Na podlagi druge alinee prvega odstavka 107. člena in prvega odstavka 91. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije izdajam
U K A Z
O RAZGLASITVI ZAKONA O RATIFIKACIJI MEDNARODNE KONVENCIJE
O REŠEVANJU NA MORJU, 1989 (MKRM89)
Razglašam Zakon o ratifikaciji Mednarodne konvencije o reševanju na morju, 1989 (MKRM89), ki ga je sprejel Državni zbor Republike Slovenije na seji 15. julija 2005.
Št. 001-22-64/05
Ljubljana, 25. julija 2005
dr. Janez Drnovšek l. r.
Predsednik
Republike Slovenije
Z A K O N
O RATIFIKACIJI MEDNARODNE KONVENCIJE
O REŠEVANJU NA MORJU, 1989 (MKRM89)
1. člen
Ratificira se Mednarodna konvencija o reševanju na morju, 1989, sestavljena 28. aprila 1989 v Londonu.
2. člen
Besedilo konvencije se v izvirniku v angleškem jeziku ter prevodu v slovenskem jeziku glasi:*
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION
ON SALVAGE, 1989
THE STATES PARTIES TO THE PRESENT CONVENTION,
RECOGNIZING the desirability of determining by agreement uniform international rules regarding salvage operations,
NOTING that substantial developments, in particular the increased concern for the protection of the environment, have demonstrated the need to review the international rules presently contained in the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Assistance and Salvage at Sea, done at Brussels, 23 September 1910,
CONSCIOUS of the major contribution which efficient and timely salvage operations can make to the safety of vessels and other property in danger and to the protection of the environment,
CONVINCED of the need to ensure that adequate incentives are available to persons who undertake salvage operations in respect of vessels and other property in danger,
HAVE AGREED as follows:
Chapter I – General provisions
Article 1
Definitions
For the purpose of this Convention:
(a) Salvage operation means any act or activity undertaken to assist a vessel or any other property in danger in navigable waters or in any other waters whatsoever.
(b) Vessel means any ship or craft, or any structure capable of navigation.
(c) Property means any property not permanently and intentionally attached to the shoreline and includes freight at risk.
(d) Damage to the environment means substantial physical damage to human health or to marine life or resources in coastal or inland waters or areas adjacent thereto, caused by pollution, contamination, fire, explosion or similar major incidents.
(e) Payment means any reward, remuneration or compensation due under this Convention.
(f) Organization means the International Maritime Organization.
(g) Secretary-General means the Secretary-General of the Organization.
Article 2
Application of the Convention
This Convention shall apply whenever judicial or arbitral proceedings relating to matters dealt with in this Convention are brought in a State Party.
Article 3
Platforms and drilling units
This Convention shall not apply to fixed or floating platforms or to mobile offshore drilling units when such platforms or units are on location engaged in the exploration, exploitation or production of sea-bed mineral resources.
Article 4
State-owned vessels
1 Without prejudice to article 5, this Convention shall not apply to warships or other non-commercial vessels owned or operated by a State and entitled, at the time of salvage operations, to sovereign immunity under generally recognized principles of international law unless that State decides otherwise.
2 Where a State Party decides to apply the Convention to its warships or other vessels described in paragraph 1, it shall notify the Secretary-General thereof specifying the terms and conditions of such application.
Article 5
Salvage operations controlled by public authorities
1 This Convention shall not affect any provisions of national law or any international convention relating to salvage operations by or under the control of public authorities.
2 Nevertheless, salvors carrying out such salvage operations shall be entitled to avail themselves of the rights and remedies provided for in this Convention in respect of salvage operations.
3 The extent to which a public authority under a duty to perform salvage operations may avail itself of the rights and remedies provided for in this Convention shall be determined by the law of the State where such authority is situated.
Article 6
Salvage contracts
1 This Convention shall apply to any salvage operations save to the extent that a contract otherwise provides expressly or by implication.
2 The master shall have the authority to conclude contracts for salvage operations on behalf of the owner of the vessel. The master or the owner of the vessel shall have the authority to conclude such contracts on behalf of the owner of the property on board the vessel.
3 Nothing in this article shall affect the application of article 7 nor duties to prevent or minimize damage to the environment.
