Na podlagi druge alinee prvega odstavka 107. člena in prvega odstavka 91. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije izdajam
U K A Z
O RAZGLASITVI ZAKONA O RATIFIKACIJI KONVENCIJE O JEDRSKI VARNOSTI (MKJV)
Razglašam Zakon o ratifikaciji Konvencije o jedrski varnosti (MKJV), ki ga je sprejel Državni zbor Republike Slovenije na seji dne 1. oktobra 1996.
Št. 001-22-93/96
Ljubljana, dne 9. oktobra 1996
Predsednik
Republike Slovenije
Milan Kučan l. r.
Z A K O N
O RATIFIKACIJI KONVENCIJE O JEDRSKI VARNOSTI (MKJV)
1. člen
Ratificira se Konvencija o jedrski varnosti, ki je bila podpisana 20. septembra 1994 na Dunaju v angleškem, arabskem, francoskem, kitajskem, ruskem in španskem jeziku.
2. člen
Besedilo konvencije se v angleškem izvirniku in slovenskem prevodu glasi:
C O N V E N T I O N
ON NUCLEAR SAFETY
PREAMBLE
THE CONTRACTING PARTIES
(i) Aware of the importance to the international community of ensuring that the use of nuclear energy is safe, well regulated and environmentally sound;
(ii) Reaffirming the necessity of continuing to promote a high level of nuclear safety worldwide;
(iii) Reaffirming that responsibility for nuclear safety rests with the State having jurisdiction over a nuclear installation;
(iv) Desiring to promote an effective nuclear safety culture;
(v) Aware that accidents at nuclear installations have the potential for transboundary impacts;
(vi) Keeping in mind the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (1979), the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (1986), and the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (1986);
(vii) Affirming the importance of international co-operation for the enhancement of nuclear safety through existing bilateral and multilateral mechanisms and the establishment of this incentive Convention;
(viii) Recognizing that this Convention entails a commitment to the application of fundamental safety principles for nuclear installations rather than of detailed safety standards and that there are internationally formulated safety guidelines which are updated from time to time and so can provide guidance on contemporary means of achieving a high level of safety;
(ix) Affirming the need to begin promptly the development of an international convention on the safety of radioactive waste management as soon as the ongoing process to develop waste management safety fundamentals has resulted in broad international agreement;
(x) Recognizing the usefulness of further technical work in connection with the safety of other parts of the nuclear fuel cycle, and that this work may, in time, facilitate the development of current or future international instruments;
HAVE AGREED as follows:
CHAPTER 1. OBJECTIVES, DEFINITIONS AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION
ARTICLE 1
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this Convention are:
(i) to achieve and maintain a high level of nuclear safety worldwide through the enhancement of national measures and international co-operation including, where appropriate, safety-related technical co-operation;
(ii) to establish and maintain effective defences in nuclear installations against potential radiological hazards in order to protect individuals, society and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation from such installations;
(iii) to prevent accidents with radiological consequences and to mitigate such consequences should they occur.
ARTICLE 2
DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Convention:
(i) ”nuclear installation” means for each Contracting Party any land-based civil nuclear power plant under its jurisdiction including such storage, handling and treatment facilities for radioactive materials as are on the same site and are directly related to the operation of the nuclear power plant. Such a plant ceases to be a nuclear installation when all nuclear fuel elements have been removed permanently from the reactor core and have been stored safely in accordance with approved procedures, and a decommissioning programme has been agreed to by the regulatory body.
(ii) “regulatory body” means for each Contracting Party any body or bodies given the legal authority by that Contracting Party to grant licences and to regulate the siting, design, construction, commissioning, operation or decommissioning of nuclear installations.
(iii) “licence” means any authorization granted by the regulatory body to the applicant to have the responsibility for the siting, design, construction, commissioning, operation or decommissioning of a nuclear installation.
ARTICLE 3
SCOPE OF APPLICATION
This Convention shall apply to the safety of nuclear installations.
CHAPTER 2. OBLIGATIONS
(a) General Provisions
ARTICLE 4
IMPLEMENTING MEASURES
Each Contracting Party shall take, within the framework of its national law, the legislative, regulatory and administrative measures and other steps necessary for implementing its obligations under this Convention.
ARTICLE 5
REPORTING
Each Contracting Party shall submit for review, prior to each meeting referred to in Article 20, a report on the measures it has taken to implement each of the obligations of this Convention
ARTICLE 6
EXISTING NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that the safety of nuclear installations existing at the time the Convention enters into force for that Contracting Party is reviewed as soon as possible. When necessary in the context of this Convention, the Contracting Party shall ensure that all reasonably practicable improvements are made as a matter of urgency to upgrade the safety of the nuclear installation. If such upgrading cannot be achieved, plans should be implemented to shut down the nuclear installation as soon as practically possible. The timing of the shut-down may take into account the whole energy context and possible alternatives as well as the social, environmental and economic impact.
(b) Legislation and regulation
ARTICLE 7
LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
1. Each Contracting Party shall establish and maintain a legislative and regulatory framework to govern the safety of nuclear installations.
2. The legislative and regulatory framework shall provide for:
(i) the establishment of applicable national safety requirements and regulations;
(ii) a system of licensing with regard to nuclear installations and the prohibition of the operation of a nuclear installation without a licence:
(iii) a system of regulatory inspection and assessment of nuclear installations to ascertain compliance with applicable regulations and the terms of licences;
(iv) the enforcement of applicable regulations and of the terms of licences, including suspension, modification or revocation.
ARTICLE 8
REGULATORY BODY
1. Each Contracting Party shall establish or designate a regulatory body entrusted with the implementation of the legislative and regulatory framework referred to in Article 7, and provided with adequate authority, competence and financial and human resources to fulfil its assigned responsibilities.
2. Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure an effective separation between the functions of the regulatory body and those of any other body or organization concerned with the promotion or utilization of nuclear energy.
