujejo, presega znesek, za katerega bi se sporazumela plačnik in upravičeni lastnik, če takega odnosa ne bi bilo, se določbe tega člena uporabljajo samo za zadnji omenjeni znesek. V takem primeru se presežni del plačil še naprej obdavčuje v skladu z zakonodajo vsake države pogodbenice, pri čemer je treba upoštevati druge določbe te konvencije.
13. člen
KAPITALSKI DOBIČEK
1) Dobiček, ki ga rezident države pogodbenice doseže z odtujitvijo nepremičnin, ki so omenjene v 6. členu, in so v drugi državi pogodbenici, se lahko obdavči v tej drugi državi.
2) Dobiček iz odtujitve premičnin, ki so del poslovnega premoženja stalne poslovne enote, ki jo ima podjetje države pogodbenice v drugi državi pogodbenici, ali premičnin, ki se nanašajo na stalno bazo, ki jo ima rezident države pogodbenice na voljo v drugi državi pogodbenici za namen opravljanja samostojnih osebnih storitev, vključno z dobičkom iz odtujitve take stalne poslovne enote (same ali s celotnim podjetjem) ali take stalne baze, se lahko obdavči v tej drugi državi.
3) Dobiček iz odtujitve ladij, letal, železniških ali cestnih vozil, s katerimi se opravljajo prevozi v mednarodnem prometu, ali premičnin, ki se nanašajo na opravljanje prevozov s takimi ladjami, letali, železniškimi ali cestnimi vozili, se obdavči samo v državi pogodbenici, v kateri je sedež dejanske uprave podjetja.
4) Dobiček, ki ga rezident države pogodbenice doseže z odtujitvijo delnic ali primerljivih pravic v družbi, katere sredstva v celoti sestavljajo nepremičnine v drugi državi pogodbenici, se lahko obdavči v tej drugi državi.
5) Dobiček iz odtujitve kakršnega koli premoženja, ki ni premoženje, navedeno v prvem do četrtem odstavku, se obdavči samo v državi pogodbenici, katere rezident je oseba, ki odtuji premoženje.
14. člen
SAMOSTOJNE OSEBNE STORITVE
1) Dohodek, ki ga dobi rezident države pogodbenice iz poklicnih storitev ali drugih samostojnih dejavnosti, se obdavči samo v tej državi, razen če ima stalno bazo, ki mu je redno na voljo v drugi državi pogodbenici za namen opravljanja njegovih dejavnosti. Če ima tako stalno bazo, se dohodek lahko obdavči v drugi državi, a samo toliko dohodka, kolikor se pripiše tej stalni bazi.
2) Izraz “poklicne storitve” vključuje še posebej samostojne znanstvene, literarne, umetniške, izobraževalne ali pedagoške dejavnosti kot tudi samostojne dejavnosti zdravnikov, odvetnikov, inženirjev, arhitektov, zobozdravnikov in računovodij.
15. člen
ODVISNE OSEBNE STORITVE
1) V skladu z določbami 16., 18., 19., 20. in 21. člena se plače, mezde in drugi podobni prejemki, ki jih dobi rezident države pogodbenice iz zaposlitve, obdavčijo samo v tej državi, razen če se zaposlitev izvaja v drugi državi pogodbenici. Če se zaposlitev izvaja tako, se lahko tako dobljeni prejemki obdavčijo v tej drugi državi.
2) Ne glede na določbe prvega odstavka se prejemek, ki ga dobi rezident države pogodbenice iz zaposlitve, ki se izvaja v drugi državi pogodbenici, obdavči samo v prvi omenjeni državi, če:
a) je prejemnik navzoč v drugi državi v obdobju ali obdobjih, ki ne presegajo skupno 183 dni v katerem koli obdobju dvanajstih mesecev, ki se začne ali konča v zadevnem koledarskem letu, in
b) prejemek plača delodajalec, ki ni rezident druge države, ali se plača v njegovem imenu in
c) prejemka ne krije stalna poslovna enota ali stalna baza, ki jo ima delodajalec v drugi državi.
3) Ne glede na prejšnje določbe tega člena se prejemek, ki ga dobi rezident države pogodbenice iz zaposlitve na ladji, letalu, železniškem ali cestnem vozilu, s katerim se opravljajo prevozi v mednarodnem prometu, lahko obdavči v državi pogodbenici, v kateri je sedež dejanske uprave podjetja.
16. člen
PLAČILA DIREKTORJEM
Plačila direktorjem in druga podobna plačila, ki jih dobi rezident države pogodbenice kot član upravnega odbora družbe, ki je rezident druge države pogodbenice, se lahko obdavčijo v tej drugi državi.