Article 7
Annulment and modification of contracts
A contract or any terms thereof may be annulled or modified if:
(a) the contract has been entered into under undue influence or the influence of danger and its terms are inequitable; or
(b) the payment under the contract is in an excessive degree too large or too small for the services actually rendered.
Chapter II – Performance of salvage operations
Article 8
Duties of the salvor and of the owner and master
1 The salvor shall owe a duty to the owner of the vessel or other property in danger:
(a) to carry out the salvage operations with due care;
(b) in performing the duty specified in subparagraph (a), to exercise due care to prevent or minimize damage to the environment;
(c) whenever circumstances reasonably require, to seek assistance from other salvors; and
(d) to accept the intervention of other salvors when reasonably requested to do so by the owner or master of the vessel or other property in danger; provided however that the amount of his reward shall not be prejudiced should it be found that such a request was unreasonable.
2 The owner and master of the vessel or the owner of other property in danger shall owe a duty to the salvor:
(a) to co-operate fully with him during the course of the salvage operations;
(b) in so doing, to exercise due care to prevent or minimize damage to the environment; and
(c) when the vessel or other property has been brought to a place of safety, to accept redelivery when reasonably requested by the salvor to do so.
Article 9
Rights of coastal States
Nothing in this Convention shall affect the right of the coastal State concerned to take measures in accordance with generally recognized principles of international law to protect its coastline or related interests from pollution or the threat of pollution following upon a maritime casualty or acts relating to such a casualty which may reasonably be expected to result in major harmful consequences, including the right of a coastal State to give directions in relation to salvage operations.
Article 10
Duty to render assistance
1 Every master is bound, so far as he can do so without serious danger to his vessel and persons thereon, to render assistance to any person in danger of being lost at sea.
2 The States Parties shall adopt the measures necessary to enforce the duty set out in paragraph 1.
3 The owner of the vessel shall incur no liability for a breach of the duty of the master under paragraph 1.
Article 11
Co-operation
A State Party shall, whenever regulating or deciding upon matters relating to salvage operations such as admittance to ports of vessels in distress or the provision of facilities to salvors, take into account the need for co-operation between salvors, other interested parties and public authorities in order to ensure the efficient and successful performance of salvage operations for the purpose of saving life or property in danger as well as preventing damage to the environment in general.
Chapter III – Rights of salvors
Article 12
Conditions for reward
1 Salvage operations which have had a useful result give right to a reward.
2 Except as otherwise provided, no payment is due under this Convention if the salvage operations have had no useful result.
3 This chapter shall apply, notwithstanding that the salved vessel and the vessel undertaking the salvage operations belong to the same owner.
Article 13
Criteria for fixing the reward
1 The reward shall be fixed with a view to encouraging salvage operations, taking into account the following criteria without regard to the order in which they are presented below:
(a) the salved value of the vessel and other property;
(b) the skill and efforts of the salvors in preventing or minimizing damage to the environment;
(c) the measure of success obtained by the salvor;
(d) the nature and degree of the danger;
(e) the skill and efforts of the salvors in salving the vessel, other property and life;
(f) the time used and expenses and losses incurred by the salvors;
(g) the risk of liability and other risks run by the salvors or their equipment;
(h) the promptness of the services rendered;
(i) the availability and use of vessels or other equipment intended for salvage operations;
(j) the state of readiness and efficiency of the salvor's equipment and the value thereof.
2 Payment of a reward fixed according to paragraph 1 shall be made by all of the vessel and other property interests in proportion to their respective salved values. However, a State Party may in its national law provide that the payment of a reward has to be made by one of these interests, subject to a right of recourse of this interest against the other interests for their respective shares. Nothing in this article shall prevent any right of defence.
3 The rewards, exclusive of any interest and recoverable legal costs that may be payable thereon, shall not exceed the salved value of the vessel and other property.
Article 14
Special compensation
1 If the salvor has carried out salvage operations in respect of a vessel which by itself or its cargo threatened damage to the environment and has failed to earn a reward under article 13 at least equivalent to the special compensation assessable in accordance with this article, he shall be entitled to special compensation from the owner of that vessel equivalent to his expenses as herein defined.
2 If, in the circumstances set out in paragraph 1, the salvor by his salvage operations has prevented or minimized damage to the environment, the special compensation payable by the owner to the salvor under paragraph 1 may be increased up to a maximum of 30% of the expenses incurred by the salvor. However, the tribunal, if it deems it fair and just to do so and bearing in mind the relevant criteria set out in article 13, paragraph 1, may increase such special compensation further, but in no event shall the total increase be more than 100% of the expenses incurred by the salvor.