ARTICLE 9
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE LICENCE HOLDER
Each Contracting Party shall ensure that prime responsibility for the safety of a nuclear installation rests with the holder of the relevant licence and shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that each such licence holder meets its responsibility.
(c) General Safety Considerations
ARTICLE 10
PRIORITY TO SAFETY
Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that all organizations engaged in activities directly related to nuclear installations shall establish policies that give due priority to nuclear safety.
ARTICLE 11
FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES
1. Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that adequate financial resources are available to support the safety of each nuclear installation throughout its life.
2. Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that sufficient numbers of qualified staff with appropriate education, training and retraining are available for all safety-related activities in or for each nuclear installation, throughout its life.
ARTICLE 12
HUMAN FACTORS
Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that the capabilities and limitations of human performance are taken into account throughout the life of a nuclear installation.
ARTICLE 13
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that quality assurance programmes are established and implemented with a view to providing confidence that specified requirements for all activities important to nuclear safety are satisfied throughout the life of a nuclear installation.
ARTICLE 14
ASSESSMENT AND VERIFICATION OF SAFETY
Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that:
(i) comprehensive and systematic safety assessments are carried out before the construction and commissioning of a nuclear installation and throughout its life. Such assessments shall be well documented, subsequently updated in the light of operating experience and significant new safety information, and reviewed under the authority of the regulatory body;
(ii) verification by analysis, surveillance, testing and inspection is carried out to ensure that the physical state and the operation of a nuclear installation continue to be in accordance with its design, applicable national safety requirements, and operational limits and conditions.
ARTICLE 15
RADIATION PROTECTION
Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that in all operational states the radiation exposure to the workers and the public caused by a nuclear installation shall be kept as low as reasonably achievable and that no individual shall be exposed to radiation doses which exceed prescribed national dose limits.
ARTICLE 16
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
1. Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that there are on-site and off-site emergency plans that are routinely tested for nuclear installations and cover the activities to be carried out in the event of an emergency. For any new nuclear installation, such plans shall be prepared and tested before it commences operation above a low power level agreed by the regulatory body.
2. Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that, insofar as they are likely to be affected by a radiological emergency, its own population and the competent authorities of the States in the vicinity of the nuclear installation are provided with appropriate information for emergency planning and response.
3. Contracting Parties which do not have a nuclear installation on their territory, insofar as they are likely to be affected in the event of a radiological emergency at a nuclear installation in the vicinity, shall take the appropriate steps for the preparation and testing of emergency plans for their territory that cover the activities to be carried out in the event of such an emergency.
(d) Safety of Installations
ARTICLE 17
SITING
Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that appropriate procedures are established and implemented:
(i) for evaluating all relevant site-related factors likely to affect the safety of a nuclear installation for its projected lifetime;
(ii) for evaluating the likely safety impact of a proposed nuclear installation on individuals, society and the environment;
(iii) for re-evaluating as necessary all relevant factors referred to in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) so as to ensure the continued safety acceptability of the nuclear installation;
(iv) for consulting Contracting Parties in the vicinity of a proposed nuclear installation, insofar as they are likely to be affected by that installation and, upon request providing the necessary information to such Contracting Parties, in order to enable them to evaluate and make their own assessment of the likely safety impact on their own territory of the nuclear installation.
ARTICLE 18
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that:
(i) the design and construction of a nuclear installation provides for several reliable levels and methods of protection (defense in depth) against the release of radioactive materials, with a view to preventing the occurrence of accidents and to mitigating their radiological consequences should they occur;
(ii) the technologies incorporated in the design and construction of a nuclear installation are proven by experience or qualified by testing or analysis;
(iii) the design of a nuclear installation allows for reliable, stable and easily manageable operation, with specific consideration of human factors and the man-machine interface.
ARTICLE 19
OPERATION
Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that:
(i) the initial authorization to operate a nuclear installation is based upon an appropriate safety analysis and a commissioning programme demonstrating that the installation, as constructed, is consistent with design and safety requirements;
(ii) operational limits and conditions derived from the safety analysis, tests and operational experience are defined and revised as necessary for identifying safe boundaries for operation;
(iii) operation, maintenance, inspection and testing of a nuclear installation are conducted in accordance with approved procedures;
(iv) procedures are established for responding to anticipated operational occurrences and to accidents;
(v) necessary engineering and technical support in all safety-related fields is available throughout the lifetime of a nuclear installation;
(vi) incidents significant to safety are reported in a timely manner by the holder of the relevant licence to the regulatory body;
(vii) programmes to collect and analyse operating experience are established, the results obtained and the conclusions drawn are acted upon and that existing mechanisms are used to share important experience with international bodies and with other operating organizations and regulatory bodies;
(viii) the generation of radioactive waste resulting from the operation of a nuclear installation is kept to the minimum practicable for the process concerned, both in activity and in volume, and any necessary treatment and storage of spent fuel and waste directly related to the operation and on the same site as that of the nuclear installation take into consideration conditioning and disposal.
CHAPTER 3. MEETINGS OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES
ARTICLE 20
REVIEW MEETINGS
1. The Contracting Parties shall hold meetings (hereinafter referred to as “review meetings”) for the purpose of reviewing the reports submitted pursuant to Article 5 in accordance with the procedures adopted under Article 22.
2. Subject to the provisions of Article 24 sub-groups comprised of representatives of Contracting Parties may be established and may function during the review meetings as deemed necessary for the purpose of reviewing specific subjects contained in the reports.
3. Each Contracting Party shall have a reasonable opportunity to discuss the reports submitted by other Contracting Parties and to seek clarification of such reports.
ARTICLE 21
TIMETABLE
1. A preparatory meeting of the Contracting Parties shall be held not later than six months after the date of entry into force of this Convention.
2. At this preparatory meeting, the Contracting Parties shall determine the date for the first review meeting. This review meeting shall be held as soon as possible, but not later than thirty months after the date of entry into force of this Convention.
3. At each review meeting, the Contracting Parties shall determine the date for the next such meeting. The interval between review meetings shall not exceed three years.