17. člen
UMETNIKI IN ŠPORTNIKI
1) Ne glede na določbe 14. in 15. člena se dohodek, ki ga dobi rezident države pogodbenice kot nastopajoči izvajalec, kot je gledališki, filmski, radijski ali televizijski umetnik ali glasbenik, ali kot športnik iz takšnih osebnih dejavnosti, ki jih izvaja v drugi državi pogodbenici, lahko obdavči v tej drugi državi.
2) Kadar dohodek iz osebnih dejavnosti, ki jih izvaja nastopajoči izvajalec ali športnik kot tak, ne pripiše samemu nastopajočemu izvajalcu ali športniku, temveč drugi osebi, se ta dohodek kljub določbam 7., 14. in 15. člena lahko obdavči v državi pogodbenici, v kateri se izvajajo dejavnosti nastopajočega izvajalca ali športnika.
3) Ne glede na določbe prvega in drugega odstavka tega člena pa se dohodek, ki ga rezident države pogodbenice dobi iz osebnih storitev kot nastopajoči izvajalec ali športnik, obdavči samo v prvi omenjeni državi pogodbenici, če storitve v drugi državi pogodbenici izvaja v okviru programa kulturne ali športne izmenjave, ki ga odobrita državi pogodbenici.
18. člen
POKOJNINE IN ANUITETE
1) V skladu z določbami drugega odstavka 19. člena se pokojnine, anuitete in drugi podobni prejemki, ki se izplačujejo rezidentu države pogodbenice za preteklo zaposlitev, obdavčijo samo v tej državi.
2) Ne glede na določbe prvega odstavka tega člena se pokojnine in druga podobna plačila, ki se plačujejo v skladu z zakonodajo države pogodbenice o socialni varnosti, obdavčijo samo v tej državi.
3) Izraz “anuiteta” pomeni določen znesek, ki se redno plačuje ob določenem času vse življenje ali v določenem ali ugotovljivem časovnem obdobju, z obveznostjo izvršitve plačil za primerno in celotno nadomestilo v denarju ali denarni vrednosti.
19. člen
DRŽAVNA SLUŽBA
1) a) Plače, mezde in drugi podobni prejemki razen pokojnin, ki jih plačujejo država pogodbenica, njene politične enote ali lokalne oblasti (v primeru Slovenije) in njene lokalne oblasti ali upravnoozemeljske enote (v primeru Romunije) posamezniku za storitve, ki jih opravi za to državo ali politično enoto ali oblast ali upravnoozemeljsko enoto, se obdavčijo samo v tej državi.
b) Take plače, mezde in drugi podobni prejemki pa se obdavčijo samo v drugi državi pogodbenici, če se storitve opravljajo v tej državi in je posameznik rezident te države, ki:
i) je državljan te države ali
ii) ni postal rezident te države samo za namen opravljanja storitev.
2) a) Vsaka pokojnina, plačana iz skladov države pogodbenice, njenih političnih enot ali lokalnih oblasti (v primeru Slovenije) in njenih lokalnih oblasti ali upravnoozemeljskih enot (v primeru Romunije) posamezniku za storitve, opravljene za to državo ali politično enoto ali oblast ali enoto, se obdavči samo v tej državi.
b) Taka pokojnina pa se obdavči samo v drugi državi pogodbenici, če je posameznik rezident in državljan te države.
3) Določbe 15., 16., 17. in 18. člena se uporabljajo za plače, mezde in druge podobne prejemke ter za pokojnine za storitve, opravljene v zvezi s posli, ki jih opravljajo država pogodbenica, njene politične enote ali lokalne oblasti (v primeru Slovenije) in njene lokalne oblasti ali upravnoozemeljske enote (v primeru Romunije).
20. člen
PROFESORJI IN RAZISKOVALCI
1) Oseba, ki je ali je bila tik pred obiskom druge države pogodbenice rezident države pogodbenice in ki je na povabilo univerze, višje ali visoke šole, šole ali druge podobne neprofitne izobraževalne ustanove, ki jo priznava vlada te druge države pogodbenice, navzoča v tej drugi državi pogodbenici v obdobju, ki ni daljše od dveh let od datuma prvega prihoda v to drugo državo pogodbenico samo za namen poučevanja ali raziskovanja ali obojega v taki izobraževalni ustanovi, je v tej drugi državi pogodbenici oproščena davka na prejemke za tako poučevanje ali raziskovanje.
2) Določbe prvega odstavka tega člena se ne uporabljajo za prejemke za raziskave, če se take raziskave ne izvajajo v javno korist, ampak v zasebno korist določene osebe ali oseb.
21. člen
ŠTUDENTI IN PRIPRAVNIKI
1) Plačila, ki jih študent ali pripravnik, ki je ali je bil tik pred obiskom države pogodbenice rezident druge države pogodbenice in je v prvi omenjeni državi navzoč samo z namenom svojega izobraževanja ali usposabljanja, prejme za svoje vzdrževanje, izobraževanje ali usposabljanje, se ne obdavčijo v tej državi pod pogojem, da taka plačila nastanejo iz virov zunaj te države.