3 Salvor's expenses for the purpose of paragraphs 1 and 2 means the out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred by the salvor in the salvage operation and a fair rate for equipment and personnel actually and reasonably used in the salvage operation, taking into consideration the criteria set out in article 13, paragraph 1(h), (i) and (j).
4 The total special compensation under this article shall be paid only if and to the extent that such compensation is greater than any reward recoverable by the salvor under article 13.
5 If the salvor has been negligent and has thereby failed to prevent or minimize damage to the environment, he may be deprived of the whole or part of any special compensation due under this article.
6 Nothing in this article shall affect any right of recourse on the part of the owner of the vessel.
Article 15
Apportionment between salvors
1 The apportionment of a reward under article 13 between salvors shall be made on the basis of the criteria contained in that article.
2 The apportionment between the owner, master and other persons in the service of each salving vessel shall be determined by the law of the flag of that vessel. If the salvage has not been carried out from a vessel, the apportionment shall be determined by the law governing the contract between the salvor and his servants.
Article 16
Salvage of persons
1 No remuneration is due from persons whose lives are saved, but nothing in this article shall affect the provisions of national law on this subject.
2 A salvor of human life, who has taken part in the services rendered on the occasion of the accident giving rise to salvage, is entitled to a fair share of the payment awarded to the salvor for salving the vessel or other property or preventing or minimizing damage to the environment.
Article 17
Services rendered under existing contracts
No payment is due under the provisions of this Convention unless the services rendered exceed what can be reasonably considered as due performance of a contract entered into before the danger arose.
Article 18
The effect of salvor's misconduct
A salvor may be deprived of the whole or part of the payment due under this Convention to the extent that the salvage operations have become necessary or more difficult because of fault or neglect on his part or if the salvor has been guilty of fraud or other dishonest conduct.
Article 19
Prohibition of salvage operations
Services rendered notwithstanding the express and reasonable prohibition of the owner or master of the vessel or the owner of any other property in danger which is not and has not been on board the vessel shall not give rise to payment under this Convention.
Chapter IV – Claims and actions
Article 20
Maritime lien
1 Nothing in this Convention shall affect the salvor's maritime lien under any international convention or national law.
2 The salvor may not enforce his maritime lien when satisfactory security for his claim, including interest and costs, has been duly tendered or provided.
Article 21
Duty to provide security
1 Upon the request of the salvor a person liable for a payment due under this Convention shall provide satisfactory security for the claim, including interest and costs of the salvor.
2 Without prejudice to paragraph 1, the owner of the salved vessel shall use his best endeavours to ensure that the owners of the cargo provide satisfactory security for the claims against them including interest and costs before the cargo is released.
3 The salved vessel and other property shall not, without the consent of the salvor, be removed from the port or place at which they first arrive after the completion of the salvage operations until satisfactory security has been put up for the salvor's claim against the relevant vessel or property.
Article 22
Interim payment
1 The tribunal having jurisdiction over the claim of the salvor may, by interim decision, order that the salvor shall be paid on account such amount as seems fair and just, and on such terms including terms as to security where appropriate, as may be fair and just according to the circumstances of the case.
2 In the event of an interim payment under this article the security provided under article 21 shall be reduced accordingly.
Article 23
Limitation of actions
1 Any action relating to payment under this Convention shall be time-barred if judicial or arbitral proceedings have not been instituted within a period of two years. The limitation period commences on the day on which the salvage operations are terminated.
2 The person against whom a claim is made at any time during the running of the limitation period extend that period by a declaration to the claimant. This period may in the like manner be further extended.
3 An action for indemnity by a person liable may be instituted even after the expiration of the limitation period provided for in the preceding paragraphs, if brought within the time allowed by the law of the State where proceedings are instituted.
Article 24
Interest
The right of the salvor to interest on any payment due under this Convention shall be determined according to the law of the State in which the tribunal seized of the case is situated.
Article 25
State-owned cargoes
Unless the State owner consents, no provision of this Convention shall be used as a basis for the seizure, arrest or detention by any legal process of, nor for any proceedings in rem against, non-commercial cargoes owned by a State and entitled, at the time of the salvage operations, to sovereign immunity under generally recognized principles of international law.