ARTICLE 22
PROCEDURAL ARRANGEMENTS
1. At the preparatory meeting held pursuant to Article 21 the Contracting Parties shall prepare and adopt by consensus Rules of Procedure and Financial Rules. The Contracting Parties shall establish in particular and in accordance with the Rules of Procedure:
(i) guidelines regarding the form and structure of the reports to be submitted pursuant to Article 5;
(ii) a date for the submission of such reports;
(iii) the process for reviewing such reports.
2. At review meetings the Contracting Parties may, if necessary, review the arrangements established pursuant to sub-paragraphs (i)-(iii) above, and adopt revisions by consensus unless otherwise provided for in the Rules of Procedure. They may also amend the Rules of Procedure and the Financial Rules, by consensus.
ARTICLE 23
EXTRAORDINARY MEETINGS
An extraordinary meeting of the Contracting Parties shall be held:
(i) if so agreed by a majority of the Contracting Parties present and voting at a meeting, abstentions being considered as voting; or
(ii) at the written request of a Contracting Party, within six months of this request having been communicated to the Contracting Parties and notification having been received by the secretariat referred to in Article 28, that the request has been supported by a majority of the Contracting Parties.
ARTICLE 24
ATTENDANCE
1. Each Contracting Party shall attend meetings of the Contracting Parties and be represented at such meetings by one delegate, and by such alternates, experts and advisers as it deems necessary.
2. The Contracting Parties may invite, by consensus, any intergovernmental organization which is competent in respect of matters governed by this Convention to attend, as an observer, any meeting, or specific sessions thereof. Observers shall be required to accept in writing, and in advance, the provisions of Article 27.
ARTICLE 25
SUMMARY REPORTS
The Contracting Parties shall adopt, by consensus, and make available to the public a document addressing issues discussed and conclusions reached during a meeting.
ARTICLE 26
LANGUAGES
1. The languages of meetings of the Contracting Parties shall be Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish unless otherwise provided in the Rules of Procedure.
2. Reports submitted pursuant to Article 5 shall be prepared in the national language of the submitting Contracting Party or in a single designated language to be agreed in the Rules of Procedure. Should the report be submitted in a national language other than the designated language, a translation of the report into the designated language shall be provided by the Contracting Party.
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, if compensated, the secretariat will assume the translation into the designated language of reports submitted in any other language of the meeting.
ARTICLE 27
CONFIDENTIALITY
1. The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the rights and obligations of the Contracting Parties under their law to protect information from disclosure. For the purposes of this Article, “information” includes, inter alia, (i) personal data; (ii) information protected by intellectual property rights or by industrial or commercial confidentiality; and (iii) information relating to national security or to the physical protection of nuclear materials or nuclear installations.
2. When, in the context of this Convention, a Contracting Party provides information identified by it as protected as described in paragraph 1, such information shall be used only for the purposes for which it has been provided and its confidentiality shall be respected.
3. The content of the debates during the reviewing of the reports by the Contracting Parties at each meeting shall be confidential.
ARTICLE 28
SECRETARIAT
1. The International Atomic Energy Agency, (hereinafter referred to as the “Agency”) shall provide the secretariat for the meetings of the Contracting Parties.
2. The secretariat shall:
(i) convene, prepare and service the meetings of the Contracting Parties;
(ii) transmit to the Contracting Parties information received or prepared in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.
The costs incurred by the Agency in carrying out the functions referred to in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) above shall be borne by the Agency as part of its regular budget.
3. The Contracting Parties may, by consensus, request the Agency to provide other services in support of meetings of the Contracting Parties. The Agency may provide such services if they can be undertaken within its programme and regular budget. Should this not be possible, the Agency may provide such services if voluntary funding is provided from another source.
CHAPTER 4. FINAL CLAUSES AND OTHER PROVISIONS
ARTICLE 29
RESOLUTION OF DISAGREEMENTS
In the event of a disagreement between two or more Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention, the Contracting Parties shall consult within the framework of a meeting of the Contracting Parties with a view to resolving the disagreement.
ARTICLE 30
SIGNATURE, RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE, APPROVAL, ACCESSION
1. This Convention shall be open for signature by all States at the Headquarters of the Agency in Vienna from 20 September 1994 until its entry into force.
2. This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the signatory States.
3. After its entry into force, this Convention shall be open for accession by all States.
4. (i) This Convention shall be open for signature or accession by regional organizations of an integration or other nature, provided that any such organization is constituted by sovereign States and has competence in respect of the negotiation, conclusion and application of international agreements in matters covered by this Convention.
(ii) In matters within their competence, such organizations shall, on their own behalf, exercise the rights and fulfil the responsibilities which this Convention attributes to States Parties.
(iii) When becoming party to this Convention, such an organization shall communicate to the Depositary referred to in Article 34, a declaration indicating which States are members thereof, which articles of this Convention apply to it, and the extent of its competence in the field covered by those articles.
(iv) Such an organization shall not hold any vote additional to those of its Member States.
5. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Depositary.
ARTICLE 31
ENTRY INTO FORCE
1. This Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit with the Depositary of the twenty- second instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval, including the instruments of seventeen States, each having at least one nuclear installation which has achieved criticality in a reactor core.
2. For each State or regional organization of an integration of other nature which ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to this Convention after the date of deposit of the last instrument required to satisfy the conditions set forth in paragraph 1, this Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit with the Depositary of the appropriate instrument by such a State or organization.
ARTICLE 32
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONVENTION
1. Any Contracting party may propose an amendment to this Convention. Proposed amendments shall be considered at a review meeting or an extraordinary meeting.
2. The text of any proposed amendment and the reasons for it shall be provided to the Depositary who shall communicate the proposal to the Contracting Parties promptly and at least ninety days before the meeting for which it is submitted for consideration. Any comments received on such a proposal shall be circulated by the Depositary to the Contracting Parties.
