Na podlagi druge alinee prvega odstavka 107. člena in prvega odstavka 91. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije izdajam
U K A Z
O RAZGLASITVI ZAKONA O RATIFIKACIJI KONVENCIJE O PRISTOJNOSTI, PRAVU, KI SE UPORABLJA, PRIZNAVANJU, UVELJAVLJANJU IN SODELOVANJU GLEDE STARŠEVSKE ODGOVORNOSTI IN UKREPOV ZA VARSTVO OTROK (MKSOVO)
Razglašam Zakon o ratifikaciji Konvencije o pristojnosti, pravu, ki se uporablja, priznavanju, uveljavljanju in sodelovanju glede starševske odgovornosti in ukrepov za varstvo otrok (MKSOVO), ki ga je sprejel Državni zbor Republike Slovenije na seji 15. julija 2004.
Št. 001-22-178/04
Ljubljana, dne 23. julija 2004
dr. Janez Drnovšek l. r.
Predsednik
Republike Slovenije
Z A K O N
O RATIFIKACIJI KONVENCIJE O PRISTOJNOSTI, PRAVU, KI SE UPORABLJA, PRIZNAVANJU, UVELJAVLJANJU IN SODELOVANJU GLEDE STARŠEVSKE ODGOVORNOSTI IN UKREPOV ZA VARSTVO OTROK (MKSOVO)
1. člen
Ratificira se Konvencija o pristojnosti, pravu, ki se uporablja, priznavanju, uveljavljanju in sodelovanju glede starševske odgovornosti in ukrepov za varstvo otrok, sestavljena v Haagu 19. oktobra 1996.
2. člen
Besedilo konvencije se v izvirniku v angleškem jeziku in v prevodu v slovenskem jeziku glasi:
C o n v e n t i o n
on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Co-operation in respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children
The States signatory to the present Convention,
Considering the need to improve the protection of children in international situations,
Wishing to avoid conflicts between their legal systems in respect of jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of measures for the protection of children,
Recalling the importance of international co-operation for the protection of children,
Confirming that the best interests of the child are to be a primary consideration,
Noting that the Convention of 5 October 1961 concerning the powers of authorities and the law applicable in respect of the protection of minors is in need of revision,
Desiring to establish common provisions to this effect, taking into account the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989,
Have agreed on the following provisions –
CHAPTER I – SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION
Article 1
1 The objects of the present Convention are –
a to determine the State whose authorities have jurisdiction to take measures directed to the protection of the person or property of the child;
b to determine which law is to be applied by such authorities in exercising their jurisdiction;
c to determine the law applicable to parental responsibility;
d to provide for the recognition and enforcement of such measures of protection in all Contracting States;
e to establish such co-operation between the authorities of the Contracting States as may be necessary in order to achieve the purposes of this Convention.
2 For the purposes of this Convention, the term ‘parental responsibility’ includes parental authority, or any analogous relationship of authority determining the rights, powers and responsibilities of parents, guardians or other legal representatives in relation to the person or the property of the child.
Article 2
The Convention applies to children from the moment of their birth until they reach the age of 18 years.
Article 3
The measures referred to in Article 1 may deal in particular with –
a the attribution, exercise, termination or restriction of parental responsibility, as well as its delegation;
b rights of custody, including rights relating to the care of the person of the child and, in particular, the right to determine the child's place of residence, as well as rights of access including the right to take a child for a limited period of time to a place other than the child's habitual residence;
c guardianship, curatorship and analogous institutions;
d the designation and functions of any person or body having charge of the child's person or property, representing or assisting the child;
e the placement of the child in a foster family or in institutional care, or the provision of care by kafala or an analogous institution;
f the supervision by a public authority of the care of a child by any person having charge of the child;
g the administration, conservation or disposal of the child's property.
Article 4
The Convention does not apply to –
a the establishment or contesting of a parent-child relationship;
b decisions on adoption, measures preparatory to adoption, or the annulment or revocation of adoption;
c the name and forenames of the child;
d emancipation;
e maintenance obligations;
f trusts or succession;
g social security;
h public measures of a general nature in matters of education or health;
i measures taken as a result of penal offences committed by children;
j decisions on the right of asylum and on immigration.
CHAPTER II – JURISDICTION
Article 5
1 The judicial or administrative authorities of the Contracting State of the habitual residence of the child have jurisdiction to take measures directed to the protection of the child's person or property.
2 Subject to Article 7, in case of a change of the child's habitual residence to another Contracting State, the authorities of the State of the new habitual residence have jurisdiction.
Article 6
1 For refugee children and children who, due to disturbances occurring in their country, are internationally displaced, the authorities of the Contracting State on the territory of which these children are present as a result of their displacement have the jurisdiction provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 5.
2 The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply to children whose habitual residence cannot be established.
Article 7
1 In case of wrongful removal or retention of the child, the authorities of the Contracting State in which the child was habitually resident immediately before the removal or retention keep their jurisdiction until the child has acquired a habitual residence in another State, and
a each person, institution or other body having rights of custody has acquiesced in the removal or retention; or
b the child has resided in that other State for a period of at least one year after the person, institution or other body having rights of custody has or should have had knowledge of the whereabouts of the child, no request for return lodged within that period is still pending, and the child is settled in his or her new environment.
2 The removal or the retention of a child is to be considered wrongful where
a it is in breach of rights of custody attributed to a person, an institution or any other body, either jointly or alone, under the law of the State in which the child was habitually resident immediately before the removal or retention; and
b at the time of removal or retention those rights were actually exercised, either jointly or alone, or would have been so exercised but for the removal or retention.
The rights of custody mentioned in sub-paragraph a above, may arise in particular by operation of law or by reason of a judicial or administrative decision, or by reason of an agreement having legal effect under the law of that State.
3 So long as the authorities first mentioned in paragraph 1 keep their jurisdiction, the authorities of the Contracting State to which the child has been removed or in which he or she has been retained can take only such urgent measures under Article 11 as are necessary for the protection of the person or property of the child.
Article 8
1 By way of exception, the authority of a Contracting State having jurisdiction under Article 5 or 6, if it considers that the authority of another Contracting State would be better placed in the particular case to assess the best interests of the child, may either
– request that other authority, directly or with the assistance of the Central Authority of its State, to assume jurisdiction to take such measures of protection as it considers to be necessary, or
– suspend consideration of the case and invite the parties to introduce such a request before the authority of that other State.
2 The Contracting States whose authorities may be addressed as provided in the preceding paragraph are
a a State of which the child is a national,
b a State in which property of the child is located,
c a State whose authorities are seised of an application for divorce or legal separation of the child's parents, or for annulment of their marriage,
d a State with which the child has a substantial connection.
3 The authorities concerned may proceed to an exchange of views.
4 The authority addressed as provided in paragraph 1 may assume jurisdiction, in place of the authority having jurisdiction under Article 5 or 6, if it considers that this is in the child's best interests.
Article 9
1 If the authorities of a Contracting State referred to in Article 8, paragraph 2, consider that they are better placed in the particular case to assess the child's best interests, they may either
– request the competent authority of the Contracting State of the habitual residence of the child, directly or with the assistance of the Central Authority of that State, that they be authorized to exercise jurisdiction to take the measures of protection which they consider to be necessary, or
– invite the parties to introduce such a request before the authority of the Contracting State of the habitual residence of the child.
2 The authorities concerned may proceed to an exchange of views.
3 The authority initiating the request may exercise jurisdiction in place of the authority of the Contracting State of the habitual residence of the child only if the latter authority has accepted the request.
Article 10
1 Without prejudice to Articles 5 to 9, the authorities of a Contracting State exercising jurisdiction to decide upon an application for divorce or legal separation of the parents of a child habitually resident in another Contracting State, or for annulment of their marriage, may, if the law of their State so provides, take measures directed to the protection of the person or property of such child if
a at the time of commencement of the proceedings, one of his or her parents habitually resides in that State and one of them has parental responsibility in relation to the child, and
b the jurisdiction of these authorities to take such measures has been accepted by the parents, as well as by any other person who has parental responsibility in relation to the child, and is in the best interests of the child.
2 The jurisdiction provided for by paragraph 1 to take measures for the protection of the child ceases as soon as the decision allowing or refusing the application for divorce, legal separation or annulment of the marriage has become final, or the proceedings have come to an end for another reason.