Article 26
Humanitarian cargoes
No provision of this Convention shall be used as a basis for the seizure, arrest or detention of humanitarian cargoes donated by a State, if such State has agreed to pay for salvage services rendered in respect of such humanitarian cargoes.
Article 27
Publication of arbitral awards
States Parties shall encourage, as far as possible and with the consent of the parties, the publication of arbitral awards made in salvage cases.
Chapter V – Final clauses
Article 28
Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval and accession
1 This Convention shall be open for signature at the Headquarters of the Organization from 1 July 1989 to 30 June 1990 and shall thereafter remain open for accession.
2 States may express their consent to be bound by this Convention by:
(a) signature without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval; or
(b) signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval, followed by ratification, acceptance of approval; or
(c) accession.
3 Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument to that effect with the Secretary-General.
Article 29
Entry into force
1 This Convention shall enter into force one year after the date on which 15 States have expressed their consent to be bound by it.
2 For a State which expresses its consent to be bound by this Convention after the conditions for entry into force thereof have been met, such consent shall take effect one year after the date of expression of such consent.
Article 30
Reservations
1 Any State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, reserve the right not to apply the provisions of this Convention:
(a) when the salvage operation takes place in inland waters and all vessels involved are of inland navigation;
(b) when the salvage operations take place in inland waters and no vessel is involved;
(c) when all interested parties are nationals of that State;
(d) when the property involved is maritime cultural property of prehistoric, archaeological or historic interest and is situated on the sea-bed.
2 Reservations made at the time of signature are subject to confirmation upon ratification, acceptance or approval.
3 Any State which has made a reservation to this Convention may withdraw it at any time by means of a notification addressed to the Secretary-General. Such withdrawal shall take effect on the date the notification is received. If the notification states that the withdrawal of a reservation is to take effect on a date specified therein, and such date is later than the date the notification is received by the Secretary-General, the withdrawal shall take effect on such later date.
Article 31
Denunciation
1 This Convention may be denounced by any State Party at any time after the expiry of one year from the date on which this Convention enters into force for that State.
2 Denunciation shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of denunciation with the Secretary-General.
3 A denunciation shall take effect one year, or such longer period as may be specified in the instrument of denunciation, after the receipt of the instrument of denunciation by the Secretary-General.
Article 32
Revision and amendment
1 A conference for the purpose of revising or amending this Convention may be convened by the Organization.
2 The Secretary-General shall convene a conference of the States Parties to this Convention for revising or amending the Convention, at the request of eight States Parties, or one fourth of the States Parties, whichever is the higher figure.
3 Any consent to be bound by this Convention expressed after the date of entry into force of an amendment to this Convention shall be deemed to apply to the Convention as amended.
Article 33
Depositary
1 This Convention shall be deposited with the Secretary-General.
2 The Secretary-General shall:
(a) inform all States which have signed this Convention or acceded thereto, and all Members of the Organization, of:
(i) each new signature or deposit of an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession together with the date thereof;
(ii) the date of the entry into force of this Convention;
(iii) the deposit of any instrument of denunciation of this Convention together with the date on which it received and the date on which the denunciation takes effect;
(iv) any amendment adopted in conformity with article 32;
(v) the receipt of any reservation, declaration or notification made under this Convention;
(b) transmit certified true copies of this Convention to all States which have signed this Convention or acceded thereto.
3 As soon as this Convention enters into force, a certified true copy thereof shall be transmitted by the Depositary to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration and publication in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.
Article 34
Languages
This Convention is established in a single original in the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish languages, each text being equally authentic.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned being duly authorized by their respective Governments for that purpose have signed this Convention.
DONE AT LONDON this twenty-eighth day of April one thousand nine hundred and eighty-nine.
