Na podlagi druge alinee prvega odstavka 107. člena in prvega odstavka 91. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije izdajam
U K A Z
O RAZGLASITVI ZAKONA O RATIFIKACIJI PROTOKOLA O NEDOVOLJENI PROIZVODNJI STRELNEGA OROŽJA, NJEGOVIH SESTAVNIH DELOV IN STRELIVA TER TRGOVINI Z NJIMI, KI DOPOLNJUJE KONVENCIJO ZDRUŽENIH NARODOV PROTI MEDNARODNEMU ORGANIZIRANEMU KRIMINALU (MPNOMOK)
Razglašam Zakon o ratifikaciji Protokola o nedovoljeni proizvodnji strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva ter trgovini z njimi, ki dopolnjuje Konvencijo Združenih narodov proti mednarodnemu organiziranemu kriminalu (MPNOMOK), ki ga je sprejel Državni zbor Republike Slovenije na seji 21. aprila 2004.
Št. 001-22-82/04
Ljubljana, dne 29. aprila 2004
Predsednik
Republike Slovenije
dr. Janez Drnovšek l. r.
Z A K O N
O RATIFIKACIJI PROTOKOLA O NEDOVOLJENI PROIZVODNJI STRELNEGA OROŽJA, NJEGOVIH SESTAVNIH DELOV IN STRELIVA TER TRGOVINI Z NJIMI, KI DOPOLNJUJE KONVENCIJO ZDRUŽENIH NARODOV PROTI MEDNARODNEMU ORGANIZIRANEMU KRIMINALU (MPNOMOK)
1. člen
Ratificira se Protokol o nedovoljeni proizvodnji strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva ter trgovini z njimi, ki dopolnjuje Konvencijo Združenih narodov proti mednarodnemu organiziranemu kriminalu, podpisan v New Yorku dne 15. novembra 2001.
2. člen
Besedilo protokola se v izvirniku v angleškem jeziku ter prevodu v slovenskem jeziku glasi:
P R O T O C O L
AGAINST THE ILLICIT MANUFACTURING OF AND TRAFFICKING IN FIREARMS, THEIR PARTS AND COMPONENTS AND AMMUNITION, SUPPLEMENTING THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME
Preamble
The States Parties to this Protocol,
Aware of the urgent need to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition, owing to the harmful effects of those activities on the security of each State, region and the world as a whole, endangering the well-being of peoples, their social and economic development and their right to live in peace,
Convinced, therefore, of the necessity for all States to take all appropriate measures to this end, including international cooperation and other measures at the regional and global levels,
Recalling General Assembly resolution 53/111 of 9 December 1998, in which the Assembly decided to establish an open-ended intergovernmental ad hoc committee for the purpose of elaborating a comprehensive international convention against transnational organized crime and of discussing the elaboration of, inter alia, an international instrument combating the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition,
Bearing in mind the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, as enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,
Convinced that supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime with an international instrument against the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition will be useful in preventing and combating those crimes,
Have agreed as follows:
I. General provisions
Article 1
Relation with the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
1. This Protocol supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. It shall be interpreted together with the Convention.
2. The provisions of the Convention shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to this Protocol unless otherwise provided herein.
3. The offences established in accordance with article 5 of this Protocol shall be regarded as offences established in accordance with the Convention.
Article 2
Statement of purpose
The purpose of this Protocol is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States Parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition.
Article 3
Use of terms
For the purposes of this Protocol:
(a) “Firearm” shall mean any portable barrelled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms or their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899;
(b) “Parts and components” shall mean any element or replacement element specifically designed for a firearm and essential to its operation, including a barrel, frame or receiver, slide or cylinder, bolt or breech block, and any device designed or adapted to diminish the sound caused by firing a firearm;
(c) “Ammunition” shall mean the complete round or its components, including cartridge cases, primers, propellant powder, bullets or projectiles, that are used in a firearm, provided that those components are themselves subject to authorization in the respective State Party;
(d) “Illicit manufacturing” shall mean the manufacturing or assembly of firearms, their parts and components or ammunition:
(i) From parts and components illicitly trafficked;
(ii) Without a licence or authorization from a competent authority of the State Party where the manufacture or assembly takes place; or
(iii) Without marking the firearms at the time of manufacture, in accordance with article 8 of this Protocol;
Licensing or authorization of the manufacture of parts and components shall be in accordance with domestic law;
(e) “Illicit trafficking” shall mean the import, export, acquisition, sale, delivery, movement or transfer of firearms, their parts and components and ammunition from or across the territory of one State Party to that of another State Party if any one of the States Parties conc erned does not authorize it in accordance with the terms of this Protocol or if the firearms are not marked in accordance with article 8 of this Protocol;
(f) “Tracing” shall mean the systematic tracking of firearms and, where possible, their parts and components and ammunition from manufacturer to purchaser for the purpose of assisting the competent authorities of States Parties in detecting, investigating and analysing illicit manufacturing and illicit trafficking.
Article 4
Scope of application
1. This Protocol shall apply, except as otherwise stated herein, to the prevention of illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition and to the investigation and prosecution of offences established in accordance with article 5 of this Protocol where those offences are transnational in nature and involve an organized criminal group.
2. This Protocol shall not apply to state-to-state transactions or to state transfers in cases where the application of the Protocol would prejudice the right of a State Party to take action in the interest of national security consistent with the Charter of the United Nations.