2) Študent na univerzi ali drugi visokošolski ustanovi v državi pogodbenici ali pripravnik ali praktikant v trgovini, industriji, kmetijstvu ali gozdarstvu, ki je ali je bil tik pred obiskom druge države pogodbenice rezident prve omenjene države in je v drugi državi pogodbenici navzoč nepretrgoma v obdobju, ki ni daljše od 5 let, se v tej drugi državi ne obdavči za prejemke za storitve, ki jih opravi v tej državi, pod pogojem, da so storitve povezane s študijem ali usposabljanjem in da plačila pomenijo dohodek, potreben za njegovo vzdrževanje.
22. člen
DRUGI DOHODKI
1) Deli dohodka rezidenta države pogodbenice, ki nastanejo kjer koli in ki niso obravnavani v predhodnih členih te konvencije, se obdavčijo samo v tej državi.
2) Določbe prvega odstavka se ne uporabljajo za dohodek, ki ni dohodek iz nepremičnin, kot so opredeljene v drugem odstavku 6. člena, če prejemnik takega dohodka, ki je rezident države pogodbenice, posluje v drugi državi pogodbenici prek stalne poslovne enote v njej ali v tej drugi državi opravlja samostojne osebne storitve iz stalne baze v njej in je pravica ali premoženje, za katero se plača dohodek, dejansko povezano s tako stalno poslovno enoto ali stalno bazo. V takem primeru se uporabljajo določbe 7. ali 14. člena, odvisno od primera.
23. člen
PREMOŽENJE
1) Premoženje, ki ga predstavljajo nepremičnine iz 6. člena v lasti rezidenta države pogodbenice in so v drugi državi pogodbenici, se lahko obdavčijo v tej drugi državi.
2) Premoženje, ki ga predstavljajo premičnine, ki so del poslovnega premoženja stalne poslovne enote, ki jo ima podjetje države pogodbenice v drugi državi pogodbenici, ali premičnine v zvezi s stalno bazo, ki je na voljo rezidentu države pogodbenice v drugi državi pogodbenici za opravljanje samostojnih osebnih storitev, se lahko obdavči v tej drugi državi.
3) Premoženje, ki ga predstavljajo ladje, letala, železniška in cestna vozila, s katerimi se opravljajo prevozi v mednarodnem prometu, ali premičnine v zvezi z opravljanjem prevozov s takimi vozili, se obdavči samo v državi pogodbenici, v kateri je sedež dejanske uprave podjetja.
4) Vsi drugi elementi premoženja rezidenta države pogodbenice se obdavčijo samo v tej državi.
24. člen
ODPRAVA DVOJNEGA OBDAVČEVANJA
Dvojno obdavčevanje se odpravi, kot sledi:
1) v Sloveniji:
a) kadar rezident Slovenije dobi dohodek ali ima v lasti premoženje, ki se v skladu z določbami te konvencije lahko obdavči v Romuniji, Slovenija dovoli:
i) kot odbitek od davka od dohodka tega rezidenta znesek, ki je enak davku od dohodka, plačanemu v Romuniji;
ii) kot odbitek od davka od premoženja tega rezidenta znesek, ki je enak davku od premoženja, plačanemu v Romuniji.
Tak odbitek v nobenem primeru ne sme presegati tistega dela davka od dohodka ali premoženja, ki je bil izračunan pred odbitkom, pripisanim dohodku ali premoženju, odvisno od primera, ki se lahko obdavči v Romuniji;
b) kadar je v skladu s katero koli določbo konvencije dohodek, ki ga rezident Slovenije dobi, ali premoženje, ki ga ima v lasti, oproščeno davka v Sloveniji, lahko Slovenija pri izračunu zneska davka od preostalega dohodka ali premoženja tega rezidenta vseeno upošteva oproščeni dohodek ali premoženje;
2) v Romuniji:
a) kadar rezident Romunije dobi dohodek ali ima v lasti premoženje, ki se v skladu z določbami te konvencije lahko obdavči v Sloveniji, Romunija dovoli:
i) kot odbitek od davka od dohodka tega rezidenta znesek, ki je enak davku od dohodka, plačanemu v Sloveniji;
ii) kot odbitek od davka od premoženja tega rezidenta znesek, ki je enak davku od premoženja, plačanemu v Sloveniji.
Tak odbitek v nobenem primeru ne sme presegati tistega dela davka od dohodka ali premoženja, ki je bil izračunan pred odbitkom, pripisanim dohodku ali premoženju, odvisno od primera, ki se lahko obdavči v Sloveniji.