MEDNARODNA KONVENCIJA
O REŠEVANJU NA MORJU, 1989
DRŽAVE POGODBENICE TE KONVENCIJE SO SE
OB SPOZNANJU, da bi bilo zaželeno sporazumno določiti enotna mednarodna pravila o reševanju,
OB UGOTOVITVI, da bistvene razvojne spremembe, zlasti večja skrb za varstvo okolja, narekujejo potrebo po presoji mednarodnih pravil iz Konvencije o izenačitvi določenih pravil o nudenju pomoči in reševanju na morju, sestavljene v Bruslju 23. septembra 1910,
OB ZAVEDANJU, da učinkovito in pravočasno reševanje lahko pomembno prispeva k varnosti ogroženih plovil in drugega ogroženega premoženja ter k varstvu okolja,
V PREPRIČANJU, da je treba zagotoviti, da bodo osebe, ki opravljajo reševanje v zvezi z ogroženimi plovili in drugim ogroženim premoženjem, dobile ustrezne spodbude,
SPORAZUMELE:
I. poglavje – Splošne določbe
1. člen
Pomen izrazov
V tej konvenciji izrazi pomenijo:
a) reševanje pomeni dejanje ali dejavnost, začeto zato, da se pomaga ogroženemu plovilu ali drugemu ogroženemu premoženju v plovnih vodah ali katerih koli drugih vodah;
b) plovilo pomeni katero koli ladjo ali plovilo ali katero koli napravo, sposobno za plovbo;
c) premoženje pomeni vsakršno lastnino, ki ni stalno in namenoma privezana k obali, in vključuje ogrožen tovor;
d) škoda v okolju pomeni bistveno fizično škodo za človekovo zdravje ali življenje v morju ali morskih virih v obalnih ali celinskih vodah ali na njihovih sosednjih območjih, ki jo povzroči onesnaževanje, kontaminacija, požar, eksplozija ali podobne večje nezgode;
e) plačilo pomeni vsakršno nagrado, povračilo ali odškodnino, ki jo je treba plačati po tej konvenciji;
f) organizacija pomeni Mednarodno pomorsko organizacijo;
g) generalni sekretar pomeni generalnega sekretarja organizacije.
2. člen
Uporaba konvencije
Ta konvencija se uporablja, kadar je v državi pogodbenici uveden sodni ali arbitražni postopek v zvezi z zadevami, ki jih obravnava ta konvencija.
3. člen
Ploščadi in vrtalne enote
Ta konvencija se ne uporablja za pritrjene ali plavajoče ploščadi ali premične plavajoče vrtalne enote, kadar so te ploščadi ali enote tam, kjer se mineralne surovine z morskega dna raziskujejo, izkoriščajo ali proizvajajo.
4. člen
Plovila v državni lasti
1. Ne glede na 5. člen se ta konvencija ne uporablja za vojaške ladje ali druga negospodarska plovila, ki so v lasti države ali jih ta upravlja in so med reševanjem upravičeni do neomejene imunitete po splošno priznanih načelih mednarodnega prava, razen če ta država ne sklene drugače.
2. Kadar država pogodbenica sklene, da bo konvencijo uporabila za svoje vojaške ladje ali druga plovila iz prvega odstavka, o tem uradno obvesti generalnega sekretarja in pri tem natančno navede določbe ter pogoje take uporabe.
5. člen
Reševanje pod nadzorom organov oblasti
1. Ta konvencija ne vpliva na določbe notranje zakonodaje ali katero koli mednarodno konvencijo v zvezi z reševanjem, ki jih izvajajo organi oblasti ali se izvajajo pod njihovim nadzorom.
2. Kljub temu so reševalci, ki izvajajo tako reševanje, upravičeni do pravic in pravnih sredstev, ki jih glede reševanja zagotavlja ta konvencija.
3. Obseg pravic in pravnih sredstev, zagotovljenih s to konvencijo, do katerih je organ oblasti, odgovoren za izvajanje reševanja, upravičen, je določen z zakonodajo države, v kateri ima ta organ sedež.
6. člen
Pogodbe o reševanju
1. Ta konvencija se uporablja za vsakršno reševanje, razen kadar pogodba izrecno ali implicitno ne določa drugače.
2. Poveljnik plovila je pooblaščen, da v imenu lastnika plovila sklepa pogodbe o reševanju. Poveljnik plovila ali lastnik plovila je pooblaščen, da take pogodbe v imenu lastnika premoženja sklepa na plovilu.
3. Nobena določba tega člena ne vpliva na uporabo 7. člena ali na dolžnost, da je treba škodo v okolju preprečiti ali kar najbolj zmanjšati.
7. člen
Razveljavitev in sprememba pogodb
Pogodba ali katere koli njene določbe se lahko razveljavijo ali spremenijo, če:
a) je bila pogodba sklenjena pod nedovoljenim vplivanjem ali pod vplivom nevarnosti in so njeni pogoji nepravični ali
b) je plačilo po pogodbi pretirano visoko ali nizko za storitve, ki so bile dejansko opravljene.