Article 5
Criminalization
1. Each State Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences the following conduct, when committed intentionally:
(a) Illicit manufacturing of firearms, their parts and components and ammunition;
(b) Illicit trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition;
(c) Falsifying or illicitly obliterating, removing or altering the marking(s) on firearms required by article 8 of this Protocol.
2. Each State Party shall also adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences the following conduct:
(a) Subject to the basic concepts of its legal system, attempting to commit or participating as an accomplice in an offence established in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article; and
(b) Organizing, directing, aiding, abetting, facilitating or counselling the commission of an offence established in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article.
Article 6
Confiscation, seizure and disposal
1. Without prejudice to article 12 of the Convention, States Parties shall adopt, to the greatest extent possible within their domestic legal systems, such measures as may be necessary to enable confiscation of firearms, their parts and components and ammunition that have been illicitly manufactured or trafficked.
2. States Parties shall adopt, within their domestic legal systems, such measures as may be necessary to prevent illicitly manufactured and trafficked firearms, parts and components and ammunition from falling into the hands of unauthorized persons by seizing and destroying such firearms, their parts and components and ammunition unless other disposal has been officially authorized, provided that the firearms have been marked and the methods of disposal of those firearms and ammunition have been recorded.
II. Prevention
Article 7
Record –keeping
Each State Party shall ensure the maintenance, for not less than ten years, of information in relation to firearms and, where appropriate and feasible, their parts and components and ammunition that is necessary to trace and identify those firearms and, where appropriate and feasible, their parts and components and ammunition which are illicitly manufactured or trafficked and to prevent and detect such activities. Such information shall include:
(a) The appropriate markings required by article 8 of this Protocol;
(b) In cases involving international transactions in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition, the issuance and expiration dates of the appropriate licences or authorizations, the country of export, the country of import, the transit countries, where appropriate, and the final recipient and the description and quantity of the articles.
Article 8
Marking of firearms
1. For the purpose of identifying and tracing each firearm, States Parties shall:
(a) At the time of manufacture of each firearm, either require unique marking providing the name of the manufacturer, the country or place of manufacture and the serial number, or maintain any alternative unique userfriendly marking with simple geometric symbols in combination with a numeric and/or alphanumeric code, permitting ready identification by all States of the country of manufacture;
(b) Require appropriate simple marking on each imported firearm, permitting identification of the country of import and, where possible, the year of import and enabling the competent authorities of that country to trace the firearm, and a unique marking, if the firearm does not bear such a marking. The requirements of this subparagraph need not be applied to temporary imports of firearms for verifiable lawful purposes;
(c) Ensure, at the time of transfer of a firearm from government stocks to permanent civilian use, the appropriate unique marking permitting identification by all States Parties of the transferring country.
2. States Parties shall encourage the firearms manufacturing industry to develop measures against the removal or alteration of markings.
Article 9
Deactivation of firearms
A State Party that does not recognize a deactivated firearm as a firearm in accordance with its domestic law shall take the necessary measures, including the establishment of specific offences if appropriate, to prevent the illicit reactivation of deactivated firearms, consistent with the following general principles of deactivation:
(a) All essential parts of a deactivated firearm are to be rendered permanently inoperable and incapable of removal, replacement or modification in a manner that would permit the firearm to be reactivated in any way;
(b) Arrangements are to be made for deactivation measures to be verified, where appropriate, by a competent authority to ensure that the modifications made to a firearm render it permanently inoperable;
(c) Verification by a competent authority is to include a certificate or record attesting to the deactivation of the firearm or a clearly visible mark to that effect stamped on the firearm.
Article 10
General requirements for export, import and transit licensing or authorization systems
1. Each State Party shall establish or maintain an effective system of export and import licensing or authorization, as well as of measures on international transit, for the transfer of firearms, their parts and components and ammunition.
2. Before issuing export licences or authorizations for shipments of firearms, their parts and components and ammunition, each State Party shall verify:
(a) That the importing States have issued import licences or authorizations; and
(b) That, without prejudice to bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements favouring landlocked States, the transit States have, at a minimum, given notice in writing, prior to shipment, that they have no objection to the transit.
3. The export and import licence or authorization and accompanying documentation together shall contain information that, at a minimum, shall include the place and the date of issuance, the date of expiration, the country of export, the country of import, the final recipient, a description and the quantity of the firearms, their parts and components and ammunition and, whenever there is transit, the countries of transit. The information contained in the import licence must be provided in advance to the transit States.
4. The importing State Party shall, upon request, inform the exporting State Party of the receipt of the dispatched shipment of firearms, their parts and components or ammunition.
5. Each State Party shall, within available means, take such measures as may be necessary to ensure that licensing or authorization procedures are secure and that the authenticity of licensing or authorization documents can be verified or validated.
6. States Parties may adopt simplified procedures for the temporary import and export and the transit of firearms, their parts and components and ammunition for verifiable lawful purposes such as hunting, sport shooting, evaluation, exhibitions or repairs.
Article 11
Security and preventive measures
In an effort to detect, prevent and eliminate the theft, loss or diversion of, as well as the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in, firearms, their parts and components and ammunition, each State Party shall take appropriate measures:
(a) To require the security of firearms, their parts and components and ammunition at the time of manufacture, import, export and transit through its territory; and
(b) To increase the effectiveness of import, export and transit controls, including, where appropriate, border controls, and of police and customs transborder cooperation.