Article 11
1 In all cases of urgency, the authorities of any Contracting State in whose territory the child or property belonging to the child is present have jurisdiction to take any necessary measures of protection.
2 The measures taken under the preceding paragraph with regard to a child habitually resident in a Contracting State shall lapse as soon as the authorities which have jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10 have taken the measures required by the situation.
3 The measures taken under paragraph 1 with regard to a child who is habitually resident in a non-Contracting State shall lapse in each Contracting State as soon as measures required by the situation and taken by the authorities of another State are recognised in the Contracting State in question.
Article 12
1 Subject to Article 7, the authorities of a Contracting State in whose territory the child or property belonging to the child is present have jurisdiction to take measures of a provisional character for the protection of the person or property of the child which have a territorial effect limited to the State in question, in so far as such measures are not incompatible with measures already taken by authorities which have jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10.
2 The measures taken under the preceding paragraph with regard to a child habitually resident in a Contracting State shall lapse as soon as the authorities which have jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10 have taken a decision in respect of the measures of protection which may be required by the situation.
3 The measures taken under paragraph 1 with regard to a child who is habitually resident in a non-Contracting State shall lapse in the Contracting State where the measures were taken as soon as measures required by the situation and taken by the authorities of another State are recognised in the Contracting State in question.
Article 13
1 The authorities of a Contracting State which have jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10 to take measures for the protection of the person or property of the child must abstain from exercising this jurisdiction if, at the time of the commencement of the proceedings, corresponding measures have been requested from the authorities of another Contracting State having jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10 at the time of the request and are still under consideration.
2 The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply if the authorities before whom the request for measures was initially introduced have declined jurisdiction.
Article 14
The measures taken in application of Articles 5 to 10 remain in force according to their terms, even if a change of circumstances has eliminated the basis upon which jurisdiction was founded, so long as the authorities which have jurisdiction under the Convention have not modified, replaced or terminated such measures.
CHAPTER III – APPLICABLE LAW
Article 15
1 In exercising their jurisdiction under the provisions of Chapter II, the authorities of the Contracting States shall apply their own law.
2 However, in so far as the protection of the person or the property of the child requires, they may exceptionally apply or take into consideration the law of another State with which the situation has a substantial connection.
3 If the child's habitual residence changes to another Contracting State, the law of that other State governs, from the time of the change, the conditions of application of the measures taken in the State of the former habitual residence.
Article 16
1 The attribution or extinction of parental responsibility by operation of law, without the intervention of a judicial or administrative authority, is governed by the law of the State of the habitual residence of the child.
2 The attribution or extinction of parental responsibility by an agreement or a unilateral act, without intervention of a judicial or administrative authority, is governed by the law of the State of the child's habitual residence at the time when the agreement or unilateral act takes effect.
3 Parental responsibility which exists under the law of the State of the child's habitual residence subsists after a change of that habitual residence to another State.
4 If the child's habitual residence changes, the attribution of parental responsibility by operation of law to a person who does not already have such responsibility is governed by the law of the State of the new habitual residence.
Article 17
The exercise of parental responsibility is governed by the law of the State of the child's habitual residence. If the child's habitual residence changes, it is governed by the law of the State of the new habitual residence.
Article 18
The parental responsibility referred to in Article 16 may be terminated, or the conditions of its exercise modified, by measures taken under this Convention.
Article 19
1 The validity of a transaction entered into between a third party and another person who would be entitled to act as the child's legal representative under the law of the State where the transaction was concluded cannot be contested, and the third party cannot be held liable, on the sole ground that the other person was not entitled to act as the child's legal representative under the law designated by the provisions of this Chapter, unless the third party knew or should have known that the parental responsibility was governed by the latter law.
2 The preceding paragraph applies only if the transaction was entered into between persons present on the territory of the same State.
Article 20
The provisions of this Chapter apply even if the law designated by them is the law of a non-Contracting State.
Article 21
1 In this Chapter the term "law" means the law in force in a State other than its choice of law rules.
2 However, if the law applicable according to Article 16 is that of a non-Contracting State and if the choice of law rules of that State designate the law of another non-Contracting State which would apply its own law, the law of the latter State applies. If that other non-Contracting State would not apply its own law, the applicable law is that designated by Article 16.
Article 22
The application of the law designated by the provisions of this Chapter can be refused only if this application would be manifestly contrary to public policy, taking into account the best interests of the child.
CHAPTER IV – RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT
Article 23
1 The measures taken by the authorities of a Contracting State shall be recognised by operation of law in all other Contracting States.
2 Recognition may however be refused –
a if the measure was taken by an authority whose jurisdiction was not based on one of the grounds provided for in Chapter II;
b if the measure was taken, except in a case of urgency, in the context of a judicial or administrative proceeding, without the child having been provided the opportunity to be heard, in violation of fundamental principles of procedure of the requested State;
c on the request of any person claiming that the measure infringes his or her parental responsibility, if such measure was taken, except in a case of urgency, without such person having been given an opportunity to be heard;
d if such recognition is manifestly contrary to public policy of the requested State, taking into account the best interests of the child;
e if the measure is incompatible with a later measure taken in the non-Contracting State of the habitual residence of the child, where this later measure fulfils the requirements for recognition in the requested State;
f if the procedure provided in Article 33 has not been complied with.
Article 24
Without prejudice to Article 23, paragraph 1, any interested person may request from the competent authorities of a Contracting State that they decide on the recognition or non-recognition of a measure taken in another Contracting State. The procedure is governed by the law of the requested State.
Article 25
The authority of the requested State is bound by the findings of fact on which the authority of the State where the measure was taken based its jurisdiction.
Article 26
1 If measures taken in one Contracting State and enforceable there require enforcement in another Contracting State, they shall, upon request by an interested party, be declared enforceable or registered for the purpose of enforcement in that other State according to the procedure provided in the law of the latter State.
2 Each Contracting State shall apply to the declaration of enforceability or registration a simple and rapid procedure.
3 The declaration of enforceability or registration may be refused only for one of the reasons set out in Article 23, paragraph 2.
Article 27
Without prejudice to such review as is necessary in the application of the preceding Articles, there shall be no review of the merits of the measure taken.
Article 28
Measures taken in one Contracting State and declared enforceable, or registered for the purpose of enforcement, in another Contracting State shall be enforced in the latter State as if they had been taken by the authorities of that State. Enforcement takes place in accordance with the law of the requested State to the extent provided by such law, taking into consideration the best interests of the child.
CHAPTER V – CO-OPERATION
Article 29
1 A Contracting State shall designate a Central Authority to discharge the duties which are imposed by the Convention on such authorities.
2 Federal States, States with more than one system of law or States having autonomous territorial units shall be free to appoint more than one Central Authority and to specify the territorial or personal extent of their functions. Where a State has appointed more than one Central Authority, it shall designate the Central Authority to which any communication may be addressed for transmission to the appropriate Central Authority within that State.
Article 30
1 Central Authorities shall co-operate with each other and promote co-operation amongst the competent authorities in their States to achieve the purposes of the Convention.
2 They shall, in connection with the application of the Convention, take appropriate steps to provide information as to the laws of, and services available in, their States relating to the protection of children.
Article 31
The Central Authority of a Contracting State, either directly or through public authorities or other bodies, shall take all appropriate steps to –
a facilitate the communications and offer the assistance provided for in Articles 8 and 9 and in this Chapter;
b facilitate, by mediation, conciliation or similar means, agreed solutions for the protection of the person or property of the child in situations to which the Convention applies;
c provide, on the request of a competent authority of another Contracting State, assistance in discovering the whereabouts of a child where it appears that the child may be present and in need of protection within the territory of the requested State.
Article 32
On a request made with supporting reasons by the Central Authority or other competent authority of any Contracting State with which the child has a substantial connection, the Central Authority of the Contracting State in which the child is habitually resident and present may, directly or through public authorities or other bodies,
a provide a report on the situation of the child;
b request the competent authority of its State to consider the need to take measures for the protection of the person or property of the child.
Article 33
1 If an authority having jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10 contemplates the placement of the child in a foster family or institutional care, or the provision of care by kafala or an analogous institution, and if such placement or such provision of care is to take place in another Contracting State, it shall first consult with the Central Authority or other competent authority of the latter State. To that effect it shall transmit a report on the child together with the reasons for the proposed placement or provision of care.