3. The Contracting Parties shall decide after consideration of the proposed amendment whether to adopt it by consensus, or, in the absence of consensus, to submit it to a Diplomatic Conference. A decision to submit a proposed amendment to a Diplomatic Conference shall require a two-thirds majority vote of the Contracting parties present and voting at the meeting, provided that at least one half of the Contracting Parties are present at the time of voting. Abstentions shall be considered as voting.
4. The Diplomatic Conference to consider and adopt amendments to this Convention shall be convened by the Depositary and held no later than one year after the appropriate decision taken in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article. The Diplomatic Conference shall make every effort to ensure amendments are adopted by consensus. Should this not be possible, amendments shall be adopted with a two-thirds majority of all Contracting Parties.
5. Amendments to this Convention adopted pursuant to paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall be subject to ratification, acceptance, approval, or confirmation by the Contracting Parties and shall enter into force for those Contracting Parties which have ratified, accepted, approved or confirmed them on the ninetieth day after the receipt by the Depositary of the relevant instruments by at least three fourths of the Contracting Parties. For a Contracting Party which subsequently ratifies, accepts, approves or confirms the said amendments, the amendments will enter into force on the ninetieth day after that Contracting Party has deposited its relevant instrument.
ARTICLE 33
DENUNCIATION
1. Any Contracting Party may denounce this Convention by written notification to the Depositary.
2. Denunciation shall take effect one year following the date of the receipt of the notification by the Depositary, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification.
ARTICLE 34
DEPOSITARY
1. The Director General of the Agency shall be the Depositary of this Convention.
2. The Depositary shall inform the Contracting Parties of:
(i) the signature of this Convention and of the deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, in accordance with Article 30;
(ii) the date on which the Convention enters into force, in accordance with Article 31;
(iii) the notifications of denunciation of the Convention and the date thereof, made in accordance with Article 33;
(iv) the proposed amendments to this Convention submitted by Contracting Parties, the amendments adopted by the relevant Diplomatic Conference or by the meeting of the Contracting Parties, and the date of entry into force of the said amendments, in accordance with Article 32.
ARTICLE 35
AUTHENTIC TEXTS
The original of this Convention of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Depositary, who shall send certified copies thereof to the Contracting Parties.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this convention.
Done at Vienna on the 20th day of September 1994.
K O N V E N C I J A
O JEDRSKI VARNOSTI
UVOD
POGODBENICE
(i) se zavedajo pomembnosti, ki jo ima za mednarodno skupnost zagotovilo, da je uporaba jedrske energije varna, dobro pravno urejena ter okolju primerna;
(ii) ponovno potrjujejo potrebo po nadaljevanju pospeševanja visoke stopnje jedrske varnosti po vsem svetu;
(iii) ponovno potrjujejo, da je za jedrsko varnost odgovorna država, ki ima jurisdikcijo nad jedrskim objektom;
(iv) želijo pospeševati učinkovito kulturo jedrske varnosti;
(v) se zavedajo, da nesreče na jedrskih objektih lahko vplivajo čezmejno;
(vi) upoštevajo Konvencijo o fizičnem varovanju jedrskega materiala (1979), Konvencijo o zgodnjem obveščanju o jedrskih nesrečah (1986) ter Konvencijo o pomoči v primeru jedrskih nesreč ali radiološke nevarnosti (1986);
(vii) potrjujejo pomembnost mednarodnega sodelovanja za povečanje jedrske varnosti z obstoječimi dvostranskimi in mnogostranskimi mehanizmi ter ustanovitvijo te spodbudne konvencije;
(viii) priznavajo, da ta konvencija vsebuje obvezo za uporabo temeljnih varnostnih načel za jedrske objekte in ne toliko podrobnih varnostnih standardov ter da obstajajo mednarodno izoblikovane varnostne smernice, ki se od časa do časa posodabljajo, da lahko tako usmerjajo sodoben način doseganja visoke varnostne ravni;
(ix) potrjujejo potrebo po takojšnjem začetku priprave mednarodne konvencije o varnosti ravnanja z radioaktivnimi odpadki takoj, ko se bo sedanji proces priprave temeljnih varnostnih smernic za ravnanje z radioaktivnimi odpadki zaključil s širokim mednarodnim sporazumom;
(x) priznavajo koristnost nadaljnjega tehničnega dela v zvezi z varnostjo drugih delov jedrskega gorivnega kroga in da to delo lahko sčasoma olajša razvoj obstoječih ali prihodnjih mednarodnih instrumentov in
SO SE ZATO DOGOVORILE, kot sledi:
I. POGLAVJE: CILJI, OPREDELITEV POJMOV IN PODROČJE UPORABE
1. člen
CILJI
Cilji te konvencije so:
(i) doseči in vzdrževati visoko raven jedrske varnosti po vsem svetu s krepitvijo državnih ukrepov ter mednarodnega sodelovanja skupaj s tehničnim sodelovanjem, povezanim z varnostjo, kjer je to primerno;
(ii) vzpostaviti in vzdrževati učinkovite obrambne mehanizme v jedrskih objektih proti možnim radiološkim nevarnostim, da bi pred škodljivimi učinki ionizirajočega sevanja iz takih objektov zaščitili tako posameznike kot družbo in okolje;
(iii) preprečevati nesreče z radiološkimi posledicami in ublažiti take posledice, če bi do njih prišlo.
2. člen
OPREDELITEV POJMOV
Za namen te konvencije:
(i) “jedrski objekt” pomeni za vsako pogodbenico kakršno koli kopensko civilno jedrsko elektrarno pod njeno jurisdikcijo, vključno z napravami za shranjevanje, ravnanje in obdelavo radioaktivnih snovi, ki so na isti lokaciji in so neposredno povezane z obratovanjem jedrske elektrarne. Taka elektrarna preneha biti jedrski objekt, ko se vsi jedrski gorivni elementi trajno odstranijo iz reaktorske sredice in se varno shranijo v skladu z odobrenimi postopki ter ko upravni organ odobri program za razgradnjo objekta;
(ii) “upravni organ” pomeni za vsako pogodbenico kateri koli organ ali organe, ki jih je ta pogodbenica pravno pooblastila, da izdajajo dovoljenja in urejajo izbiro lokacije, projektiranje, gradnjo, prevzemanje, obratovanje ali razgradnjo jedrskih objektov;
(iii) “dovoljenje” pomeni katero koli dovoljenje, ki ga izda upravni organ prosilcu, da je odgovoren za izbiro lokacije, projektiranje, gradnjo, prevzemanje, obratovanje ali razgradnjo jedrskega objekta.