Article 12
Information
1. Without prejudice to articles 27 and 28 of the Convention, States Parties shall exchange among themselves, consistent with their respective domestic legal and administrative systems, relevant case-specific information on matters such as authorized producers, dealers, importers, exporters and, whenever possible, carriers of firearms, their parts and components and ammunition.
2. Without prejudice to articles 27 and 28 of the Convention, States Parties shall exchange among themselves, consistent with their respective domestic legal and administrative systems, relevant information on matters such as:
(a) Organized criminal groups known to take part or suspected of taking part in the illicit manufacturing of or trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition;
(b) The means of concealment used in the illicit manufacturing of or trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition and ways of detecting them;
(c) Methods and means, points of dispatch and destination and routes customarily used by organized criminal groups engaged in illicit trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition; and (d) Legislative experiences and practices and measures to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition.
3. States Parties shall provide to or share with each other, as appropriate, relevant scientific and technological information useful to law enforcement authorities in order to enhance each other’s abilities to prevent, detect and investigate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition and to prosecute the persons involved in those illicit activities.
4. States Parties shall cooperate in the tracing of firearms, their parts and components and ammunition that may have been illicitly manufactured or trafficked. Such cooperation shall include the provision of prompt responses to requests for assistance in tracing such firearms, their parts and components and ammunition, within available means.
5. Subject to the basic concepts of its legal system or any international agreements, each State Party shall guarantee the confidentiality of and comply with any restrictions on the use of information that it receives from another State Party pursuant to this article, including proprietary information pertaining to commercial transactions, if requested to do so by the State Party providing the information. If such confidentiality cannot be maintained, the State Party that provided the information shall be notified prior to its disclosure.
Article 13
Cooperation
1. States Parties shall cooperate at the bilateral, regional and international levels to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition.
2. Without prejudice to article 18, paragraph 13, of the Convention, each State Party shall identify a national body or a single point of contact to act as liaison between it and other States Parties on matters relating to this Protocol.
3. States Parties shall seek the support and cooperation of manufacturers, dealers, importers, exporters, brokers and commercial carriers of firearms, their parts and components and ammunition to prevent and detect the illicit activities referred to in paragraph 1 of this article.
Article 14
Training and technical assistance
States Parties shall cooperate with each other and with relevant international organizations, as appropriate, so that States Parties may receive, upon request, the training and technical assistance necessary to enhance their ability to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition, including technical, financial and material assistance in those matters identified in articles 29 and 30 of the Convention.
Article 15
Brokers and brokering
1. With a view to preventing and combating illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition, States Parties that have not yet done so shall consider establishing a system for regulating the activities of those who engage in brokering. Such a system could include one or more measures such as:
(a) Requiring registration of brokers operating within their territory;
(b) Requiring licensing or authorization of brokering; or
(c) Requiring disclosure on import and export licences or authorizations, or accompanying documents, of the names and locations of brokers involved in the transaction.
2. States Parties that have established a system of authorization regarding brokering as set forth in paragraph 1 of this article are encouraged to include information on brokers and brokering in their exchanges of information under article 12 of this Protocol and to retain records regarding brokers and brokering in accordance with article 7 of this Protocol.
III. Final provisions
Article 16
Settlement of disputes
1. States Parties shall endeavour to settle disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Protocol through negotiation.
2. Any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Protocol that cannot be settled through negotiation within a reasonable time shall, at the request of one of those States Parties, be submitted to arbitration. If, six months after the date of the request for arbitration, those States Parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those States Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in accordance with the Statute of the Court.
3. Each State Party may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance or approval of or accession to this Protocol, declare that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of this article. The other States Parties shall not be bound by paragraph 2 of this article with respect to any State Party that has made such a reservation.
4. Any State Party that has made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may at any time withdraw that reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
Article 17
Signature, ratification, acceptance, approva and accession
1. This Protocol shall be open to all States for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York from the thirtieth day after its adoption by the General Assembly until 12 December 2002.
2. This Protocol shall also be open for signature by regional economic integration organizations provided that at least one member State of such organization has signed this Protocol in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article.
3. This Protocol is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. A regional economic integration organization may deposit its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval if at least one of its member States has done likewise. In that instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval, such organization shall declare the extent of its competence with respect to the matters governed by this Protocol. Such organization shall also inform the depositary of any relevant modification in the extent of its competence.
4. This Protocol is open for accession by any State or any regional economic integration organization of which at least one member State is a Party to this Protocol. Instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. At the time of its accession, a regional economic integration organization shall declare the extent of its competence with respect to matters governed by this Protocol. Such organization shall also inform the depositary of any relevant modification in the extent of its competence.
Article 18
Entry into force
1. This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the fortieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, except that it shall not enter into force before the entry into force of the Convention. For the purpose of this paragraph, any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by member States of such organization.
2. For each State or regional economic integration organization ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to this Protocol after the deposit of the fortieth instrument of such action, this Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of deposit by such State or organization of the relevant instrument or on the date this Protocol enters into force pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article, whichever is the later.