2 The decision on the placement or provision of care may be made in the requesting State only if the Central Authority or other competent authority of the requested State has consented to the placement or provision of care, taking into account the child's best interests.
Article 34
1 Where a measure of protection is contemplated, the competent authorities under the Convention, if the situation of the child so requires, may request any authority of another Contracting State which has information relevant to the protection of the child to communicate such information.
2 A Contracting State may declare that requests under paragraph 1 shall be communicated to its authorities only through its Central Authority.
Article 35
1 The competent authorities of a Contracting State may request the authorities of another Contracting State to assist in the implementation of measures of protection taken under this Convention, especially in securing the effective exercise of rights of access as well as of the right to maintain direct contacts on a regular basis.
2 The authorities of a Contracting State in which the child does not habitually reside may, on the request of a parent residing in that State who is seeking to obtain or to maintain access to the child, gather information or evidence and may make a finding on the suitability of that parent to exercise access and on the conditions under which access is to be exercised. An authority exercising jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10 to determine an application concerning access to the child, shall admit and consider such information, evidence and finding before reaching its decision.
3 An authority having jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10 to decide on access may adjourn a proceeding pending the outcome of a request made under paragraph 2, in particular, when it is considering an application to restrict or terminate access rights granted in the State of the child's former habitual residence.
4 Nothing in this Article shall prevent an authority having jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10 from taking provisional measures pending the outcome of the request made under paragraph 2.
Article 36
In any case where the child is exposed to a serious danger, the competent authorities of the Contracting State where measures for the protection of the child have been taken or are under consideration, if they are informed that the child's residence has changed to, or that the child is present in another State, shall inform the authorities of that other State about the danger involved and the measures taken or under consideration.
Article 37
An authority shall not request or transmit any information under this Chapter if to do so would, in its opinion, be likely to place the child's person or property in danger, or constitute a serious threat to the liberty or life of a member of the child's family.
Article 38
1 Without prejudice to the possibility of imposing reasonable charges for the provision of services, Central Authorities and other public authorities of Contracting States shall bear their own costs in applying the provisions of this Chapter.
2 Any Contracting State may enter into agreements with one or more other Contracting States concerning the allocation of charges.
Article 39
Any Contracting State may enter into agreements with one or more other Contracting States with a view to improving the application of this Chapter in their mutual relations. The States which have concluded such an agreement shall transmit a copy to the depositary of the Convention.
CHAPTER VI – GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 40
1 The authorities of the Contracting State of the child's habitual residence, or of the Contracting State where a measure of protection has been taken, may deliver to the person having parental responsibility or to the person entrusted with protection of the child's person or property, at his or her request, a certificate indicating the capacity in which that person is entitled to act and the powers conferred upon him or her.
2 The capacity and powers indicated in the certificate are presumed to be vested in that person, in the absence of proof to the contrary.
3 Each Contracting State shall designate the authorities competent to draw up the certificate.
Article 41
Personal data gathered or transmitted under the Convention shall be used only for the purposes for which they were gathered or transmitted.
Article 42
The authorities to whom information is transmitted shall ensure its confidentiality, in accordance with the law of their State.
Article 43
All documents forwarded or delivered under this Convention shall be exempt from legalisation or any analogous formality.
Article 44
Each Contracting State may designate the authorities to which requests under Articles 8, 9 and 33 are to be addressed.
Article 45
1 The designations referred to in Articles 29 and 44 shall be communicated to the Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law.
2 The declaration referred to in Article 34, paragraph 2, shall be made to the depositary of the Convention.
Article 46
A Contracting State in which different systems of law or sets of rules of law apply to the protection of the child and his or her property shall not be bound to apply the rules of the Convention to conflicts solely between such different systems or sets of rules of law.
Article 47
In relation to a State in which two or more systems of law or sets of rules of law with regard to any matter dealt with in this Convention apply in different territorial units –
1 any reference to habitual residence in that State shall be construed as referring to habitual residence in a territorial unit;
2 any reference to the presence of the child in that State shall be construed as referring to presence in a territorial unit;
3 any reference to the location of property of the child in that State shall be construed as referring to location of property of the child in a territorial unit;
4 any reference to the State of which the child is a national shall be construed as referring to the territorial unit designated by the law of that State or, in the absence of relevant rules, to the territorial unit with which the child has the closest connection;
5 any reference to the State whose authorities are seised of an application for divorce or legal separation of the child's parents, or for annulment of their marriage, shall be construed as referring to the territorial unit whose authorities are seised of such application;
6 any reference to the State with which the child has a substantial connection shall be construed as referring to the territorial unit with which the child has such connection;
7 any reference to the State to which the child has been removed or in which he or she has been retained shall be construed as referring to the relevant territorial unit to which the child has been removed or in which he or she has been retained;
8 any reference to bodies or authorities of that State, other than Central Authorities, shall be construed as referring to those authorised to act in the relevant territorial unit;
9 any reference to the law or procedure or authority of the State in which a measure has been taken shall be construed as referring to the law or procedure or authority of the territorial unit in which such measure was taken;
10 any reference to the law or procedure or authority of the requested State shall be construed as referring to the law or procedure or authority of the territorial unit in which recognition or enforcement is sought.
Article 48
For the purpose of identifying the applicable law under Chapter III, in relation to a State which comprises two or more territorial units each of which has its own system of law or set of rules of law in respect of matters covered by this Convention, the following rules apply –
a if there are rules in force in such a State identifying which territorial unit's law is applicable, the law of that unit applies;
b in the absence of such rules, the law of the relevant territorial unit as defined in Article 47 applies.
Article 49
For the purpose of identifying the applicable law under Chapter III, in relation to a State which has two or more systems of law or sets of rules of law applicable to different categories of persons in respect of matters covered by this Convention, the following rules apply –
a if there are rules in force in such a State identifying which among such laws applies, that law applies;
b in the absence of such rules, the law of the system or the set of rules of law with which the child has the closest connection applies.
Article 50
This Convention shall not affect the application of the Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, as between Parties to both Conventions. Nothing, however, precludes provisions of this Convention from being invoked for the purposes of obtaining the return of a child who has been wrongfully removed or retained or of organising access rights.
Article 51
In relations between the Contracting States this Convention replaces the Convention of 5 October 1961 concerning the powers of authorities and the law applicable in respect of the protection of minors, and the Convention governing the guardianship of minors, signed at The Hague 12 June 1902, without prejudice to the recognition of measures taken under the Convention of 5 October 1961 mentioned above.
Article 52
1 This Convention does not affect any international instrument to which Contracting States are Parties and which contains provisions on matters governed by the Convention, unless a contrary declaration is made by the States Parties to such instrument.
2 This Convention does not affect the possibility for one or more Contracting States to conclude agreements which contain, in respect of children habitually resident in any of the States Parties to such agreements, provisions on matters governed by this Convention.
3 Agreements to be concluded by one or more Contracting States on matters within the scope of this Convention do not affect, in the relationship of such States with other Contracting States, the application of the provisions of this Convention.
4 The preceding paragraphs also apply to uniform laws based on special ties of a regional or other nature between the States concerned.
Article 53
1 The Convention shall apply to measures only if they are taken in a State after the Convention has entered into force for that State.
2 The Convention shall apply to the recognition and enforcement of measures taken after its entry into force as between the State where the measures have been taken and the requested State.
Article 54
1 Any communication sent to the Central Authority or to another authority of a Contracting State shall be in the original language, and shall be accompanied by a translation into the official language or one of the official languages of the other State or, where that is not feasible, a translation into French or English.
2 However, a Contracting State may, by making a reservation in accordance with Article 60, object to the use of either French or English, but not both.
Article 55
1 A Contracting State may, in accordance with Article 60,
a reserve the jurisdiction of its authorities to take measures directed to the protection of property of a child situated on its territory;
b reserve the right not to recognize any parental responsibility or measure in so far as it is incompatible with any measure taken by its authorities in relation to that property.
2 The reservation may be restricted to certain categories of property.
Article 56
The Secretary General of the Hague Conference on Private International Law shall at regular intervals convoke a Special Commission in order to review the practical operation of the Convention.
CHAPTER VII – FINAL CLAUSES
Article 57
1 The Convention shall be open for signature by the States which were Members of the Hague Conference on Private International Law at the time of its Eighteenth Session.
2 It shall be ratified, accepted or approved and the instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, depositary of the Convention.