II. poglavje – Izvajanje reševanja
8. člen
Dolžnosti reševalca in lastnika ter poveljnika
1. Reševalec je lastniku ogroženega plovila ali drugega ogroženega premoženja odgovoren:
a) za skrbno izvajanje reševanja;
b) pri opravljanju naloge iz točke a za skrbno preprečevanje ali kar največje zmanjšanje škode v okolju;
c) za iskanje pomoči pri drugih reševalcih, kadar okoliščine to upravičeno zahtevajo;
d) za sprejem intervencije drugih reševalcev, kadar lastnik ali poveljnik ogroženega plovila ali drugega ogroženega premoženja to upravičeno zahteva, vendar pod pogojem, da to ne vpliva na višino njegove nagrade, če se ugotovi, da je bila ta zahteva neupravičena.
2. Lastnik in poveljnik ogroženega plovila ali lastnik drugega ogroženega premoženja je reševalcu odgovoren, da:
a) med reševanjem v celoti sodeluje z njim;
b) pri tem z vso skrbnostjo preprečuje ali kar najbolj zmanjša škodo v okolju in
c) ko je plovilo ali drugo premoženje prepeljano na varen kraj, sprejme vračilo plovila, če reševalec to od njega upravičeno zahteva.
9. člen
Pravice obalnih držav
Nobena določba v tej konvenciji ne vpliva na pravico zadevne obalne države, da v skladu s splošno priznanimi načeli mednarodnega prava sprejme ukrepe za zaščito svoje obale ali interesov v zvezi z njo pred onesnaženjem ali grožnjo z onesnaženjem po nezgodi na morju ali dejanjih v zvezi s tako nezgodo, za katere se lahko razumno pričakujejo hujše škodljive posledice, vključno s pravico obalne države, da daje navodila v zvezi z reševanjem.
10. člen
Dolžnost pomagati
1. Vsak poveljnik mora vsakomur, ki je v nevarnosti, da bo izginil na morju, pomagati, če to lahko stori, ne da bi resno ogrozil svoje plovilo in osebe, ki so na njem.
2. Države pogodbenice sprejmejo ukrepe, potrebne za izpolnitev dolžnosti iz prvega odstavka.
3. Lastnik plovila ni odgovoren, če poveljnik krši dolžnost iz prvega odstavka.
11. člen
Sodelovanje
Kadar država pogodbenica zakonsko ureja ali odloča o zadevah, povezanih z reševanjem, kot je dovoljenje za vplutje ladje v stiski v pristanišče ali zagotavljanje sredstev za reševalce, upošteva potrebo po sodelovanju med reševalci, drugimi zainteresiranimi stranmi in organi oblasti, da zagotovi učinkovito in uspešno reševanje za ohranitev ogroženih življenj ali premoženja ter za preprečitev škode v okolju na splošno.
III. poglavje – Pravice reševalcev
12. člen
Pogoji za nagrado
1. Uspešno reševanje je podlaga za pravico do nagrade.
2. Če reševanje ni bilo uspešno, nagrade po tej konvenciji ni, razen če ni določeno drugače.
3. To poglavje se uporablja ne glede na to, da rešeno plovilo in plovilo, ki rešuje, pripadata istemu lastniku.
13. člen
Merila za določitev nagrade
1. Nagrada je določena zaradi spodbujanja reševanja, pri čemer se upoštevajo navedena merila ne glede na njihov vrstni red:
a) rešena vrednost plovila in drugega premoženja;
b) veščine in prizadevanje reševalcev pri preprečevanju ali kar največjem zmanjševanju škode v okolju;
c) uspeh, ki ga doseže reševalec;
d) vrsta in stopnja nevarnosti;
e) veščine in prizadevanje reševalcev za rešitev plovila, drugega premoženja in življenj;
f) porabljeni čas in stroški ter izgube reševalcev;
g) tveganje v zvezi z odgovornostjo in druga tveganja, ki so jim izpostavljeni reševalci ali njihova oprema;
h) hitrost pri opravljanju storitev;
i) dostopnost in uporaba plovil ali druge opreme, namenjene za reševanje;
j) stanje pripravljenosti in učinkovitost ter vrednost reševalne opreme.