Article 19
Amendment
1. After the expiry of five years from the entry into force of this Protocol, a State Party to the Protocol may propose an amendment and file it with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall thereupon communicate the proposed amendment to the States Parties and to the Conference of the Parties to the Convention for the purpose of considering and deciding on the proposal. The States Parties to this Protocol meeting at the Conference of the Parties shall make every effort to achieve consensus on each amendment. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted and no agreement has been reached, the amendment shall, as a last resort, require for its adoption a two-thirds majority vote of the States Parties to this Protocol present and voting at the meeting of the Conference of the Parties.
2. Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote under this article with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States that are Parties to this Protocol. Such organizations shall not exercise their right to vote if their member States exercise theirs and vice versa.
3. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States Parties.
4. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article shall enter into force in respect of a State Party ninety days after the date of the deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of an instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of such amendment.
5. When an amendment enters into force, it shall be binding on those States Parties which have expressed their consent to be bound by it. Other States Parties shall still be bound by the provisions of this Protocol and any earlier amendments that they have ratified, accepted or approved.
Article 20
Denunciation
1. A State Party may denounce this Protocol by written notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Such denunciation shall become effective one year after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary-General.
2. A regional economic integration organization shall cease to be a Party to this Protocol when all of its member States have denounced it.
Article 21
Depositary and languages
1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations is designated depositary of this Protocol.
2. The original of this Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Protocol.
P R O T O K O L
O NEDOVOLJENI PROIZVODNJI STRELNEGA OROŽJA, NJEGOVIH SESTAVNIH DELOV IN STRELIVA TER TRGOVINI Z NJIMI, KI DOPOLNJUJE KONVENCIJO ZDRUŽENIH NARODOV PROTI MEDNARODNEMU ORGANIZIRANEMU KRIMINALU
Uvod
Države pogodbenice tega protokola
se zavedajo, da je nujno preprečevati, zatirati in izkoreniniti nedovoljeno proizvodnjo strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov ter streliva in trgovino z njimi zaradi škodljivih vplivov teh dejavnosti na varnost vsake države, regije in sveta kot celote, ki ogroža blaginjo ljudi, njihov družbenogospodarski razvoj in njihovo pravico, da živijo v miru;
so prepričane o nujnosti ustreznega ukrepanja vseh držav v ta namen, kar vključuje tudi mednarodno sodelovanje in druge ukrepe na regionalni in svetovni ravni;
se sklicujejo na Resolucijo Generalne skupščine št. 53/111 z dne 9. decembra 1998, s katero se je skupščina odločila, da ustanovi medvladni ad hoc odbor za pripravo celovite mednarodne konvencije proti mednarodnemu organiziranemu kriminalu in razpravo o pripravi mednarodne listine za boj proti nedovoljeni proizvodnji strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva ter trgovini z njimi;
upoštevajo načelo enakosti in samoodločbe narodov, ki je vsebovano v Ustanovni listini Združenih narodov in Deklaraciji o načelih mednarodnega prava glede prijateljskih odnosov in sodelovanja med državami v skladu z Ustanovno listino Združenih narodov;
so prepričane, da bo dopolnitev Konvencije Združenih narodov proti mednarodnemu organiziranemu kriminalu z mednarodno listino o nedovoljeni proizvodnji strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva ter trgovini z njimi koristna za preprečevanje in zatiranje teh kaznivih dejanj,
in so se zato dogovorile:
I. Splošne določbe
1. člen
Razmerje do Konvencije Združenih narodov proti mednarodnemu organiziranemu kriminalu
1. Ta protokol dopolnjuje Konvencijo Združenih narodov proti mednarodnemu organiziranemu kriminalu. Razlagati ga je treba skupaj z njo.
2. Določbe konvencije se smiselno uporabljajo tudi za ta protokol, če v njem ni določeno drugače.
3. Kazniva dejanja, ki so v skladu s 5. členom tega protokola, se štejejo kot kazniva dejanja, določena s konvencijo.
2. člen
Izjava o namenu
Namen tega protokola je spodbujanje, pospeševanje in krepitev sodelovanja med državami pogodbenicami za preprečevanje, zatiranje ter izkoreninjenje nedovoljene proizvodnje strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva ter trgovine z njimi.
3. člen
Uporaba izrazov
V tem protokolu:
(a) »strelno orožje« pomeni vsako prenosno cevno orožje, ki izstreljuje, je namenjeno izstreljevanju ali ga je mogoče enostavno prilagoditi za izstreljevanje strelov, krogel ali izstrelkov z aktiviranjem razstreliva, razen starinskega strelnega orožja ali njegovih kopij. Starinsko orožje in njegove kopije so opredeljene v skladu z notranjim pravom, nikakor pa starinsko orožje ne more biti strelno orožje, izdelano po letu 1899;
(b) »sestavni deli« pomeni vsak del ali rezervni del, posebej oblikovan za strelno orožje in pomemben za njegovo delovanje, vključno s cevjo, okvirjem ali ležiščem naboja, zaklepom ali bobnom, regulatorjem ali zaklepiščem in katero koli napravo, namenjeno ali prirejeno za dušitev strela;
(c) »strelivo« pomeni naboj ali njegove dele, vključno s tulci, vžigalnimi kapicami, pogonskim prahom, kroglami in izstrelki, ki se uporabljajo za strelno orožje, če je v državi pogodbenici za te sestavne dele potrebno dovoljenje;
(d) »nedovoljena proizvodnja« pomeni izdelovanje ali sestavljanje strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov ali streliva:
(i) iz sestavnih delov, ki izvirajo iz nedovoljene trgovine,
(ii) brez dovoljenja ali odobritve pristojnega organa države pogodbenice, v kateri ga izdelujejo ali sestavljajo, ali
(iii) brez označitve strelnega orožja v skladu z 8. členom tega protokola med izdelavo.