25. člen
ENAKO OBRAVNAVANJE
1) Državljani države pogodbenice ne smejo biti v drugi državi pogodbenici zavezani kakršnemu koli obdavčevanju ali kakršni koli zahtevi v zvezi s tem, ki je drugačna ali bolj obremenjujoča, kot so ali so lahko obdavčevanje in s tem povezane zahteve za državljane te druge države v enakih okoliščinah, še zlasti glede rezidentstva. Ta določba se ne glede na določbe 1. člena uporablja tudi za osebe, ki niso rezidenti ene ali obeh držav pogodbenic.
2) Obdavčevanje stalne poslovne enote, ki jo ima podjetje države pogodbenice v drugi državi pogodbenici, ne sme biti manj ugodno v tej drugi državi, kot je obdavčevanje podjetij te druge države, ki opravljajo enake dejavnosti. Ta določba se ne razlaga, kot da zavezuje državo pogodbenico, da prizna rezidentom druge države pogodbenice kakršne koli osebne olajšave, druge olajšave in znižanja za davčne namene zaradi osebnega stanja ali družinskih obveznosti, ki jih priznava svojim rezidentom.
3) Razen kadar se uporabljajo določbe prvega odstavka 9. člena, sedmega odstavka 11. člena ali šestega odstavka 12. člena, se obresti, licenčnine in avtorski honorarji ter druga izplačila, ki jih plača podjetje države pogodbenice rezidentu druge države pogodbenice, pri določanju obdavčljivega dobička takega podjetja odbijejo pod istimi pogoji, kot če bi bili plačani rezidentu prve omenjene države. Podobno se tudi kakršni koli dolgovi podjetja države pogodbenice rezidentu druge države pogodbenice pri določanju obdavčljivega premoženja takega podjetja odbijejo pod istimi pogoji, kot če bi bili pogodbeno dogovorjeni z rezidentom prve omenjene države.
4) Podjetja države pogodbenice, katerih kapital je v celoti ali delno, neposredno ali posredno v lasti ali pod nadzorom enega ali več rezidentov druge države pogodbenice, ne smejo biti v prvi omenjeni državi zavezana kakršnemu koli obdavčevanju ali kakršni koli zahtevi v zvezi s tem, ki je drugačna ali bolj obremenjujoča, kot so ali so lahko obdavčevanje in s tem povezane zahteve do drugih podobnih podjetij prve omenjene države.
5) Določbe tega člena se uporabljajo ne glede na določbe 2. člena za davke vseh vrst in opisov.
26. člen
POSTOPEK SKUPNEGA DOGOVORA
1) Kadar oseba meni, da imajo ali bodo imela dejanja ene ali obeh držav pogodbenic zanjo za posledico obdavčevanje, ki ni v skladu z določbami te konvencije, lahko ne glede na sredstva, ki ji jih omogoča domača zakonodaja teh držav, predloži zadevo pristojnemu organu države pogodbenice, katere rezident je, ali če se njen primer nanaša na prvi odstavek 25. člena, tiste države pogodbenice, katere državljan je. Zadeva mora biti predložena v treh letih od prvega uradnega obvestila o dejanju, ki je imelo za posledico obdavčevanje, ki ni v skladu z določbami konvencije.
2) Pristojni organ si, če se mu zdi pritožba upravičena in če sam ne more priti do zadovoljive rešitve, prizadeva rešiti primer s skupnim dogovorom s pristojnim organom druge države pogodbenice z namenom izogniti se obdavčevanju, ki ni v skladu s konvencijo. Vsak dosežen dogovor se izvaja ne glede na roke v domači zakonodaji držav pogodbenic.
3) Pristojna organa držav pogodbenic si prizadevata s skupnim dogovorom razrešiti kakršne koli težave ali dvome, ki nastanejo pri razlagi ali uporabi konvencije. Prav tako se lahko med seboj posvetujeta o odpravi dvojnega obdavčevanja v primerih, ki jih konvencija ne predvideva.
4) Pristojna organa držav pogodbenic lahko neposredno komunicirata med seboj, da bi dosegla dogovor v smislu prejšnjih odstavkov. Kadar se za dosego dogovora zdi priporočljiva ustna izmenjava mnenj, lahko taka izmenjava poteka prek komisije, ki jo sestavljajo predstavniki pristojnih organov držav pogodbenic.
27. člen
IZMENJAVA INFORMACIJ
1) Pristojna organa držav pogodbenic si izmenjavata take informacije, ki so potrebne za izvajanje določb te konvencije ali notranje zakonodaje držav pogodbenic glede davkov, za katere se uporablja konvencija, kolikor obdavčevanje na njihovi podlagi ni v nasprotju s konvencijo. Izmenjava informacij ni omejena s 1. členom. Vsaka informacija, ki jo prejme država pogodbenica, se obravnava kot tajnost na isti način kot informacije, pridobljene po notranji zakonodaji te države, in se razkrije samo osebam ali organom (vključno s sodišči in upravnimi organi), udeleženim pri odmeri ali pobiranju, izterjavi ali pregonu ali pri odločanju o pritožbah glede davkov, za katere se uporablja konvencija. Te osebe ali organi uporabljajo informacije samo v te namene. Informacije lahko razkrijejo na sodnih obravnavah ali pri sodnih odločitvah.