3. člen
PODROČJE UPORABE
Ta konvencija se nanaša na varnost jedrskih objektov.
II. POGLAVJE: OBVEZNOSTI
(a) Splošne določbe
4. člen
UKREPI ZA IZVAJANJE
Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme v okviru svojega notranjega prava zakone, predpise ter upravne in druge ukrepe, ki so potrebni za izvajanje njenih obveznosti po tej konvenciji.
5. člen
POROČANJE
Vsaka pogodbenica pred vsakim zasedanjem, omenjenim v 20. členu, predloži v pregled poročilo o ukrepih, ki jih je sprejela za izvajanje vsake obveznosti te konvencije.
6. člen
OBSTOJEČI JEDRSKI OBJEKTI
Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi, da bo varnost jedrskih objektov, obstoječih ob začetku veljavnosti konvencije za to pogodbenico, čim prej pregledana. Pogodbenica zagotovi, da se nujno opravijo vse razumno mogoče izboljšave za povečanje varnosti jedrskega objekta, kadar je to potrebno v smislu te konvencije. Če takega povečanja varnosti ni mogoče doseči, bi se morali izvesti načrti za ustavitev jedrskega objekta tako hitro, kot je to praktično mogoče. Pri določitvi časa ustavitve se lahko upoštevajo celotno energetsko stanje in možne alternative kakor tudi socialni, okoljski in gospodarski vpliv.
(b) Zakonodaja in urejanje s predpisi
7. člen
ZAKONSKI IN PREDPISNI OKVIR
1. Vsaka pogodbenica vzpostavi in vzdržuje zakonski in predpisni okvir za urejanje varnosti jedrskih objektov.
2. Zakonski in predpisni okvir zagotavlja:
(i) določitev primernih državnih varnostnih zahtev in predpisov,
(ii) sistem izdajanja dovoljenj za jedrske objekte in prepoved obratovanja jedrskega objekta brez dovoljenja,
(iii) sistem upravne inšpekcije in ocenjevanja jedrskih objektov zaradi preverjanja skladnosti z ustreznimi predpisi in pogoji dovoljenj,
(iv) uveljavljanje ustreznih predpisov in pogojev dovoljenj, vključno z začasnim odvzemom, spremembo ali preklicem.
8. člen
UPRAVNI ORGAN
1. Vsaka pogodbenica ustanovi ali imenuje upravni organ, ki mu bo zaupano izvrševanje zakonskega in predpisnega okvira iz 7. člena; dodeljena mu bodo primerna pooblastila, pristojnosti ter finančna sredstva in kadri za izpolnjevanje njegovih dodeljenih odgovornosti.
2. Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe za zagotovitev učinkovitega ločevanja med funkcijami upravnega organa in funkcijami katerega koli drugega organa ali organizacije, ki se ukvarja s pospeševanjem ali uporabo jedrske energije.
9. člen
ODGOVORNOST IMETNIKA DOVOLJENJA
Vsaka pogodbenica zagotavlja, da je za varnost jedrskega objekta primarno odgovoren imetnik ustreznega dovoljenja in da sprejme primerne ukrepe s katerimi zagotavlja, da vsak tak imetnik dovoljenja izpolnjuje svojo odgovornost.
(c) Splošna varnostna načela
10. člen
PREDNOST VARNOSTI
Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi, da vse organizacije, ki se ukvarjajo z dejavnostmi, ki so neposredno povezane z jedrskimi objekti, oblikujejo take usmeritve, ki dajejo potrebno prednost jedrski varnosti.
11. člen
FINANČNA SREDSTVA IN KADRI
1. Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe za zagotovitev ustreznih finančnih sredstev, ki morajo biti na voljo, da bi se podprla varnost vsakega jedrskega objekta med vso življenjsko dobo objekta.
2. Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe za zagotovitev zadostnega števila kvalificiranega osebja s primerno izobrazbo, usposabljanjem ter obnavljanjem znanja za vse z varnostjo povezane dejavnosti za vsak jedrski objekt ali v njem med vso življenjsko dobo objekta.
12. člen
ČLOVEŠKI DEJAVNIKI
Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi, da se med vso življenjsko dobo jedrskega objekta upoštevajo zmožnosti in omejitve človeškega delovanja.
13. člen
ZAGOTAVLJANJE KAKOVOSTI
Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi, da se določijo in izvajajo programi zagotavljanja kakovosti, da bi se tako lahko zanesli, da so navedene zahteve za vse dejavnosti, pomembne za jedrsko varnost, izpolnjene med celotno življenjsko dobo jedrskega objekta.
14. člen
OCENJEVANJE IN PREVERJANJE VARNOSTI
Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe za zagotovitev, da se:
(i) izvedejo celovite in sistematične varnostne ocene pred gradnjo in prevzemanjem jedrskega objekta tako kot med njegovo celotno življenjsko dobo. Take ocene morajo biti dobro dokumentirane - kasneje pa dopolnjene glede na obratovalne izkušnje in pomembne nove varnostne podatke - in pregledane v okviru pristojnosti upravnega organa;
(ii) izvede preverjanje z analizo, nadzorom, preizkušanjem in pregledom in tako zagotovi, da sta fizično stanje in obratovanje jedrskega objekta še naprej v skladu z njegovim projektom, z veljavnimi državnimi zahtevami in obratovalnimi omejitvami in pogoji.