Izdajanje dovoljenj ali odobritev za proizvodnjo sestavnih delov orožja je v skladu z notranjim pravom;
(e) »nedovoljena trgovina« pomeni uvoz, izvoz, pridobitev, prodajo, dostavo, premik ali prevoz strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva z ozemlja države pogodbenice, čez njeno ozemlje ali na ozemlje druge države pogodbenice, če ga katera koli od teh držav pogodbenic ni dovolila v skladu z določili tega protokola ali če strelno orožje ni označeno v skladu z 8. členom tega protokola;
(f) »spremljanje« pomeni sistematično sledenje strelnega orožja, in kadar je to mogoče, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva od proizvajalca do kupca, da se pristojnim organom držav pogodbenic pomaga pri odkrivanju, preiskovanju in analiziranju nedovoljene proizvodnje in trgovine.
4. člen
Področje uporabe
1. Ta protokol se, če ni drugače določeno, uporablja za preprečevanje nedovoljene proizvodnje strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva in trgovine z njimi ter preiskovanje in pregon kaznivih dejanj, ugotovljenih v skladu s 5. členom tega protokola, kadar so to mednarodna kazniva dejanja in vključujejo organizirano kriminalno združbo.
2. Ta protokol se ne uporablja za meddržavne posle ali državne pošiljke, kadar bi uporaba protokola vplivala na pravico države članice, da ukrepa v interesu nacionalne varnosti v skladu z Ustanovno listino Združenih narodov.
5. člen
Kaznivost
1. Država pogodbenica sprejme zakonodajne in druge potrebne ukrepe, da se kot kazniva dejanja določijo ta naklepna ravnanja:
(a) nedovoljena proizvodnja strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva;
(b) nedovoljena trgovina s strelnim orožjem, njegovimi sestavnimi deli in strelivom;
(c) ponarejanje ali nedovoljeno uničevanje, odstranjevanje ali spreminjanje oznak na strelnem orožju, ki jih zahteva 8. člen tega protokola.
2. Država pogodbenica prav tako sprejme zakonodajne in druge potrebne ukrepe za določitev teh ravnanj kot kaznivih dejanj:
(a) ob upoštevanju temeljnih načel svojega pravnega reda poskus storitve ali sostorilstvo pri kaznivem dejanju, določenem v prvem odstavku tega člena, in
(b) organiziranje, napeljevanje, pomoč, spodbujanje, omogočanje ali svetovanje pri kaznivem dejanju, določenem v prvem odstavku tega člena.
6. člen
Odvzem, zaseg in odstranitev
1. Brez poseganja v 12. člen konvencije države pogodbenice v svojem pravnem redu v največjem mogočem obsegu sprejmejo ukrepe, ki omogočajo odvzem strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva, ki je bilo predmet nedovoljene proizvodnje ali trgovine.
2. Države pogodbenice v svojem pravnem redu sprejmejo ukrepe, potrebne za preprečevanje, da bi strelno orožje, njegovi sestavni deli in strelivo, ki je bilo predmet nedovoljene proizvodnje ali trgovine, prišlo v roke nepooblaščenim osebam, in to z zasegom in uničenjem takega strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva ali z drugim uradno dovoljenim načinom odstranitve, če je bilo strelno orožje označeno in so bili postopki odstranitve tega strelnega orožja in streliva evidentirani.
II. Preprečevanje
7. člen
Shranjevanje podatkov
Država pogodbenica zaradi preprečevanja in odkrivanja nedovoljene proizvodnje ali trgovine zagotovi, da se podatki o strelnem orožju hranijo in dopolnjujejo najmanj deset let, in kadar je to ustrezno in izvedljivo, tudi o njegovih sestavnih delih in strelivu, potrebnih za spremljanje in identifikacijo strelnega orožja, in kadar je to ustrezno in izvedljivo, tudi o njegovih sestavnih delih in strelivu, ki se nedovoljeno izdelujejo ali se z njimi trguje.Ti podatki vsebujejo:
(a) ustrezne oznake, zahtevane v 8. členu tega protokola;
(b) pri mednarodnih poslih s strelnim orožjem, njegovimi sestavnimi deli in strelivom datume izdaje in prenehanja veljavnosti ustreznih dovoljenj ali odobritev, državo izvoza, državo uvoza, kadar je to ustrezno tudi države tranzita, končnega prejemnika ter opis in količino izdelkov.