2) V nobenem primeru se določbe prvega odstavka ne razlagajo, kot da nalagajo državi pogodbenici obveznost:
a) da izvaja upravne ukrepe, ki niso v skladu z zakonodajo in upravno prakso te ali druge države pogodbenice,
b) da priskrbi informacije, ki jih ni mogoče dobiti po zakonski ali običajni upravni poti te ali druge države pogodbenice,
c) da priskrbi informacije, ki bi razkrile kakršno koli trgovinsko, poslovno, industrijsko, komercialno ali poklicno skrivnost ali trgovinske postopke, ali informacije, katerih razkritje bi bilo v nasprotju z javnim redom.
28. člen
ČLANI DIPLOMATSKIH PREDSTAVNIŠTEV IN KONZULATOV
Nič v tej konvenciji ne vpliva na davčne ugodnosti članov diplomatskih predstavništev in konzulatov po splošnih pravilih mednarodnega prava ali določbah posebnih sporazumov.
29. člen
ZAČETEK VELJAVNOSTI
1) Ta konvencija začne veljati trideseti dan po zadnjem uradnem obvestilu, s katerim državi pogodbenici druga drugo obvestita, da so izpolnjene notranjepravne zahteve za začetek veljavnosti te konvencije, in njene določbe se uporabljajo:
i) v zvezi z davki, zadržanimi pri viru, za dohodke, dobljene prvi dan januarja ali po njem v koledarskem letu, ki sledi letu, v katerem začne veljati konvencija; in
ii) v zvezi z drugimi davki za dobiček, dohodek in premoženje, dobljeno prvi dan januarja ali po njem v koledarskem letu, ki sledi letu, v katerem začne veljati konvencija.
2) Konvencija med Socialistično federativno republiko Jugoslavijo in Socialistično republiko Romunijo o izogibanju dvojnega obdavčevanja v zvezi z davki od dohodka in premoženja, ki je bila podpisana 29. aprila 1986 v Beogradu, med Republiko Slovenijo in Romunijo preneha veljati za davke, za katere se v skladu z določbami prvega odstavka uporablja ta konvencija.
30. člen
PRENEHANJE VELJAVNOSTI
Ta konvencija velja za nedoločen čas, vendar jo lahko vsaka država pogodbenica odpove po petih letih od datuma začetka veljavnosti konvencije pod pogojem, da najmanj šest mesecev pred tem po diplomatski poti da obvestilo o odpovedi. V takem primeru se ta konvencija preneha uporabljati:
i) v zvezi z davki, zadržanimi pri viru, za dohodke, dobljene prvi dan januarja ali po njem v koledarskem letu, ki sledi letu, v katerem je bilo dano obvestilo o odpovedi, in
ii) v zvezi z drugimi davki za dobiček, dohodek in premoženje, dobljeno prvi dan januarja ali po njem v koledarskem letu, ki sledi letu, v katerem je bilo dano obvestilo o odpovedi.
V DOKAZ NAVEDENEGA sta podpisana, ki sta bila za to pravilno pooblaščena, podpisala to konvencijo.
SESTAVLJENO v dveh izvirnikih v Bukarešti dne 8. julija 2002 v slovenskem, romunskem in angleškem jeziku, pri čemer so vsa besedila enako verodostojna. V primeru razhajanj pri razlagi prevlada angleško besedilo.
ZA REPUBLIKO SLOVENIJO
dr. Dimitrij Rupel l. r.
ZA ROMUNIJO
Mircea Geoana l. r.
C O N V E N T I O N
BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA AND ROMANIA FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME AND ON CAPITAL
The Republic of Slovenia and Romania, desiring to conclude a Convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital,
Have agreed as follows:
Article 1
PERSONS COVERED
This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
Article 2
TAXES COVERED
(1) This Convention shall apply to taxes on income and on capital imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political subdivisions or local authorities (in the case of Slovenia) or of its local authorities or administrative - territorial units (in the case of Romania), irrespective of the manner in which they are levied.
(2) There shall be regarded as taxes on income and on capital all taxes imposed on total income, on total capital, or on elements of income or of capital, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.
(3) The existing taxes to which the Convention shall apply are in particular:
a) in Slovenia:
(i) the tax on profits of legal persons;
(ii) the tax on income of individuals, including income from employment, income from agricultural activities, income from business, capital gains and income from immovable and movable property;
(iii) the tax on property;
(hereinafter referred to as “Slovenian tax“);
b) in Romania:
(i) the tax on income;
(ii) the tax on profit;
(iii) the tax on agricultural income;
(iv) the tax on property;
(hereinafter referred to as “ Romanian tax”).