Article 58
1 Any other State may accede to the Convention after it has entered into force in accordance with Article 61, paragraph 1.
2 The instrument of accession shall be deposited with the depositary.
3 Such accession shall have effect only as regards the relations between the acceding State and those Contracting States which have not raised an objection to its accession in the six months after the receipt of the notification referred to in sub-paragraph b of Article 63. Such an objection may also be raised by States at the time when they ratify, accept or approve the Convention after an accession. Any such objection shall be notified to the depositary.
Article 59
1 If a State has two or more territorial units in which different systems of law are applicable in relation to matters dealt with in this Convention, it may at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession declare that the Convention shall extend to all its territorial units or only to one or more of them and may modify this declaration by submitting another declaration at any time.
2 Any such declaration shall be notified to the depositary and shall state expressly the territorial units to which the Convention applies.
3 If a State makes no declaration under this Article, the Convention is to extend to all territorial units of that State.
Article 60
1 Any State may, not later than the time of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, or at the time of making a declaration in terms of Article 59, make one or both of the reservations provided for in Articles 54, paragraph 2, and 55. No other reservation shall be permitted.
2 Any State may at any time withdraw a reservation it has made. The withdrawal shall be notified to the depositary.
3 The reservation shall cease to have effect on the first day of the third calendar month after the notification referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Article 61
1 The Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of three months after the deposit of the third instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval referred to in Article 57.
2 Thereafter the Convention shall enter into force –
a for each State ratifying, accepting or approving it subsequently, on the first day of the month following the expiration of three months after the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession;
b for each State acceding, on the first day of the month following the expiration of three months after the expiration of the period of six months provided in Article 58, paragraph 3;
c for a territorial unit to which the Convention has been extended in conformity with Article 59, on the first day of the month following the expiration of three months after the notification referred to in that Article.
Article 62
1 A State Party to the Convention may denounce it by a notification in writing addressed to the depositary. The denunciation may be limited to certain territorial units to which the Convention applies.
2 The denunciation takes effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of twelve months after the notification is received by the depositary. Where a longer period for the denunciation to take effect is specified in the notification, the denunciation takes effect upon the expiration of such longer period.
Article 63
The depositary shall notify the States Members of the Hague Conference on Private International Law and the States which have acceded in accordance with Article 58 of the following –
a the signatures, ratifications, acceptances and approvals referred to in Article 57;
b the accessions and objections raised to accessions referred to in Article 58;
c the date on which the Convention enters into force in accordance with Article 61;
d the declarations referred to in Articles 34, paragraph 2, and 59;
e the agreements referred to in Article 39;
f the reservations referred to in Articles 54, paragraph 2, and 55 and the withdrawals referred to in Article 60, paragraph 2;
g the denunciations referred to in Article 62.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed this Convention.
DONE at The Hague, on the 19th day of October 1996, in the English and French languages, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and of which a certified copy shall be sent, through diplomatic channels, to each of the States Members of the Hague Conference on Private International Law at the date of its Eighteenth Session.
K o n v e n c i j a
o pristojnosti, pravu, ki se uporablja, priznavanju, uveljavljanju in sodelovanju glede starševske odgovornosti in ukrepov za varstvo otrok
Države podpisnice te konvencije so se
ob upoštevanju, da je treba izboljšati varstvo otrok v mednarodnih razmerah,
v želji izogniti se neskladjem med svojimi pravnimi sistemi glede pristojnosti, prava, ki se uporablja, priznavanja in izvajanja ukrepov za varstvo otrok,
sklicujoč se na pomen mednarodnega sodelovanja pri varstvu otrok,
potrjujoč, da morajo biti otrokove koristi glavno vodilo,
ob ugotovitvi, da je treba ustrezno popraviti Konvencijo z dne 5. oktobra 1961 o pristojnostih organov in pravu, ki se uporablja, glede varstva mladoletnikov,
v želji sestaviti ustrezne skupne določbe ob upoštevanju Konvencije Združenih narodov o pravicah otroka z dne 20. novembra 1989
dogovorile o naslednjih določbah:
I. POGLAVJE – PODROČJE UPORABE KONVENCIJE
1. člen
1. Cilji te konvencije so:
a določiti državo, katere organi so pristojni, da sprejemajo ukrepe za varstvo otroka ali njegovega premoženja;
b določiti, katero pravo naj ti organi uporabljajo pri izvajanju svoje pristojnosti;
c določiti pravo, ki se uporablja in ureja starševsko odgovornost;
d zagotoviti, da se bodo ti varstveni ukrepi priznavali in izvajali v vseh državah pogodbenicah;
e med organi držav pogodbenic vzpostaviti sodelovanje, potrebno za uresničevanje ciljev te konvencije.
2. V tej konvenciji izraz »starševska odgovornost« vključuje starševsko avtoriteto ali drugo podobno razmerje avtoritete, ki določa pravice, pooblastila in obveznosti staršev, skrbnikov ali drugih zakonitih zastopnikov v razmerju do otroka ali njegovega premoženja.
2. člen
Konvencija se uporablja za otroke od njihovega rojstva do izpolnjenega 18. leta starosti.
3. člen
Ukrepi, omenjeni v 1. členu, se lahko nanašajo predvsem na:
a dodelitev, izvajanje, prenehanje ali omejitev starševske odgovornosti in njen prenos;
b pravico do varstva in vzgoje, vključno s pravico skrbeti za otroka in predvsem pravico do odločanja o kraju njegovega prebivališča, ter pravico do stikov, vključno s pravico odpeljati otroka za določen čas v kraj, ki ni njegovo običajno prebivališče;
c skrbništvo, varstvo in podobne institucije;
d imenovanje in naloge oseb ali organov, ki so odgovorne za otroka ali njegovo premoženje, ga zastopajo ali mu pomagajo;
e namestitev otroka v rejniško družino ali zavod ali zagotovitev njegovega varstva v kafali ali podobni ustanovi;
f nadzor javnih organov nad tem, kako osebe, odgovorne za otroka, zanj skrbijo;
g upravljanje, hrambo otrokovega premoženja ali razpolaganje z njim.
4. člen
Konvencija se ne uporablja za:
a ugotavljanje in izpodbijanje očetovstva/materinstva;
b odločbe o posvojitvi, ukrepe za posvojitev ali za neveljavnost ali prenehanje posvojitve;
c priimek in imena otroka;
d emancipacijo;
e obveznosti preživljanja;
f upravljanje premoženja ali nasledstvo;
g socialno varnost;
h javne ukrepe splošne narave na področju izobraževanja ali zdravstva;
i ukrepe, povezane s kaznivimi dejanji, ki so jih zagrešili otroci;
j odločbe o pravici do azila in priseljevanju.
II. POGLAVJE – PRISTOJNOST
5. člen
1. Sodni ali upravni organi države pogodbenice, v kateri je otrokovo običajno prebivališče, so pristojni, da sprejemajo ukrepe za varstvo otroka ali njegovega premoženja.
2. Z izjemo 7. člena so ob prenosu otrokovega običajnega prebivališča v drugo državo pogodbenico pristojni organi države, v kateri je novo običajno prebivališče.
6. člen
1. Za otroke begunce in otroke, ki so bili zaradi nemirov v svoji državi razseljeni v drugo državo, so pristojni v skladu s prvim odstavkom 5. člena organi države pogodbenice, na ozemlju katere so ti otroci zaradi razselitve.
2. Določbe prejšnjega odstavka se uporabljajo tudi za otroke, za katere ni mogoče ugotoviti običajnega prebivališča.
7. člen
1. Če je bil otrok nezakonito odpeljan ali zadržan, organi države pogodbenice, v kateri je imel otrok, tik preden je bil odpeljan ali zadržan, svoje običajno prebivališče, obdržijo svojo pristojnost, dokler otrok ne pridobi običajnega prebivališča v drugi državi in
a vsaka oseba, institucija ali drug organ s pravico do varstva in vzgoje ne privoli, da je otrok odpeljan ali zadržan, ali če
b otrok biva v tej drugi državi vsaj eno leto, potem ko je oseba, institucija ali drug organ s pravico do varstva in vzgoje izvedel ali bi moral izvedeti za kraj, v katerem je otrok, in ni več v postopku nobena prošnja za vrnitev otroka, vložena v tem obdobju, otrok pa se je že vključil v svoje novo okolje.