8. člen
Označevanje strelnega orožja
1. Za identificiranje in spremljanje strelnega orožja države pogodbenice:
(a) pri izdelavi vsakega kosa strelnega orožja zahtevajo označevanje z imenom proizvajalca, države ali kraja proizvodnje in serijsko številko ali ohranjajo kakršno koli drugo posebno uporabniku prijazno označevanje z enostavnimi geometrijskimi simboli v kombinaciji s številčno in/ali črkovno-številčno oznako, ki vsem državam pogodbenicam omogoča hitro identifikacijo države proizvajalke;
(b) zahtevajo enostavno označevanje vsakega kosa uvoženega strelnega orožja za identifikacijo države uvoza, in kadar je mogoče, leto uvoza, ki omogoča pristojnim organom te države, da spremljajo orožje, ter posebno označitev, če je orožje še nima. Določbe tega odstavka se ne uporabljajo za začasne uvoze orožja za preverljivo zakonite namene;
(c) ob prenosu strelnega orožja iz državnih zalog v stalno civilno uporabo zagotovijo ustrezno posebno označitev, ki vsem državam pogodbenicam omogoča identifikacijo države, ki ga je prenesla.
2. Države pogodbenice spodbujajo proizvajalce strelnega orožja, da pripravijo ukrepe za odstranjevanje ali spreminjanje oznak.
9. člen
Onesposobitev strelnega orožja
Država pogodbenica, ki onesposobljenega strelnega orožja po svojem notranjem pravu ne priznava kot strelno orožje, sprejme potrebne ukrepe skupaj z določitvijo nedovoljenih ravnanj, če je to primerno, da prepreči nedovoljeno ponovno usposobitev takega orožja v skladu s temi splošnimi načeli onesposobitve strelnega orožja:
(a) vsi bistveni deli onesposobljenega strelnega orožja morajo biti trajno neuporabni in taki, da na njih ni mogoča odstranitev, zamenjava ali prireditev, ki bi kakor koli omogočila ponovno usposobitev tega orožja;
(b) zagotoviti je treba, kadar je to primerno, da bodo pristojni organi lahko preverili ukrepe za onesposobitev strelnega orožja in tako zagotovili, da je strelno orožje zaradi opravljenih sprememb trajno neuporabno;
(c) overitev pristojnega organa mora vsebovati potrdilo ali zapisnik, s katerim se potrjuje onesposobitev strelnega orožja, ali ustrezno jasno vidno oznako.
10. člen
Splošne zahteve za izdajanje dovoljenj ali odobritev za izvoz, uvoz in tranzit
1. Država pogodbenica vzpostavi ali vzdržuje učinkovit sistem izdajanja dovoljenj ali odobritev za izvoz, uvoz in mednarodni tranzit strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva.
2. Država pogodbenica pred izdajo dovoljenja ali odobritve za izvoz pošiljke strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva preveri:
(a) ali so države uvoznice izdale uvozna dovoljenja ali odobritve in
(b) ali so tranzitne države brez poseganja v dvostranske ali večstranske sporazume ali dogovore za države, ki nimajo izhoda na morje, pred pošiljanjem izdale vsaj pisno obvestilo, da ne nasprotujejo tranzitu.
3. Izvozna in uvozna dovoljenja ali odobritve in spremljajoča dokumentacija morajo vsebovati vsaj podatek o datumu in kraju izdaje, datumu poteka veljavnosti, državi izvoza, državi uvoza, končnem prejemniku ter opis in količino strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva, pri tranzitu pa tudi tranzitne države. Podatki, navedeni v uvoznih dokumentih, se predhodno pošljejo tranzitnim državam.
4. Država uvoznica na zahtevo obvesti državo izvoznico o prejemu odposlane pošiljke strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva.
5. Država pogodbenica v okviru razpoložljivih sredstev sprejme ukrepe, ki so morda potrebni za zagotavljanje zanesljivosti postopkov izdajanja dovoljenj ali odobritev in preverjanje ali potrjevanje njihove verodostojnosti.
6. Države pogodbenice lahko sprejmejo poenostavljene postopke za začasni uvoz, izvoz in tranzit strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva za preverljivo zakonite namene, kot so lov, športno streljanje, ocenjevanje, razstave ali popravila.
11. člen
Varnostni in preprečevalni ukrepi
Za odkrivanje, preprečevanje in odpravljanje tatvin, izgub ali namernih preusmeritev ter nedovoljene proizvodnje strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva in trgovine z njimi, država pogodbenica sprejme ustrezne ukrepe:
(a) s katerimi zahteva varnost strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva med izdelavo, uvozom, izvozom in tranzitom čez njeno ozemlje in
(b) s katerimi poveča učinkovitost nadzora pri uvozu, izvozu in tranzitu, kar vključuje, kadar je to primerno, nadzor na meji in čezmejno policijsko in carinsko sodelovanje.
12. člen
Podatki
1. Brez poseganja v 27. in 28. člen konvencije si države pogodbenice v skladu s svojim pravnim in upravnim redom izmenjavajo ustrezne podatke o pooblaščenih proizvajalcih, trgovcih, uvoznikih, izvoznikih, in kadar je to mogoče, prevoznikih strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva.
2. Brez poseganja v 27. in 28. člen konvencije si države pogodbenice v skladu s svojim pravnim in upravnim redom izmenjavajo pomembne informacije o:
(a) organiziranih kriminalnih združbah, za katere se ve ali sumi, da sodelujejo pri nedovoljeni proizvodnji strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva ali trgovini z njimi;
(b) načinih prikrivanja nedovoljene proizvodnje strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva ali trgovine z njimi ter načinih za njihovo odkrivanje;
(c) običajno uporabljenih metodah in načinih delovanja ter mestih nakladanja, poteh in ciljih organiziranih kriminalnih združb, ki se ukvarjajo z nedovoljeno trgovino s strelnim orožjem, njegovimi sestavnimi deli in strelivom;
(d) zakonodajnih izkušnjah, dejavnostih in ukrepih za preprečevanje, zatiranje in odpravljanje nedovoljene proizvodnje strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva ali trgovine z njimi.