(4) The Convention shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. At the end of each year, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws.
Article 3
GENERAL DEFINITIONS
(1) For the purposes of this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires:
a) the term “Slovenia” means the Republic of Slovenia and, when used in a geographical sense, means the territory of the Republic of Slovenia, including the territorial sea, sea bed and subsoil adjacent to the territorial sea to the extent the Republic of Slovenia exercises its sovereign rights or jurisdiction over such territorial sea, sea area, sea bed and subsoil in accordance with its domestic legislation and international law;
b) the term “Romania” means the state territory of Romania, including its territorial sea and air space over the territory and the territorial sea over which Romania exercises sovereignty, as well as the contiguous zone and the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone over which Romania exercises, in accordance with its legislation and with the rules and principles of international law, sovereign rights and jurisdiction;
c) the terms “a Contracting State” and “the other Contracting State” mean Slovenia or Romania as the context requires;
d) the term “person“ includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;
e) the term “company“ means any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;
f) the terms “enterprise of a Contracting State“ and “enterprise of the other Contracting State“ mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;
g) the term “competent authority“ means:
(i) in Slovenia: the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Slovenia or its authorized representative;
(ii) in Romania: the Ministry of Finance of Romania or its authorized representative;
h) the term “national“ means:
(i) in the case of Slovenia any individual possessing the nationality of the Republic of Slovenia and any legal person, partnership and association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in the Republic of Slovenia;
(ii) in the case of Romania any individual possessing the citizenship of Romania and any legal person, partnership and association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in Romania;
i) the term “international traffic“ means any transport by a ship, aircraft, railway or road vehicle operated by an enterprise which has its place of effective management in a Contracting State, except when the ship, aircraft, railway or road vehicle is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State.
(2) As regards the application of the Convention at any time by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the taxes to which the Convention applies, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that State prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that State.
Article 4
RESIDENT
(1) For the purposes of this Convention, the term “resident of a Contracting State“ means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management, place of registration or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State, its political subdivisions or local authorities (in the case of Slovenia) and its local authorities or administrative - territorial units (in the case of Romania) thereof. This term, however, does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources in that State or capital situated therein.
(2) Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:
a) he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);
b) if the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has an habitual abode;
c) if he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State of which he is a national;
d) if he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.
(3) Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which its place of effective management is situated.
Article 5
PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT
(1) For the purposes of this Convention, the term “permanent establishment“ means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
(2) The term “permanent establishment“ includes especially:
a) a place of management;
b) a branch;
c) an office;
d) a factory;
e) a workshop, and
f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.
(3) A building site or construction or installation project constitutes a permanent establishment only if it lasts more than twelve months.
(4) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article the term “permanent establishment“ shall be deemed not to include:
a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;
b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;
c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;
d) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise, which is exhibited at a trade fair or exhibition, and which is sold by the enterprise at the end of such fair or exhibition;
e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;
f) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character;
g) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in subparagraphs (a) to (f), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
(5) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person - other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies - is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.
(6) An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.
(7) The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.
Article 6
INCOME FROM IMMOVABLE PROPERTY
(1) Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
(2) The term “immovable property“ shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships, boats, aircraft, railway and road vehicles shall not be regarded as immovable property.
(3) The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.
(4) The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.
Article 7
BUSINESS PROFITS
(1) The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.
(2) Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.
(3) In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.
(4) Insofar as it has been customary in a Contracting State to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph 2 shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary; the method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this Article.
(5) No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.
(6) For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.
(7) Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article.
Article 8
INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC
(1) Profits from the operation of ships, aircraft, railway or road vehicles in international traffic shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
(2) If the place of effective management of a shipping enterprise is aboard a ship, then it shall be deemed to be situated in the Contracting State in which the home harbour of the ship is situated, or, if there is no such home harbour, in the Contracting State of which the operator of the ship is a resident.
(3) The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency.
Article 9
ASSOCIATED ENTERPRISES
(1) Where
a) an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or
b) the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State,
and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.
(2) Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of the State - and taxes accordingly - profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other State may make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall if necessary consult each other.
Article 10
DIVIDENDS
(1) Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
(2) However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 5 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this limitation.
This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.
(3) The term “dividends“ as used in this Article means income from shares, mining shares, founders’ shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.
(4) The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
(5) Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the company’s undistributed profits to a tax on the company’s undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.
Article 11
INTEREST
(1) Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
(2) However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises, and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the interest is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 5 per cent of the gross amount of the interest. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this limitation.