2. Šteje se, da je bil otrok nezakonito odpeljan ali zadržan:
a če so s tem kršene vse ali posamezne pravice do varstva in vzgoje, dodeljene osebi, instituciji ali drugemu organu po zakonu države, v kateri je imel otrok običajno prebivališče, preden je bil odpeljan ali zadržan, in
b so se v času, ko je bil otrok odpeljan ali zadržan, dejansko uresničevale oziroma bi se uresničevale vse ali posamezne pravice, če otrok ne bi bil odpeljan ali zadržan.
Pravice do varstva in vzgoje, omenjene v pododstavku a), lahko izhajajo predvsem iz zakona, sodne ali upravne odločbe ali sporazuma, veljavnega po pravu te države.
3. Dokler organi, prvič omenjeni v prvem odstavku, obdržijo svojo pristojnost, lahko organi države pogodbenice, v katero je bil otrok odpeljan ali v kateri je bil zadržan, izvajajo le tiste nujne ukrepe v skladu z 11. členom, ki so potrebni za varstvo otroka ali njegovega premoženja.
8. člen
1. Če organ države pogodbenice, pristojen na podlagi 5. ali 6. člena, meni, da bi organ druge države pogodbenice v danem primeru bolje presodil otrokove koristi, lahko izjemoma
– zaprosi, da ta organ neposredno ali s pomočjo osrednjega organa svoje države prevzame pristojnost za izvajanje varstvenih ukrepov, ki se mu zdijo potrebni, ali
– preloži odločanje o tem primeru in strani pozove, da svojo prošnjo pošljejo organu te druge države.
2. Države pogodbenice, na organe katerih se lahko naslovijo prošnje, kot določa prejšnji odstavek, so
a država, katere državljan je otrok,
b država, v kateri je otrokovo premoženje,
c država, katere organ je prejel vlogo za razvezo ali ločitev otrokovih staršev ali za razveljavitev njune zakonske zveze,
d država, s katero je otrok dejansko povezan.
3. Zadevni organi lahko izmenjavajo mnenja.
4. Organ, na katerega je bila naslovljena prošnja v skladu s prvim odstavkom, lahko prevzame pristojnost namesto organa, pristojnega na podlagi 5. ali 6. člena, če meni, da je to v otrokovo korist.
9. člen
1. Če organi držav pogodbenic, omenjenih v drugem odstavku 8. člena, menijo, da bi v danem primeru bolje presodili otrokove koristi, lahko
– zaprosijo, da jih pristojni organ države pogodbenice, v kateri ima otrok običajno prebivališče, neposredno ali s pomočjo osrednjega organa te države pooblasti za izvajanje pristojnosti za sprejetje varstvenih ukrepov, ki se jim zdijo potrebni, ali
– pozovejo strani, da tako prošnjo predložijo organom države pogodbenice, v kateri ima otrok običajno prebivališče.
2. Zadevni organi lahko izmenjavajo mnenja.
3. Organ, ki je vložil tako prošnjo, je lahko namesto organa države pogodbenice, v kateri ima otrok običajno prebivališče, pristojen le, če je ta organ sprejel prošnjo.
10. člen
1. Ne glede na 5. do 9. člen lahko organi države pogodbenice, ki so pristojni, da odločajo o vlogi za razvezo ali ločitev ali razveljavitev zakonske zveze staršev otroka, ki ima običajno prebivališče v drugi državi pogodbenici, sprejmejo ukrepe za varstvo otroka ali njegovega premoženja, če tako določa pravo njihove države in če
a ob uvedbi postopka eden od staršev običajno prebiva v tej državi in ima eden od njiju starševsko odgovornost za otroka in
b so se starši oziroma katera koli druga oseba, ki ima starševsko odgovornost za otroka, strinjali, da so ti organi pristojni za sprejetje takih ukrepov, in če je ta pristojnost v skladu z otrokovimi koristmi.
2. Pristojnost za sprejetje ukrepov za varstvo otroka, določena v prvem odstavku, preneha takoj po pravnomočni uveljavitvi ali zavrnitvi vloge za razvezo, ločitev ali razveljavitev zakonske zveze ali po koncu postopka zaradi drugih razlogov.
11. člen
1. V vseh nujnih primerih so organi države pogodbenice, na ozemlju katere je otrok ali premoženje, ki mu pripada, pristojni za sprejetje vseh potrebnih varstvenih ukrepov.
2. Ukrepi, sprejeti na podlagi prejšnjega odstavka glede otroka, ki ima običajno prebivališče v državi pogodbenici, se prenehajo izvajati, takoj ko organi, pristojni na podlagi 5. do 10. člena, sprejmejo ukrepe, potrebne zaradi razmer.
3. Ukrepi, sprejeti na podlagi prvega odstavka glede otroka, ki ima običajno prebivališče v državi, ki ni pogodbenica, se prenehajo izvajati v državah pogodbenicah, takoj ko so v njej priznani ukrepi, ki so potrebni zaradi razmer in so jih sprejeli organi druge države.
12. člen
1. Z izjemo 7. člena so organi države pogodbenice, na ozemlju katere je otrok ali premoženje, ki mu pripada, pristojni za sprejetje ukrepov za varstvo otroka ali njegovega premoženja, ki so začasni in ozemeljsko učinkujejo le v tej državi, če ti ukrepi niso nezdružljivi z ukrepi, ki so jih sprejeli organi, pristojni na podlagi 5. do 10. člena.
2. Ukrepi, sprejeti na podlagi prejšnjega odstavka glede otroka, ki ima običajno prebivališče v državi pogodbenici, se prenehajo izvajati, takoj ko organi, pristojni na podlagi 5. do 10. člena, odločijo o ukrepih, ki bi bili lahko potrebni zaradi razmer.
3. Ukrepi, sprejeti na podlagi prvega odstavka glede otroka, ki ima običajno prebivališče v državi, ki ni pogodbenica, se prenehajo izvajati v državi pogodbenici, v kateri so bili sprejeti, takoj ko so v njej priznani ukrepi, ki so potrebni zaradi razmer in so jih sprejeli organi druge države.
13. člen
1. Organi države pogodbenice, ki so na podlagi 5. do 10. člena pristojni za sprejetje ukrepov za varstvo otroka ali njegovega premoženja, se morajo vzdržati izvajanja svoje pristojnosti, če so ob uvedbi postopka organi druge države pogodbenice, ki so bili tedaj pristojni na podlagi 5. do 10. člena, zaprosili za ustrezne ukrepe, ki se še proučujejo.
2. Določbe prejšnjega odstavka ne veljajo, če so se organi, ki jim je bilo prvotno predloženo zaprosilo za sprejetje ukrepov, odpovedali svoji pristojnosti.
14. člen
Ukrepi, sprejeti za izvajanje 5. do 10. člena, ostanejo v veljavi v skladu z določenimi pogoji, čeprav zaradi spremenjenih okoliščin ni več podlage za pristojnost, dokler jih organi, pristojni v skladu s konvencijo, ne spremenijo, nadomestijo ali odpravijo.
III. POGLAVJE – PRAVO, KI SE UPORABLJA
15. člen
1. Organi držav pogodbenic pri izvajanju pristojnosti na podlagi določb II. poglavja uporabljajo svoje pravo.
2. Če pa je to potrebno zaradi varstva otroka ali njegovega premoženja, lahko izjemoma uporabljajo ali upoštevajo pravo druge države, s katero je primer dejansko povezan.
3. Ob prenosu otrokovega običajnega prebivališča v drugo državo pogodbenico pravo te druge države od prenosa dalje ureja pogoje izvajanja ukrepov, sprejetih v državi prejšnjega običajnega prebivališča.
16. člen
1. Zakonito dodelitev ali prenehanje starševske odgovornosti brez posredovanja sodnih ali upravnih organov ureja pravo države, v kateri je otrokovo običajno prebivališče.
2. Dodelitev ali prenehanje starševske odgovornosti s sporazumom ali enostranskim aktom brez posredovanja sodnih ali upravnih organov ureja pravo države, v kateri je otrokovo običajno prebivališče ob začetku veljavnosti sporazuma ali enostranskega akta.
3. Starševska odgovornost po pravu države, v kateri je otrokovo običajno prebivališče, se ohrani po prenosu običajnega prebivališča v drugo državo.