2. Nagrado, določeno v skladu s prvim odstavkom, izplačajo vsi, ki imajo vložek v plovilu in drugem premoženju v sorazmerju z rešeno vrednostjo plovila in drugega premoženja. Država pogodbenica lahko v svoji notranji zakonodaji določi, da nagrado izplača le ena zainteresirana stran ob upoštevanju pravice do povračila od drugih zainteresiranih strani v skladu z njihovimi deleži. Nobena določba v tem členu ne preprečuje pravice do ugovora.
3. Nagrade brez morebitnih obresti in izterljivih pravnih stroškov ne smejo presegati rešene vrednosti plovila in drugega premoženja.
14. člen
Posebno nadomestilo
1. Če je reševalec reševal plovilo, ki je samo ali s svojim tovorom pretilo povzročiti škodo v okolju, in ni prejel nagrade iz 13. člena, vsaj enakovredne posebnemu nadomestilu, ovrednotenem v skladu s tem členom, je upravičen do posebnega nadomestila, ki mu ga lastnik tega plovila izplača v višini njegovih stroškov v skladu s tem členom.
2. Če je reševalec v okoliščinah iz prvega odstavka s svojim reševanjem preprečil ali kar najbolj zmanjšal škodo v okolju, se posebno nadomestilo, ki ga lastnik izplača reševalcu na podlagi prvega odstavka, lahko poveča za največ 30% stroškov, ki jih je imel reševalec. Če sodišče meni, da je to pošteno in pravično ter ob upoštevanju meril iz prvega odstavka 13. člena, lahko še poveča to posebno nadomestilo, vendar celotno povečanje v nobenem primeru ne sme preseči 100% stroškov, ki jih je imel reševalec.
3. Stroški reševalca iz prvega in drugega odstavka so gotovinski izdatki, ki jih je reševalec upravičeno imel pri reševanju, in običajna tarifa za opremo in osebje, ki so bili dejansko in upravičeno uporabljeni pri reševanju, ob upoštevanju meril iz točk prvega odstavka 13. člena.
4. Skupno posebno nadomestilo na podlagi tega člena se izplača samo, če je tako nadomestilo večje od nagrade, ki jo reševalec lahko izterja na podlagi 13. člena.
5. Če je bil reševalec malomaren in zaradi tega ni preprečil ali kar najbolj zmanjšal škode v okolju, se mu po tem členu lahko odvzame celotno posebno nadomestilo ali del posebnega nadomestila.
6. Nobena določba v tem členu ne vpliva na pravico do povračila, ki jo ima lastnik plovila.
15. člen
Porazdelitev med reševalci
1. Nagrada iz 13. člena se porazdeli med reševalce na podlagi meril iz navedenega člena.
2. Porazdelitev med lastnikom, poveljnikom in drugimi osebami, službujočimi na plovilu, ki rešuje, se določi po zakonodaji države zastave plovila. Če se reševanje ne opravlja s plovila, se porazdelitev določi po zakonodaji, ki ureja pogodbo med reševalcem in njegovimi uslužbenci.
16. člen
Reševanje oseb
1. Osebe, katerih življenje je rešeno, niso dolžne plačati povračila, vendar nobena določba v tem členu ne vpliva na določbe notranje zakonodaje v tej zadevi.
2. Reševalec človeškega življenja, ki je sodeloval pri pomoči ob nezgodi, zaradi katere je bilo potrebno reševanje, je upravičen do pravičnega deleža plačila, priznanega reševalcu za reševanje plovila ali drugega premoženja ali za preprečitev ali kar največje zmanjšanje škode v okolju.
17. člen
Storitve po veljavnih pogodbah
Če opravljene storitve ne presegajo tistega, kar se lahko razumno šteje za izpolnjevanje pogodbe, sklenjene pred nastankom nevarnosti, plačilo po določbah te konvencije ni potrebno.
18. člen
Posledice neustreznega ravnanja reševalca
Reševalec ni upravičen do celotnega ali delnega plačila po tej konvenciji, če je reševanje postalo potrebno ali oteženo zaradi njegove napake ali malomarnosti ali je zakrivil goljufijo ali drugo nepošteno ravnanje.