3. Države pogodbenice si, kot je primerno, dajejo ali izmenjavajo ustrezne znanstvene in tehnološke informacije, koristne za organe pregona za povečevanje njihove sposobnosti, da bi preprečili, odkrivali in preiskovali nedovoljeno proizvodnjo strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva ter preganjali osebe, vpletene v te nedovoljene dejavnosti.
4. Države pogodbenice sodelujejo pri spremljanju strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva, ki bi lahko nedovoljeno izdelovali ali trgovali z njimi. To sodelovanje vključuje takojšnje odzive v okviru njihovih možnosti na zaprosila za pomoč pri spremljanju takega strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva.
5. Država pogodbenica ob upoštevanju temeljnih načel svojega pravnega reda in mednarodnih sporazumov jamči za zaupnost podatkov, ki jih dobi od druge države pogodbenice po tem členu, skupaj z informacijami iz lastne dejavnosti, ki se nanašajo na trgovinske posle, in upošteva vse omejitve pri uporabi podatkov pri teh poslih, če to zahteva država pogodbenica, ki je dala te informacije. Če zaupnosti podatkov ni mogoče zagotoviti, se pred njihovim razkritjem o tem obvesti država pogodbenica, ki jih je dala.
13. člen
Sodelovanje
1. Države pogodbenice pri preprečevanju, zatiranju in izkoreninjanju nedovoljene proizvodnje strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva in trgovine z njimi sodelujejo na dvostranski, regionalni in mednarodni ravni.
2. Brez poseganja v trinajsti odstavek 18. člena konvencije vsaka država pogodbenica določi državni organ ali točko za stike, ki v zvezi z zadevami tega protokola deluje kot povezava med njo in drugimi članicami.
3. Države pogodbenice za preprečevanje in odkrivanje nedovoljenih dejavnosti iz prvega odstavka tega člena iščejo pomoč in sodelovanje proizvajalcev, trgovcev, uvoznikov, izvoznikov, posrednikov in komercialnih prevoznikov strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva.
14. člen
Usposabljanje in strokovna pomoč
Države pogodbenice sodelujejo med seboj in z ustreznimi mednarodnimi organizacijami, kot je primerno, tako da lahko po zaprosilu dobijo pomoč pri usposabljanju in strokovno pomoč za povečevanje svoje sposobnosti pri preprečevanju, zatiranju in izkoreninjanju nedovoljene proizvodnje strelnega orožja, njegovih sestavnih delov in streliva ter trgovine z njimi skupaj s strokovno, finančno in materialno pomočjo pri zadevah, ki jih določata 29. in 30. člen konvencije.
15. člen
Posredniki in posredovanje
1. Države pogodbenice, ki tega še niso storile, za preprečevanje in zatiranje nedovoljene proizvodnje s strelnim orožjem, njegovimi sestavnimi deli in strelivom in trgovine z njimi preučijo možnost za vzpostavitev sistema za ureditev dejavnosti posredništva. Tak sistem predpisov bi lahko vseboval enega ali več ukrepov, kot so:
(a) obvezna registracija posrednikov, ki delujejo na njihovem ozemlju;
(b) obvezno dovoljenje ali odobritev posredniške dejavnosti;
(c) obvezno razkritje imen in sedežev posrednikov, udeleženih v poslu, pri uvoznih in izvoznih dovoljenjih ali odobritvah ali spremljajočih dokumentih.
2. Države pogodbenice, ki so vzpostavile sistem dovoljenj za posredništvo, kot je naveden v prvem odstavku tega člena, naj vključijo podatke o posredovanju in posrednikih v izmenjavo podatkov po 12. členu tega protokola in shranijo evidenco o posrednikih in posredovanju v skladu s 7. členom tega protokola.
III. Končne določbe
16. člen
Reševanje sporov
1. Države pogodbenice si prizadevajo reševati spore zaradi razlage ali uporabe tega protokola s pogajanji.
2. Spor med dvema ali več državami pogodbenicami zaradi razlage ali uporabe tega protokola, ki ga v razumnem času ni mogoče rešiti s pogajanji, se na predlog ene od teh držav predloži v arbitražo. Če se države pogodbenice v šestih mesecih po predlogu za arbitražo ne morejo dogovoriti o organizaciji arbitraže, lahko država pogodbenica predloži spor Meddržavnemu sodišču v skladu s statutom sodišča.
3. Država pogodbenica lahko ob podpisu, ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi tega protokola ali pristopu k njemu izjavi, da se ne šteje za zavezano po drugem odstavku tega člena. Drugi odstavek tega člena ne zavezuje drugih držav v odnosu do države, ki je dala tak pridržek.
4. Država pogodbenica, ki je dala pridržek v skladu s tretjim odstavkom tega člena, ga lahko kadar koli umakne z uradnim obvestilom generalnemu sekretarju Združenih narodov.
17. člen
Podpis, ratifikacija, sprejetje, odobritev in pristop
1. Ta protokol je na voljo za podpis vsem državam na sedežu Združenih narodov v New Yorku od tridesetega dneva po tem, ko ga je sprejela Generalna skupščina, do 12. decembra 2002.