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2,
a) interest arising in Slovenia and paid to the Government of Romania, including its local authorities or administrative - territorial units, the National Bank of Romania, the Banca de Export-Import a Romaniei - S.A. (Eximbank) and interest paid in consideration of a loan guaranteed by the Banca de Export-Import a Romaniei - S.A. (Eximbank) shall be exempt from Slovenian tax;
b) interest arising in Romania and paid to the Government of Slovenia, including its political subdivisions or local authorities, the Bank of Slovenia, the Slovene Export Company (Slovenska Izvozna Družba) or interest paid in consideration of a loan guaranteed by the Slovene Export Company (Slovenska Izvozna Družba) shall be exempt from Romanian tax.
(4) The term “interest“ as used in this Article means income from debt claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor’s profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures. Penalty charges for late payment shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this Article.
(5) The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
(6) Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
(7) Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
Article 12
ROYALTIES
(1) Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
(2) However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the royalties is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 5 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this limitation.
(3) The term “royalties“ as used in this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematograph films, any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for the use or for the right to use of any industrial, commercial or scientific equipment, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience.
(4) The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
(5) Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the liability to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
(6) Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
Article 13
CAPITAL GAINS
(1) Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
(2) Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base, may be taxed in that other State.
(3) Gains from the alienation of ships, aircraft, railway or road vehicles operated in international traffic, or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships, aircraft, railway or road vehicles shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
(4) Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of shares or comparable interests in a company, the assets of which consist wholly of immovable property situated in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.
(5) Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1 to 4 shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.
Article 14
INDEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES
(1) Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that State unless he has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities. If he has such a fixed base, the income may be taxed in the other State but only so much of it as is attributable to that fixed base.
(2) The term “professional services“ includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.
Article 15
DEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES
(1) Subject to the provisions of Articles 16, 18, 19, 20 and 21, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:
a) the recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve months period commencing or ending in the calendar year concerned; and
b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State, and
c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.
(3) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship, aircraft, railway or road vehicle operated in international traffic may be taxed in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
Article 16
DIRECTORS’ FEES
Directors’ fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
Article 17
ARTISTES AND SPORTSMEN
(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsman, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.
(2) Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsman in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsman himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7, 14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsman are exercised.
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, however, income derived from personal activities by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity of a performer or sportsman shall be taxable only in the first - mentioned Contracting State if the activities have been performed in the other Contracting State within the scope of cultural or sports exchange program approved by both Contracting States.
Article 18
PENSIONS AND ANNUITIES
(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 19, pensions, annuities and other similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting State in consideration of past employment shall be taxable only in that State.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article pensions and other similar payments made under the social security legislation of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State.
(3) The term “annuity” means a stated sum payable periodically at stated times during life or during a specified or ascertainable period of time under a commitment with an obligation to make the payments in return for adequate and full consideration in money or money`s worth.
Article 19
GOVERNMENT SERVICE
(1) a) Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State, its political subdivisions or local authorities (in the case of Slovenia) and its local authorities or administrative - territorial units (in the case of Romania) thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or political subdivision or authority or unit shall be taxable only in that State.
b) However, such salaries, wages and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who:
(i) is a national of that State; or
(ii) did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.
(2) a) Any pension paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State, its political subdivisions or local authorities (in the case of Slovenia) and its local authorities or administrative - territorial units (in the case of Romania) thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or political subdivision or authority or unit shall be taxable only in that State.
b) However, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that State.
(3) The provisions of Articles 15, 16, 17 and 18 shall apply to salaries, wages and other similar remuneration and to pensions, in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State, its political subdivisions or local authorities (in the case of Slovenia) and its local authorities or administrative - territorial units (in the case of Romania) thereof.
Article 20
PROFESSORS AND RESEARCHERS
(1) An individual who is or was a resident of a Contracting State immediatly before making a visit to the other Contracting State and who, at the invitation of any university, college, school or other similar non - profitable educational institution, which is recognised by the Government of that other Contracting State, is present in that other Contracting State for a period not exceeding 2 years from the date of his first arrival in that other Contracting State, solely for the purpose of teaching or research or both, at such educational institution shall be exempt from tax in that other Contracting State on his remuneration for teaching or research.
(2) The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to income from research if such research is undertaken not in the public interest but for the private benefit of a specific person or persons.
Article 21
STUDENTS AND BUSINESS APPRENTICES
(1) Payments which a student or business apprentice who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that State.
(2) A student at a university or other institution for higher education in a Contracting State, or an apprentice or business, technical, agricultural or forestry trainee, who is or was immediately before visiting the other Contracting State a resident of the first-mentioned State and who is present in the other Contracting State for a continuous period not exceding 5 years, shall not be taxed in that other State in respect of remuneration for services rendered in that State, provided that the services are in connection with studies or training and the renumeration constitutes earnings necessary for his maintenance.