15. člen
VARSTVO PRED SEVANJEM
Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi, da bo v vseh obratovalnih stanjih izpostavljenost delavcev in javnosti sevanju zaradi jedrskega objekta na tako nizki ravni, kot je to še razumno mogoče doseči, in da noben posameznik ne bo izpostavljen sevanju, ki presega predpisane državne dozne omejitve.
16. člen
PRIPRAVLJENOST NA IZREDNE RAZMERE
1. Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi, da za jedrske objekte obstajajo načrti za izredne razmere na lokaciji sami in zunaj nje, ki se redno preizkušajo in pokrivajo dejavnosti, ki naj se izvedejo v primeru izrednih razmer. Za vsak nov jedrski objekt se taki načrti pripravijo in preizkusijo, preden začne obratovati nad določeno nizko močjo, ki jo je odobril upravni organ.
2. Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi, da njeno lastno prebivalstvo in pristojni organi držav v bližini jedrskega objekta dobijo primerne podatke za načrtovanje in ukrepanje v primeru izrednih razmer, če bi nanje morda lahko vplivale radiološke izredne razmere.
3. Pogodbenice, ki na svojem ozemlju nimajo jedrskega objekta, in če bi nanje morda lahko vplivale radiološke izredne razmere na jedrskem objektu v bližini, sprejmejo primerne ukrepe za pripravo in preizkušanje načrtov za izredne razmere za svoje ozemlje, ki vključujejo dejavnosti, ki jih je treba izvesti ob takih izrednih razmerah.
(d) Varnost objektov
17. člen
IZBIRA LOKACIJE
Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi, da se določijo in izvedejo primerni postopki:
(i) za ovrednotenje vseh bistvenih dejavnikov v zvezi z lokacijo, ki lahko vplivajo na varnost jedrskega objekta med njegovo predvideno življenjsko dobo;
(ii) za ovrednotenje verjetnih varnostnih učinkov predlaganega jedrskega objekta na posameznike, družbo in okolje;
(iii) za ponovno ovrednotenje po potrebi vseh ustreznih dejavnikov, na katere se nanašata pododstavka (i) in (ii), da se tako zagotovi nenehna varnostna sprejemljivost jedrskega objekta;
(iv) za svetovanje pogodbenicam v bližini predlaganega jedrskega objekta, če bi tak objekt nanje morda lahko vplival, in dostavljanje potrebnih informacij takim pogodbenicam na njihovo zahtevo z namenom, da se jim omogoči, da ovrednotijo in izdelajo svoje lastne ocene o možnem varnostnem učinku jedrskega objekta na njihovo ozemlje.
18. člen
PROJEKTIRANJE IN GRADNJA
Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi, da:
(i) projekt in gradnja jedrskega objekta zagotavljata več zanesljivih ravni in metod zaščite (obramba v globino) pred izpustom radioaktivnih snovi z namenom preprečevanja nesreč ter ublažitve njihovih radioloških posledic, če bi do njih prišlo;
(ii) se tehnologije, vključene v projekt in gradnjo jedrskega objekta, preverijo na podlagi izkušenj ali kvalificirajo s preizkusi ali analizami;
(iii) dovoljuje projekt jedrskega objekta zanesljivo, stabilno in preprosto vodeno obratovanje s posebnim upoštevanjem človeških dejavnikov ter odnosa človek - stroj.
19. člen
OBRATOVANJE
Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme primerne ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi, da:
(i) začetno dovoljenje za obratovanje jedrskega objekta temelji na primerni varnostni analizi in programu prevzemanja, ki naj pokažeta, da je objekt, kot je zgrajen, skladen s projektnimi ter varnostnimi zahtevami;
(ii) se obratovalni pogoji in omejitve, ki izhajajo iz varnostne analize, iz preizkusov in obratovalnih izkušenj določijo in po potrebi revidirajo, da se ugotovijo varne meje obratovanja;
(iii) se obratovanje, vzdrževanje, pregledi in preizkušanje jedrskega objekta izvajajo v skladu z odobrenimi postopki;
(iv) se določijo postopki za odzivanje na pričakovane obratovalne dogodke ter na nesreče;
(v) se preskrbita potrebni inženiring in tehnična podpora na vseh področjih, povezanih z varnostjo med celotno življenjsko dobo objekta;
(vi) imetnik ustreznega dovoljenja pravočasno poroča upravnemu organu o nezgodah, pomembnih za varnost;
(vii) se določijo programi za zbiranje in analizo obratovalnih izkušenj, se ukrepa na podlagi tako dobljenih rezultatov in zbranih ugotovitev ter se uporabijo obstoječi mehanizmi za prenašanje pomembnih izkušenj na mednarodna telesa in druge obratovalne organizacije in upravne organe;
(viii) se nastajanje radioaktivnih odpadkov kot posledice obratovanja jedrskega objekta zadrži po aktivnosti in obsegu na najmanjši praktično možni ravni za določen proces in da se za kakršno koli potrebno obdelavo in skladiščenje izrabljenega goriva in odpadkov, ki so neposredno povezani z obratovanjem ter so na isti lokaciji kot jedrski objekt, upoštevata kondicioniranje in odlaganje.
III. POGLAVJE: SESTANKI POGODBENIC
20. člen
PREGLEDOVALNI SESTANKI
1. Pogodbenice imajo sestanke (v nadaljnjem besedilu pregledovalni sestanki) zaradi pregleda poročil, predloženih na podlagi 5. člena, v skladu s postopki, sprejetimi po 22. členu.
2. Po določbah 24. člena se lahko ustanovijo podskupine iz predstavnikov pogodbenic in lahko po potrebi med pregledovalnimi sestanki pregledujejo določene teme iz poročil.
3. Vsaka pogodbenica ima v razumni meri možnost da obravnava predložena poročila drugih pogodbenic in išče pojasnila o teh poročilih.