2. Ta protokol je na voljo za podpis tudi regionalnim organizacijam za gospodarsko sodelovanje, če je vsaj ena država članica te organizacije podpisala ta protokol v skladu s prvim odstavkom tega člena.
3. Ta protokol je treba ratificirati, sprejeti ali odobriti. Listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi se deponirajo pri generalnem sekretarju Združenih narodov. Regionalna organizacija za gospodarsko sodelovanje lahko deponira svojo listino o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi, če je tako storila najmanj ena njena država članica. V listini o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi organizacija izjavi, kakšen je obseg pristojnosti za zadeve, ki jih ureja ta protokol. Ta organizacija obvesti depozitarja tudi o vsaki pomembni spremembi glede obsega njenih pristojnosti.
4. K temu protokolu lahko pristopi katera koli država ali regionalna organizacija za gospodarsko sodelovanje, če je najmanj ena njena članica podpisnica tega protokola. Listine o pristopu se hranijo pri generalnem sekretarju Združenih narodov. Regionalna organizacija za gospodarsko sodelovanje ob pristopu izjavi, kakšen je obseg njenih pristojnosti za zadeve, ki jih ureja ta protokol. Ta organizacija obvesti depozitarja tudi o vsaki pomembni spremembi glede obsega svojih pristojnosti.
18. člen
Začetek veljavnosti
1. Ta protokol začne veljati devetdeseti dan po datumu deponiranja štiridesete listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu, s tem da ne začne veljati pred začetkom veljavnosti konvencije. Za namen tega odstavka se listine, ki jih deponirajo regionalne organizacije za gospodarsko sodelovanje, ne štejejo za dodatne k listinam, ki so jih že deponirale države članice te organizacije.
2. Za državo ali regionalno organizacijo za gospodarsko sodelovanje, ki ratificira, sprejme, odobri ta protokol ali pristopi k njemu po deponiranju štiridesete listine, začne ta protokol veljati trideseti dan po datumu deponiranja ustrezne listine te države ali organizacije ali na dan, ko ta protokol začne veljati v skladu s prvim odstavkom tega člena, kar od tega je pozneje.
19. člen
Spremembe
1. Po petih letih od začetka veljavnosti tega protokola lahko država pogodbenica protokola predlaga spremembo in jo vloži pri generalnem sekretarju Združenih narodov, ki predlagano spremembo pošlje državam pogodbenicam in konferenci pogodbenic konvencije v razpravo in odločanje o predlogu. Države pogodbenice tega protokola, ki se sestanejo na konferenci pogodbenic, si čim bolj prizadevajo doseči soglasje za vsako spremembo. Če so izčrpana vsa prizadevanja za soglasje in ni bil dosežen sporazum, je za sprejetje spremembe na koncu potrebna dvetretjinska večina držav pogodbenic protokola, ki so navzoče in glasujejo na konferenci pogodbenic.
2. Regionalne organizacije za gospodarsko sodelovanje pri zadevah iz svojih pristojnosti uresničujejo svojo pravico do glasovanja po tem členu s številom glasov, ki je enako številu njihovih držav članic, ki so pogodbenice tega protokola. Take organizacije ne smejo uresničevati svoje glasovalne pravice, če njihove države članice uresničujejo svojo in obratno.
3. Države pogodbenice morajo ratificirati, sprejeti ali odobriti spremembo, sprejeto v skladu s prvim odstavkom tega člena.
4. Sprememba, sprejeta v skladu s prvim odstavkom tega člena, začne za državo pogodbenico veljati devetdeset dni po datumu deponiranja listine o njeni ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi pri generalnem sekretarju Združenih narodov.
5. Ko sprememba začne veljati, je obvezujoča za tiste države pogodbenice, ki so izrazile soglasje, da jih zavezuje. Druge države pogodbenice pa še naprej zavezujejo določbe tega protokola in vse prejšnje spremembe, ki so jih ratificirale, sprejele ali odobrile.
20. člen
Odpoved
1. Država pogodbenica lahko odpove ta protokol s pisnim uradnim obvestilom generalnemu sekretarju Združenih narodov. Odpoved začne veljati eno leto po tem, ko je generalni sekretar prejel uradno obvestilo.
2. Regionalna organizacija za gospodarsko sodelovanje preneha biti pogodbenica tega protokola, ko ga odpovejo vse njene države članice.
21. člen
Depozitar in jezik
1. Depozitar tega protokola je generalni sekretar Združenih narodov.
2. Izvirnik tega protokola, katerega besedila v angleškem, arabskem, francoskem, kitajskem, ruskem in španskem jeziku so enako verodostojna, se hrani pri generalnem sekretarju Združenih narodov.
V POTRDITEV NAVEDENEGA so podpisani pooblaščenci, ki so jih za to pravilno pooblastile njihove vlade, podpisali ta protokol.
3. člen
Za izvajanje protokola skrbi Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve.
4. člen
Ta zakon začne veljati naslednji dan po objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije – Mednarodne pogodbe.
Št. 212-05/04-37/1
Ljubljana, dne 21. aprila 2004
EPA 1226-III
Predsednik
Državnega zbora
Republike Slovenije
Borut Pahor l. r.