Article 22
OTHER INCOME
(1) Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.
(2) The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14 as the case may be, shall apply.
Article 23
CAPITAL
(1) Capital represented by immovable property referred to in Article 6, owned by a resident of a Contracting State and situated in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.
(2) Capital represented by movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or by movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, may be taxed in that other State.
(3) Capital represented by ships, aircraft, railway and road vehicles operated in international traffic, and by movable property pertaining to the operation of such means of transport shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
(4) All other elements of capital of a resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State.
Article 24
ELIMINATION OF DOUBLE TAXATION
Double taxation shall be eliminated as follows:
(1) In Slovenia:
a) Where a resident of Slovenia derives income or owns capital which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, may be taxed in Romania, Slovenia shall allow:
i) as a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident, an amount equal to the income tax paid in Romania;
ii) as a deduction from the tax on the capital of that resident, an amount equal to the capital tax paid in Romania.
Such deduction in either case shall not, however, exceed that part of the income tax or capital tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable, as the case may be, to the income or the capital which may be taxed in Romania.
b) Where in accordance with any provision of the Convention income derived or capital owned by a resident of Slovenia is exempt from tax in Slovenia, Slovenia may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income or capital of such resident, take into account the exempted income or capital.
(2) In Romania:
Where a resident of Romania derives income or owns capital which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention may be taxed in Slovania, Romania shall allow:
i) as a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident, an amount equal to the income tax paid in Slovenia;
ii) as a deduction from the tax on the capital of that resident, an amount equal to the capital tax paid in Slovenia.
Such deduction in either case shall not, however, exceed that part of the income tax or capital tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable, as the case may be, to the income or the capital which may be taxed in Slovenia.
Article 25
NON-DISCRIMINATION
(1) Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
(2) The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.
(3) Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 9, paragraph 7 of Article 11, or paragraph 6 of Article 12 apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State. Similarly, any debts of an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable capital of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been contracted to a resident of the first-mentioned State.
(4) Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.
(5) The provisions of this Article shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2, apply to taxes of every kind and description.
Article 26
MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURE
(1) Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of Article 25 to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Convention.
(2) The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Convention. Any agreement reached shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of the Contracting States.
(3) The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Convention. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Convention.
(4) The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs. When it seems advisable in order to reach agreement to have an oral exchange of opinions, such exchange may take place through a Commission consisting of representatives of the competent authorities of the Contracting States.
Article 27
EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION
(1) The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Convention or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the Convention insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Convention. The exchange of information is not restricted by Article 1. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) involved in the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by the Convention. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.
(2) In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:
a) to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;
b) to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;
c) to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).
Article 28
MEMBERS OF DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS AND CONSULAR POSTS
Nothing in this Convention shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of diplomatic missions and consular posts under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.
Article 29
ENTRY INTO FORCE
(1) This Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day of the latter of the notification through which the Contracting States shall notify to each other that the domestic requirements for the entry into force of this Convention have been complied with and its provisions shall have effect:
(i) in respect of taxes withheld at source to the income derived on or after the first day of January in the calendar year next following the year in which the Convention enters into force; and
(ii) in respect of other taxes on profit, income and on capital derived on or after the first day of January in the calendar year next following the year in which the Convention enters into force.
(2) The Convention between the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Socialist Republic of Romania for the Avoidance of Double Taxation with Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital signed at Beograd on 29th April 1986 shall cease to have effect in relation between the Republic of Slovenia and Romania as regards the taxes to which this Convention applies in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1.
Article 30
TERMINATION
This Convention shall remain in force indifinitely, but either Contracting State may terminate the Convention after five years from the date on which the Convention enters into force provided that at least six months prior a written notice of termination has been given through diplomatic channels. In such event, this Convention shall cease to have effect:
(i) in respect of taxes withheld at source to the income derived on or after the first day of January in the calendar year next following the year in which the notice of termination is given; and
(ii) in respect of other taxes on profit, income and on capital derived on or after the first day of January in the calendar year next following the year in which the notice of termination is given.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Convention.
DONE in duplicate, at Bucharest this 8th day of July 2002, each in the Slovenian, Romanian and English languages, all the texts being equally authentic. In case of divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.
FOR THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
Dr Dimitrij Rupel, (s)
FOR ROMANIA
Mircea Geoana, (s)
3. člen
Za izvajanje konvencije skrbi Ministrstvo za finance.
4. člen
Ta zakon začne veljati naslednji dan po objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije – Mednarodne pogodbe.
Št. 432-01/02-23/1
Ljubljana, dne 25. oktobra 2002
Predsednik
Državnega zbora
Republike Slovenije
Borut Pahor l. r.
* Besedilo konvencije v romunskem jeziku je na vpogled v Sektorju za mednarodnopravne zadeve Ministrstva za zunanje zadeve.