21. člen
ČASOVNI RAZPORED
1. Pripravljalni sestanek pogodbenic se izvede najkasneje šest mesecev po začetku veljavnosti te konvencije.
2. Na tem pripravljalnem sestanku pogodbenice določijo datum prvega pregledovalnega sestanka. Ta pregledovalni sestanek mora biti čim prej, vendar ne pozneje kot trideset mesecev po začetku veljavnosti te konvencije.
3. Na vsakem pregledovalnem sestanku pogodbenice določijo datum naslednjega takega sestanka. Razmik med pregledovalnimi sestanki ne sme biti daljši kot tri leta.
22. člen
UREDITEV POSTOPKA
1. Na pripravljalnem sestanku, ki poteka v skladu z 21. členom, pogodbenice pripravijo in sprejmejo s konsenzom poslovnik in finančna pravila. Pogodbenice posebej in v skladu s poslovnikom določijo:
(i) smernice o obliki in strukturi poročil, ki jih je treba predložiti v skladu s 5. členom,
(ii) datum predložitve takih poročil,
(iii) postopek za pregledovanje takih poročil.
2. Na pregledovalnih sestankih lahko pogodbenice, če je to potrebno, pregledajo ureditev iz (i) - (iii) pododstavka in sprejmejo s konsenzom revizije, če ni drugače predvideno s poslovnikom. Tudi poslovnik in finančna pravila lahko dopolnijo in spremenijo s konsenzom.
23. člen
IZREDNI SESTANKI
Izreden sestanek pogodbenic se izvede:
(i) če se o tem sporazume večina pogodbenic, ki so prisotne in glasujejo na sestanku, pri čemer se vzdržanost šteje kot glasovanje, ali
(ii) na pisno zahtevo pogodbenice v šestih mesecih od dneva, ko se ta zahtevek sporoči pogodbenicam in ko sekretariat, omenjen v 28. členu, prejme notifikacijo, da je večina pogodbenic podprla zahtevo.
24. člen
UDELEŽBA
1. Vsaka pogodbenica se udeleži sestankov pogodbenic, na katerih jo zastopajo delegat ter toliko namestnikov, strokovnjakov in svetovalcev, kot se ji zdi primerno.
2. Pogodbenice lahko s konsenzom povabijo katero koli medvladno organizacijo, pristojno za zadeve, urejene s to konvencijo, da se kot opazovalka udeleži katerega koli sestanka ali posebnega zasedanja takega sestanka. Opazovalke morajo pisno in vnaprej sprejeti določbe 27. člena.
25. člen
ZBIRNA POROČILA
Pogodbenice sprejmejo s konsenzom in dajo na voljo javnosti dokument, ki se nanaša na obravnavane zadeve in sprejete sklepe na sestanku.
26. člen
JEZIKI
1. Jeziki sestankov pogodbenic so angleščina, arabščina, francoščina, kitajščina, ruščina in španščina, če ni drugače določeno v poslovniku.
2. Poročila, predložena v skladu s 5. členom, se pripravijo v jeziku pogodbenice, ki ga predloži, ali pa v enem samem določenem jeziku, o katerem se je treba dogovoriti v poslovniku. Če pogodbenica predloži poročilo v svojem jeziku, ki ni določeni jezik, mora zagotoviti prevod poročila v določeni jezik.
3. Ne glede na določbe drugega odstavka bo sekretariat za plačilo prevzel prevod poročil, predloženih v katerem koli drugem jeziku sestanka, v določeni jezik.
27. člen
ZAUPNOST
1. Določbe te konvencije ne vplivajo na pravice in obveznosti pogodbenic, da v skladu s svojim pravom zavarujejo informacije pred razkritjem. Za namene tega člena obsegajo “informacije” med drugim (i) osebne podatke; (ii) informacije, zavarovane s pravicami intelektualne lastnine ali z industrijsko ali poslovno tajnostjo; in (iii) informacije, ki se nanašajo na državno varnost ali fizično zaščito jedrskih materialov ali jedrskih objektov.
2. Kadar v povezavi s to konvencijo pogodbenica preskrbi informacije, ki jih opredeli kot zavarovane po prvem odstavku, se take informacije uporabljajo samo za namene, za katere so bile dane, njihova zaupnost pa se spoštuje.
3. Vsebina razprav med pregledom poročil pogodbenic na vsakem sestanku je zaupna.
28. člen
SEKRETARIAT
1. Mednarodna agencija za atomsko energijo (v nadaljnjem besedilu Agencija) zagotovi storitve sekretariata za sestanke pogodbenic.
2. Sekretariat:
(i) sklicuje, pripravlja in oskrbuje sestanke pogodbenic,
(ii) prenaša pogodbenicam informacije, prejete ali pripravljene v skladu z določbami te konvencije.
Stroške, ki jih ima Agencija pri opravljanju nalog iz (i) in (ii) pododstavka, krije iz svojega rednega proračuna.
3. Pogodbenice lahko s konsenzom zahtevajo, da Agencija zagotovi druge storitve v podporo njihovim sestankom. Agencija lahko zagotovi take storitve, če so izvedljive v sklopu njenega programa in rednega proračuna. Če to ni možno, lahko Agencija zagotovi take storitve, če se preskrbi prostovoljno financiranje iz drugega vira.
IV. POGLAVJE: KONČNE IN DRUGE DOLOČBE
29. člen
REŠEVANJE NESOGLASIJ
V primeru nesoglasja med dvema ali več pogodbenicami v zvezi s tolmačenjem ali uporabo te konvencije se pogodbenice posvetujejo na sestanku pogodbenic z namenom, da ga razrešijo.
30. člen
PODPIS, RATIFIKACIJA, SPREJEM, ODOBRITEV, PRISTOP
1. Ta konvencija je na voljo za podpis vsem državam na sedežu Agencije na Dunaju od 20. septembra 1994 do njenega začetka veljavnosti.