4. Če se otrokovo običajno prebivališče spremeni, ureja zakonito dodelitev starševske odgovornosti osebi, ki take odgovornosti še nima, pravo države, v kateri je novo otrokovo običajno prebivališče.
17. člen
Izvajanje starševske odgovornosti ureja pravo države, v kateri je otrokovo običajno prebivališče. Če se otrokovo običajno prebivališče spremeni, starševsko odgovornost ureja pravo države, v kateri je novo otrokovo običajno prebivališče.
18. člen
Starševska odgovornost, omenjena v 16. členu, se lahko odpravi ali pogoji njenega izvajanja spremenijo z ukrepi, sprejetimi na podlagi te konvencije.
19. člen
1. Veljavnost dogovora, sklenjenega med tretjim in drugo osebo, ki bi bila upravičena delovati kot otrokov zakoniti zastopnik po pravu države, v kateri je bil dogovor sklenjen, se ne more izpodbijati niti se tretji ne more šteti za odgovornega samo zato, ker druga oseba ni bila upravičena delovati kot otrokov zakoniti zastopnik v skladu s pravom, navedenim v določbah tega poglavja, razen če je tretji vedel ali bi moral vedeti, da to pravo ureja starševsko odgovornost.
2. Prejšnji odstavek se uporablja le, če je dogovor sklenjen med osebami, ki so na ozemlju iste države.
20. člen
Določbe tega poglavja se uporabljajo tudi tedaj, ko je pravo, ki ga omenjajo, pravo države, ki ni pogodbenice.
21. člen
1. V tem poglavju izraz »pravo« pomeni pravo, ki velja v določeni državi, ne pa kolizijskih pravil.
2. Če pa je pravo, ki se uporablja na podlagi 16. člena, pravo države, ki ni pogodbenica, in kolizijska pravila te države določajo pravo neke druge države, ki ni pogodbenica in bi uporabljala svoje pravo, se uporablja pravo te druge države. Če ta druga država, ki ni pogodbenica, ne bi uporabljala svojega prava, se uporablja pravo, ki ga določa 16. člen.
22. člen
Uporaba prava, določenega v določbah tega poglavja, se lahko zavrne le, če bi bila očitno v nasprotju z javnim redom in ob upoštevanju otrokovih koristi.
IV. POGLAVJE – PRIZNAVANJE IN UVELJAVLJANJE
23. člen
1. Ukrepi, ki jih sprejmejo organi države pogodbenice, se zakonito priznajo v vseh drugih državah pogodbenicah.
2. Vendar se priznanje lahko zavrne,
a če je ukrep sprejel organ, katerega pristojnost ne izhaja iz določb II. poglavja;
b če je bil ukrep sprejet, razen v primeru nujnosti, v sodnem ali upravnem postopku, ne da bi bila otroku dana možnost, da pove svoje mnenje, ob kršenju temeljnih načel procesnega prava zaprošene države;
c na zaprosilo osebe, ki trdi, da ukrep posega v njeno starševsko odgovornost, če je bil tak ukrep sprejet, razen v primeru nujnosti, ne da bi bila tej osebi dana možnost, da pove svoje mnenje;
d če je priznanje očitno v nasprotju z javnim redom zaprošene države ob upoštevanju otrokovih koristi;
e če je ukrep nezdružljiv z ukrepom, ki je bil pozneje sprejet v državi otrokovega običajnega prebivališča, ki ni pogodbenica, če ta ukrep izpolnjuje zahteve za priznanje v zaprošeni državi;
f če se ni ravnalo v skladu s postopkom, določenim v 33. členu.
24. člen
Ne glede na prvi odstavek 23. člena lahko vsaka zainteresirana oseba pristojne organe države pogodbenice zaprosi, da odločajo o tem, ali se ukrep, sprejet v drugi državi pogodbenici, prizna ali ne. Postopek ureja pravo zaprošene države.
25. člen
Organ zaprošene države zavezujejo razsodbe, temelječe na dejstvih, ki so podlaga za pristojnost organa države, ki je sprejel ukrep.
26. člen
1. Če je treba ukrepe, sprejete in pravnomočne v eni od držav pogodbenic, uveljaviti v drugi državi pogodbenici, se v tej drugi državi pogodbenici na zaprosilo zainteresirane strani razglasijo za pravnomočne ali se evidentirajo za uveljavitev v skladu s postopkom, ki ga določa pravo te države.
2. Vsaka država pogodbenica za razglasitev pravnomočnosti ali evidentiranje uporablja enostavni in hitri postopek.
3. Razglasitev pravnomočnosti ali evidentiranje se lahko zavrne le na podlagi enega od razlogov, določenih v drugem odstavku 23. člena.
27. člen
Razen revizije, potrebne pri uporabi prejšnjih členov, se vsebina sprejetega ukrepa ne revidira.
28. člen
Ukrepi, ki jih je sprejela ena država pogodbenica in jih je druga država pogodbenica razglasila za pravnomočne ali evidentirala za uveljavitev, se v tej drugi državi uveljavijo, kot da so jih sprejeli organi te države. Ukrepi se uveljavijo v skladu s pravom zaprošene države in v obsegu, ki ga to pravo določa, ob upoštevanju otrokovih koristi.
V. POGLAVJE – SODELOVANJE
29. člen
1. Država pogodbenica določi osrednji organ, ki izpolnjuje obveznosti, ki so po konvenciji določene za tak organ.
2. Zvezne države, države z več kot enim pravnim sistemom ali države, ki imajo avtonomne ozemeljske enote, lahko določijo več osrednjih organov in navedejo ozemeljski ali osebni obseg njihovih funkcij. Če je država določila več osrednjih organov, določi osrednji organ, ki se mu lahko pošiljajo prošnje, da jih pošlje naprej ustreznemu osrednjemu organu v tej državi.
30. člen
1. Osrednji organi sodelujejo med seboj in spodbujajo sodelovanje med pristojnimi organi v svojih državah, da bi zagotovili uresničevanje ciljev te konvencije.
2. Pri uporabi te konvencije sprejemajo ustrezne ukrepe, da bi zagotovili obveščanje o svojem pravu in storitvah, ki so v njihovi državi na voljo glede varstva otroka.
31. člen
Osrednji organ države pogodbenice neposredno ali s pomočjo javnih organov ali drugih organov sprejema ustrezne ukrepe, da se
a olajša sporazumevanje in ponudi pomoč, določena v 8. in 9. členu ter v tem poglavju;
b s posredovanjem, spravo ali drugim podobnimi sredstvi omogoči sporazumno reševanje glede varstva otroka ali njegovega premoženja v razmerah, v katerih se uporablja konvencija;
c na prošnjo pristojnega organa druge države pogodbenice pomaga odkriti kraj, kjer je otrok, če se zdi, da je otrok na ozemlju zaprošene države in potrebuje varstvo.
32. člen
Na utemeljeno prošnjo osrednjega ali drugega pristojnega organa države pogodbenice, s katero je otrok dejansko povezan, lahko osrednji organ države pogodbenice, v kateri ima otrok običajno prebivališče in v kateri je, neposredno ali s pomočjo javnih ali drugih organov
a priskrbi poročilo o otrokovih razmerah;
b zaprosi, da pristojni organ njegove države premisli, ali je treba sprejeti ukrepe za varstvo otroka ali njegovega premoženja.
33. člen
1. Če namerava organ, pristojen na podlagi 5. do 10. člena, otroka namestiti v rejniško družino ali zavod ali kafalo ali podobno ustanovo in naj bi bila ta namestitev ali zagotovitev varstva otroka v drugi državi pogodbenici, se najprej posvetuje z osrednjim ali drugim pristojnim organom te druge države. V ta namen mu pošlje poročilo o otroku in razlogih za predlagano namestitev ali zagotovitev varstva.
2. Odločba o namestitvi ali zagotovitvi varstva se lahko v državi prosilki sprejme le, če je osrednji ali drug pristojni organ zaprošene države odobril to namestitev ali zagotovitev varstva ob upoštevanju otrokovih koristi.
34. člen
1. Če se namerava sprejeti varstveni ukrep, lahko organi, pristojni na podlagi konvencije, če to zahtevajo otrokove razmere, zaprosijo za informacije kateri koli organ druge države pogodbenice, ki ima informacije, pomembne za varstvo otroka.
2. Država pogodbenica lahko izjavi, da se prošnje na podlagi prvega odstavka njenim organom pošiljajo samo prek njenega osrednjega organa.
35. člen
1. Pristojni organi države pogodbenice lahko organe druge države pogodbenice zaprosijo, da jim pomagajo pri uresničevanju varstvenih ukrepov, sprejetih na podlagi konvencije, predvsem pri zagotavljanju dejanskega uresničevanja pravice do stikov in pravice do vzdrževanja rednih neposrednih stikov.
2. Organi države pogodbenice, v kateri otrok nima običajnega prebivališča, lahko na prošnjo tistega od staršev, ki prebiva v tej državi in želi pridobiti ali obdržati pravico do stikov, zberejo podatke ali dokaze in razsodijo o primernosti tega od staršev in o pogojih za uresničevanje stikov. Organ, pristojen za odločanje o vlogi za stike z otrokom na podlagi 5. do 10. člena, dopusti take podatke, dokaze in ugotovitve ter jih prouči, preden sprejme odločitev.
3. Organ, pristojen na podlagi 5. do 10. člena za odločanje o stikih, lahko pred sprejetjem odločitve glede prošnje, vložene na podlagi drugega odstavka, preloži postopek, predvsem če obravnava vlogo za omejitev ali ukinitev pravic do stikov, ki so bile dane v državi, v kateri je imel otrok prejšnje običajno prebivališče.
4. Določbe tega člena organu, pristojnemu na podlagi 5. do 10. člena, ne preprečujejo sprejetja začasnih ukrepov pred sprejetjem odločitve glede prošnje, vložene na podlagi drugega odstavka.
36. člen
Kadar je otrok v resni nevarnosti, pristojni organi države pogodbenice, v kateri so bili sprejeti ali se proučujejo ukrepi za otrokovo varstvo, če so obveščeni o prenosu otrokovega prebivališča v drugo državo ali o tem, da je otrok v drugi državi, obvestijo organe te države o tej nevarnosti in ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti ali se proučujejo.
37. člen
Organ na podlagi tega poglavja ne zaprosi za informacije ali jih ne da, če meni, da bi to verjetno ogrozilo otroka ali njegovo premoženje ali bi pomenilo resno grožnjo za svobodo ali življenje člana otrokove družine.
38. člen
1. Ne glede na možnost, da lahko zahtevajo plačilo razumnih stroškov za opravljene storitve, osrednji organi in drugi javni organi držav pogodbenic krijejo vsak svoje stroške, nastale pri uporabi določb tega poglavja.
2. Vsaka država pogodbenica lahko z eno ali več držav pogodbenic sklene sporazum o delitvi stroškov.
39. člen
Vsaka država pogodbenica lahko z eno ali več držav pogodbenic sklene sporazume o boljšem medsebojnem izvajanju določb tega poglavja. Države, ki so sklenile tak sporazum, en izvod pošljejo depozitarju konvencije.
VI. POGLAVJE – SPLOŠNE DOLOČBE
40. člen
1. Organi države pogodbenice, v kateri je otrokovo običajno prebivališče, ali države pogodbenice, v kateri je bil sprejet varstveni ukrep, lahko osebi s starševsko odgovornostjo ali osebi, ki ji je zaupano varstvo otroka ali njegovega premoženja, na njeno prošnjo izdajo potrdilo, da lahko opravlja naloge in da so ji bila dana pooblastila, na podlagi katerih je upravičena ukrepati.
2. Šteje se, da so sposobnosti in pooblastila, navedena v potrdilu, dodeljena tej osebi, če ni dokazano nasprotno.
3. Država pogodbenica imenuje organe, ki so pooblaščeni za izdajo navedenega potrdila.
41. člen
Osebni podatki, zbrani ali dani v skladu s konvencijo, se lahko uporabljajo le za namene, za katere so bili zbrani ali dani.
42. člen
Organi, ki so jim podatki dani, zagotavljajo zaupnost podatkov v skladu s pravom svoje države.
43. člen
Dokumenti, poslani ali izdani v skladu s konvencijo, so oproščeni sodnega overjanja ali podobnih formalnosti.
44. člen
Vsaka država pogodbenica lahko imenuje organe, ki se jim morajo poslati prošnje po 8., 9. in 33. členu.
45. člen
1. Imenovanja, omenjena v 29. in 44. členu, se sporočijo Stalnemu uradu Haaške konference o mednarodnem zasebnem pravu.
2. Izjava, omenjena v drugem odstavku 34. člena, se da depozitarju konvencije.
46. člen
Državi pogodbenici, v kateri se za varstvo otroka ali premoženja uporabljajo različni pravni sistemi ali pravni predpisi, ni treba uporabljati pravil konvencije glede razhajanj med temi različnimi pravnimi sistemi ali pravnimi predpisi.
47. člen
V državi, v kateri se uporabljata dva ali več pravnih sistemov ali pravnih predpisov, ki se nanašajo na vprašanja, ki jih ureja ta konvencija, imajo v različnih ozemeljskih enotah posamezni izrazi naslednji pomen:
1. običajno prebivališče v tej državi pomeni običajno prebivališče v ozemeljski enoti te države;
2. navzočnost otroka v tej državi pomeni navzočnost otroka v ozemeljski enoti;
3. kraj otrokovega premoženja v tej državi pomeni kraj otrokovega premoženja v ozemeljski enoti;
4. država, katere državljanstvo ima otrok, pomeni ozemeljsko enoto, določeno v skladu s pravom te države, če ustreznih določb ni, pa ozemeljsko enoto, s katero je otrok najtesneje povezan;
5. država, katere organi so prejeli vlogo za razvezo zakonske zveze ali ločitev ali razveljavitev zakonske zveze otrokovih staršev, pomeni ozemeljsko enoto, katere organi so prejeli tako vlogo;
6. država, s katero je otrok dejansko povezan, pomeni ozemeljsko enoto, s katero je otrok tako povezan;
7. država, v katero je bil otrok odpeljan ali je bil v njej zadržan, pomeni ozemeljsko enoto, v katero je bil odpeljan ali je bil v njej zadržan;
8. organi te države, ki niso osrednji organi, pomenijo organe, ki so pooblaščeni za delovanje v določeni ozemeljski enoti;
9. pravo, postopek ali organ države, v kateri je bil ukrep sprejet, pomeni pravo, postopek ali organ ozemeljske enote, v kateri je bil ta ukrep sprejet;
10. pravo, postopek ali organ zaprošene države pomeni pravo, postopek ali organ ozemeljske enote, v kateri se poskuša pridobiti priznanje ali uveljavitev.
48. člen
Za določitev prava, ki se uporablja na podlagi III. poglavja za državo, sestavljeno iz dveh ali več ozemeljskih enot, od katerih ima vsaka svoj pravni sistem ali svoje pravne predpise, glede vprašanj, ki jih ureja ta konvencija, se uporabljajo naslednja pravila:
a če v taki državi obstajajo veljavna pravila, ki določajo ozemeljsko enoto, katere pravo se uporablja, se uporablja pravo te enote;
b če takih pravil ni, se uporablja pravo ozemeljske enote, določene v 47. členu.
49. člen
Za določitev prava, ki se uporablja na podlagi III. poglavja za državo z dvema ali več pravnimi sistemi ali pravnimi predpisi, ki se uporabljajo za različne kategorije oseb glede zadev, ki jih ureja ta konvencija, se uporabljajo naslednja pravila:
a če v tej državi obstajajo veljavna pravila, ki določajo, katero tako pravo se uporablja, se uporablja to pravo;
b če takih pravil ni, se uporablja pravo sistema ali pravni predpisi, s katerimi je otrok najtesneje povezan.
50. člen
Ta konvencija ne vpliva na uporabo Konvencije z dne 25. oktobra 1980 o civilnopravnih vidikih mednarodne ugrabitve otrok med pogodbenicami obeh konvencij. Vendar pa nič ne preprečuje, da bi se za vrnitev otroka, ki je bil nezakonito odpeljan ali zadržan, ali za zagotovitev pravice do stikov lahko uveljavile določbe te konvencije.
51. člen
Ta konvencija v odnosih med državami pogodbenicami brez poseganja v priznanje ukrepov, sprejetih na podlagi Konvencije z dne 5. oktobra 1961, nadomešča Konvencijo, ki ureja skrbništvo nad mladoletnimi osebami, podpisano 12. junija 1902 v Haagu.