2. Države podpisnice to konvencijo ratificirajo, sprejmejo ali odobrijo.
3. Po začetku njene veljavnosti bo ta konvencija na voljo za pristop vsem državam.
4. (i) Ta konvencija je na voljo za podpis ali pristop regionalnim organizacijam povezovalne ali druge narave pod pogojem, da tako organizacijo ustanovijo suverene države in da ima pristojnosti za pogajanja, sklenitev in uporabo mednarodnih sporazumov o zadevah, ki jih pokriva ta konvencija.
(ii) Take organizacije v zadevah iz svojih pristojnosti v svojem imenu uresničujejo pravice in izpolnjujejo obveznosti, ki jih ta konvencija pripisuje državam pogodbenicam.
(iii) Ko taka organizacija postane pogodbenica te konvencije, sporoči depozitarju iz 34. člena izjavo, iz katere je razvidno, katere države so njene članice, kateri členi te konvencije se nanjo nanašajo ter obseg njenih pristojnosti na področju, ki jih ti členi pokrivajo.
(iv) Taka organizacija nima dodatnega glasu poleg glasov svojih držav članic.
5. Listine o ratifikaciji, sprejemu, odobritvi ali pristopu se deponirajo pri depozitarju.
31. člen
ZAČETEK VELJAVNOSTI
1. Ta konvencija začne veljati devetdeseti dan po datumu deponiranja pri depozitarju dvaindvajsete listine o ratifikaciji, sprejemu ali odobritvi, vključno z listinami sedemnajstih držav, od katerih ima vsaka vsaj en jedrski objekt, ki je dosegel kritičnost v sredici reaktorja.
2. Za vsako državo ali regionalno organizacijo povezovalne ali druge narave, ki ratificira, sprejme, odobri to konvencijo ali k njej pristopi po dnevu deponiranja zadnje listine, potrebne, da se izpolnijo pogoji, določeni v prvem odstavku, začne ta konvencija veljati devetdeseti dan po datumu deponiranja pri depozitarju ustrezne listine take države ali organizacije.
32. člen
AMANDMAJI H KONVENCIJI
1. Vsaka pogodbenica lahko predlaga amandma k tej konvenciji. Predlagani amandmaji se obravnavajo na pregledovalnem ali izrednem sestanku.
2. Besedilo vsakega predlaganega amandmaja ter razloge zanj je treba dostaviti depozitarju, ki sporoči predlog pogodbenicam takoj in vsaj devetdeset dni pred sestankom, na katerem se bo obravnaval. Depozitar razpošlje pogodbenicam vse pripombe, prejete k takemu predlogu.
3. Pogodbenice se po obravnavi predlaganega amandmaja odločijo, da ga sprejmejo s konsenzom ali pa ga, če konsenza ni, predložijo diplomatski konferenci. Za odločitev, da se predlagani amandma predloži diplomatski konferenci, je potrebna dvotretjinska večina pogodbenic, ki so na sestanku prisotne in glasujejo, pod pogojem, da je med glasovanjem prisotna najmanj polovica pogodbenic. Vzdržanost se šteje za glasovanje.
4. Depozitar skliče diplomatsko konferenco za obravnavo in sprejem amandmajev k tej konvenciji, ki se izvede najkasneje eno leto po ustrezni odločitvi, sprejeti v skladu s tretjim odstavkom tega člena. Diplomatska konferenca si po najboljših močeh prizadeva zagotoviti, da so amandmaji sprejeti s konsenzom. Če pa to ni mogoče, se amandmaji sprejmejo z dvotretjinsko večino vseh pogodbenic.
5. Amandmaje k tej konvenciji, sprejete v skladu s 3. in 4. odstavkom, pogodbenice ratificirajo, sprejmejo, odobrijo ali potrdijo, začeli pa bodo veljati za tiste pogodbenice, ki so jih ratificirale, sprejele, odobrile ali potrdile devetdeseti dan po tem, ko je depozitar prejel ustrezne listine najmanj treh četrtin pogodbenic. Za pogodbenico, ki pozneje ratificira, sprejme, odobri ali potrdi omenjene amandmaje, bodo ti začeli veljati devetdeseti dan po deponiranju ustrezne listine te pogodbenice.
33. člen
ODPOVED
1. Vsaka pogodbenica lahko to konvencijo odpove s pisno notifikacijo depozitarju.
2. Odpoved začne veljati eno leto po datumu, ko je depozitar prejel notifikacijo, ali na tak kasnejši datum, ki je določen v notifikaciji.
34. člen
DEPOZITAR
1. Generalni direktor Agencije je depozitar te konvencije.
2. Depozitar obvesti pogodbenice o:
(i) podpisu te konvencije in o deponiranju listin o ratifikaciji, sprejemu, odobritvi ali pristopu v skladu s 30. členom,
(ii) datumu začetka veljavnosti konvencije v skladu z 31. členom,
(iii) notifikacijah o odpovedi konvencije in njihovih datumih v skladu s 33. členom,
(iv) predlaganih amandmajih k tej konvenciji, ki so jih predložile pogodbenice, o amandmajih, sprejetih na ustrezni diplomatski konferenci ali na sestanku pogodbenic, ter o datumu začetka veljavnosti omenjenih amandmajev v skladu z 32. členom.
35. člen
VERODOSTOJNA BESEDILA
Izvirnik te konvencije, katere besedila v angleščini, arabščini, francoščini, kitajščini, ruščini in španščini so enako verodostojna, je shranjen pri depozitarju, ki pošlje overjene kopije pogodbenicam.
V POTRDITEV TEGA so podpisani, za to pravilno pooblaščeni, podpisali to konvencijo.
Sestavljeno na Dunaju 20. septembra 1994.
3. člen
Za izvajanje konvencije skrbi Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor – Uprava Republike Slovenije za jedrsko varnost.
4. člen
Ta zakon začne veljati naslednji dan po objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije – Mednarodne pogodbe.
Št. 801-10/95-8/1
Ljubljana, dne 1. oktobra 1996
Predsednik
Državnega zbora
Republike Slovenije
Jožef Školč l. r.