52. člen
1. Ta konvencija ne vpliva na mednarodne dokumente, katerih pogodbenice so pogodbenice te konvencije in ki vsebujejo določbe o zadevah, ki jih ureja konvencija, razen če države pogodbenice, ki jih zavezujejo taki dokumenti, ne izjavijo drugače.
2. Konvencija ne vpliva na možnost, da ena ali več držav pogodbenic sklene sporazume, ki glede na otrokovo običajno prebivališče v eni od držav pogodbenic takih sporazumov, vsebujejo določbe o vprašanjih, ki jih ureja ta konvencija.
3. Sporazumi, ki jih mora skleniti ena ali več držav pogodbenic o vprašanjih, ki jih zajema ta konvencija, v odnosih teh držav z drugimi državami pogodbenicami ne vplivajo na določbe te konvencije.
4. Prejšnji odstavki se uporabljajo tudi za enotne zakone, ki temeljijo na posebnih regionalnih ali drugačnih vezeh med zadevnimi državami.
53. člen
1. Konvencija se uporablja za ukrepe le, če so ti v državi sprejeti po uveljavitvi konvencije za to državo.
2. Konvencija se uporablja za priznanje in uveljavitev ukrepov, sprejetih po njeni uveljavitvi v državi, v kateri so bili ukrepi sprejeti, in v zaprošeni državi.
54. člen
1. Sporočila, poslana osrednjemu organu ali drugemu organu države pogodbenice, se pošiljajo v izvirnem jeziku s prevodom v uradni jezik ali enega od uradnih jezikov te druge države, ali če tak prevod ni mogoč, s prevodom v francoski ali angleški jezik.
2. Vendar pa lahko država pogodbenica z izraženim pridržkom v skladu s 60. členom nasprotuje uporabi francoskega ali angleškega jezika, ne pa uporabi obeh.
55. člen
1. V skladu s 60. členom lahko država pogodbenica:
a zadrži pristojnost svojih organov za sprejetje ukrepov za varstvo otrokovega premoženja, ki je na njenem ozemlju;
b si pridrži pravico, da ne prizna starševske odgovornosti ali ukrepa, ki bi bil nezdružljiv z ukrepom, ki bi ga njeni organi sprejeli glede otrokovega premoženja.
2. Zadržanje pristojnosti se lahko omeji na določene vrste premoženja.
56. člen
Generalni sekretar Haaške konference o mednarodnem zasebnem pravu redno sklicuje Posebno komisijo, ki preverja praktično izvajanje konvencije.
VII. POGLAVJE – KONČNE DOLOČBE
57. člen
1. Ta konvencija je na voljo za podpis državam, ki so bile članice Haaške konference o mednarodnem zasebnem pravu ob njenem osemnajstem zasedanju.
2. Ta konvencija se ratificira, sprejme ali odobri, listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi pa se deponirajo pri Ministrstvu za zunanje zadeve Kraljevine Nizozemske, ki je depozitar konvencije.
58. člen
1. H konvenciji lahko pristopi vsaka država, potem ko je ta začela veljati v skladu s prvim odstavkom 61. člena.
2. Pristopna listina se deponira pri depozitarju.
3. Tak pristop velja le za odnose med državo, ki je pristopila, in tistimi državami pogodbenicami, ki temu pristopu niso ugovarjale v šestih mesecih od prejema uradnega obvestila, omenjenega v pododstavku b) 63. člena. Ugovor lahko dajo države ob ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi konvencije. O vsakem ugovoru je treba obvestiti depozitarja.
59. člen
1. Če ima država dve ali več ozemeljskih enot z različnimi pravnimi sistemi glede zadev, ki jih obravnava konvencija, lahko ob podpisu, ratifikaciji, sprejemu, odobritvi ali pristopu izjavi, da se konvencija razširi na vse ozemeljske enote ali samo na eno ali več ozemeljskih enot, in sme to izjavo kadar koli spremeniti tako, da da drugo izjavo.
2. O vsaki izjavi je treba depozitarja uradno obvestiti, v njej pa morajo biti izrecno navedene ozemeljske enote, za katere se uporablja konvencija.
3. Če država v skladu s tem členom ne da izjave, se konvencija razširi na vse ozemeljske enote te države.
60. člen
1. Vsaka država pogodbenica lahko najpozneje ob ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu ali ko da izjavo po 59. členu, izrazi en ali oba pridržka, predvidena v drugem odstavku 54. člena in v 55. členu. Drugi pridržki niso dovoljeni.
2. Vsaka država lahko kadar koli umakne pridržek, ki ga je imela. Umik se sporoči depozitarju.
3. Pridržek preneha veljati prvi dan tretjega koledarskega meseca po uradnem obvestilu iz prejšnjega odstavka.
61. člen
1. Konvencija začne veljati prvi dan meseca po izteku trimesečnega obdobja po deponiranju tretje listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi v skladu s 57. členom.
2. Nato začne konvencija veljati:
a za države, ki jo ratificirajo, sprejmejo ali odobrijo pozneje ali k njej pristopijo prvi dan meseca po izteku trimesečnega obdobja po deponiranju listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu;
b za vsako državo, ki k njej pristopi, prvi dan meseca po treh mesecih po izteku šestmesečnega obdobja, predvidenega v tretjem odstavku 58. člena;
c za ozemeljsko enoto, na katero se je konvencija razširila v skladu z 59. členom, prvi dan meseca po izteku trimesečnega obdobja po uradnem obvestilu, navedenem v omenjenem členu.
62. člen
1. Država pogodbenica konvencije jo lahko odpove z uradnim pisnim obvestilom depozitarju. Odpoved se lahko omeji na določene ozemeljske enote, za katere velja konvencija.
2. Odpoved začne veljati prvi dan meseca po izteku dvanajstmesečnega obdobja, potem ko je depozitar prejel uradno obvestilo. Če je v uradnem obvestilu naveden daljši rok za veljavnost odpovedi, začne odpoved veljati ob izteku tega obdobja.
63. člen
Depozitar obvesti vse države članice Haaške konference o mednarodnem zasebnem pravu in države, ki so pristopile v skladu z 58. členom, o:
a podpisih, ratifikacijah, sprejetjih in odobritvah v skladu s 57. členom;
b pristopih in ugovorih k pristopom v skladu z 58. členom;
c datumu začetka veljavnosti konvencije v skladu z 61. členom;
d izjavah v skladu z drugim odstavkom 34. člena in 59. členom;
e sporazumih v skladu z 39. členom;
f pridržkih po drugem odstavku 54. člena in 55. členu ter njihovem umiku po drugem odstavku 60. člena;
g odpovedih v skladu s 47. členom.
Da bi to potrdili, so pravilno pooblaščeni podpisniki, podpisali to konvencijo.
Sestavljeno v Haagu 19. oktobra 1996 v francoskem in angleškem jeziku, pri čemer sta besedili enako verodostojni, v enem izvodu, ki se hrani v arhivu vlade Kraljevine Nizozemske, overjena kopija pa se po diplomatski poti pošlje vsaki državi, ki je bila članica Haaške konference o mednarodnem zasebnem pravu ob njenem osemnajstem zasedanju.
3. člen
Republika Slovenija bo ob deponiranju listine o ratifikaciji pri depozitarju podala izjavo, ki se glasi:
"V skladu z 29. členom Konvencije o pristojnosti, pravu, ki se uporablja, priznavanju, uveljavljanju in sodelovanju glede starševske odgovornosti in ukrepov za varstvo otrok Republika Slovenija izjavlja, da je Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve (Kotnikova 5, 1000 Ljubljana, tel.: 00386 1 478 3450, fax.: 00386 1 478 3456, E-mail.: gp.mdds@gov.si) osrednji organ, ki izpolnjuje obveznosti, določene s konvencijo.
V skladu z drugim odstavkom 34. člena konvencije Republika Slovenija izjavlja, da se prošnje na podlagi prvega odstavka 34. člena konvencije pošiljajo pristojnim organom samo preko Ministrstva za delo, družino in socialne zadeve."
4. člen
Za izvajanje konvencije skrbi Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve.
5. člen
Ta zakon začne veljati naslednji dan po objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije – Mednarodne pogodbe.
Št. 700-01/04-80/1
Ljubljana, dne 15. julija 2004
EPA 1403-III
Predsednik
Državnega zbora
Republike Slovenije
Feri Horvat l. r.