19. člen
Prepoved reševanja
Storitve, opravljene kljub izrecni in upravičeni prepovedi lastnika ali poveljnika ali lastnika katerega koli drugega ogroženega premoženja, ki ni in ga tudi ni bilo na plovilu, se po tej konvenciji ne plačujejo.
IV. poglavje – Terjatve in tožbe
20. člen
Pomorski privilegij
1. Nobena določba te konvencije ne vpliva na pomorski privilegij reševalca po mednarodnih konvencijah ali notranji zakonodaji.
2. Reševalec ne more uveljavljati svojega pomorskega privilegija, če je bilo pravilno ponujeno ali zagotovljeno zadovoljivo zavarovanje za njegove terjatve, vključno z obrestmi in stroški.
21. člen
Dolžnost zagotoviti zavarovanje
1. Oseba, odgovorna za plačilo po tej konvenciji, na zahtevo reševalca zagotovi zadovoljivo zavarovanje terjatev, vključno z obrestmi in stroški reševalca.
2. Ne glede na prvi odstavek si lastnik rešenega plovila čim bolj prizadeva doseči, da bodo lastniki tovora, še preden je tovor dan v promet, zagotovili zadovoljivo zavarovanje terjatev, vključno z obrestmi in stroški.
3. Rešeno plovilo in drugo premoženje se brez soglasja reševalca ne odstranita iz pristanišča ali s kraja, kamor sta po končanem reševanju najprej prispeli, dokler ni dano zadovoljivo zavarovanje terjatev reševalca do tega plovila ali premoženja.
22. člen
Vmesno plačilo
1. Sodišče, ki je pristojno za terjatev reševalca, lahko z začasno odredbo odredi, da se reševalcu plača pošten in pravičen znesek glede na dane okoliščine po poštenih in pravičnih pogojih, vključno s pogoji glede morebitnega zavarovanja.
2. Pri vmesnem plačilu se po tem členu zavarovanje iz 21. člena ustrezno zmanjša.
23. člen
Zastaranje tožb
1. Tožbe v zvezi s plačilom po tej konvenciji zastarajo, če sodni ali arbitražni postopki niso bili uvedeni v dveh letih. Rok zastaranja začne teči z dnem, ko je reševanje končano.
2. Oseba, proti kateri je vložena terjatev, lahko kadar koli pred potekom roka zastaranja to obdobje podaljša z izjavo, ki jo predloži vlagatelju terjatve. To obdobje se lahko na enak način ponovno podaljša.
3. Odškodninska tožba proti odgovorni osebi se lahko uvede celo po poteku roka zastaranja iz prejšnjih odstavkov, če je vložena v roku, ki ga določa zakonodaja države, v kateri je bil postopek uveden.
24. člen
Obresti
Pravica reševalca do obresti od vsakega plačila po tej konvenciji se določi v skladu z zakonodajo države, v kateri je sodišče, ki rešuje zadevo.
25. člen
Tovor v državni lasti
Če država lastnica s tem soglaša, se nobena določba te konvencije ne uporabi kot podlaga za zaseg, oviranje ali zadržanje negospodarskega tovora na podlagi zakonitega postopka ali za sodni postopek in rem proti takemu tovoru, ki je v lasti države in med reševanjem upravičen do neomejene imunitete po splošno priznanih načelih mednarodnega prava.
26. člen
Humanitarni tovor
Nobena določba te konvencije se ne uporabi kot podlaga za zaseg, oviranje ali zadržanje humanitarnega tovora, ki ga je darovala država, če je soglašala s tem, da bo plačala reševanje tega humanitarnega tovora.
27. člen
Objava arbitražnih sodb
Če je mogoče in s soglasjem strank države pogodbenice spodbujajo objavo arbitražnih sodb o zadevah, povezanih z reševanjem na morju.
V. poglavje – Končne določbe
28. člen
Podpis, ratifikacija, sprejetje, odobritev in
pristop
1. Konvencija je na voljo za podpis na sedežu organizacije od 1. julija 1989 do 30. junija 1990, nato pa je na voljo za pristop.
2. Države lahko svoje soglasje o tem, da jih zavezuje ta konvencija, izrazijo:
a) s podpisom brez pridržka glede ratifikacije, sprejetja ali odobritve ali
b) s podpisom s pridržkom glede ratifikacije, sprejetja ali odobritve, ki mu sledi ratifikacija, sprejetje ali odobritev, ali
c) s pristopom.
3. Konvencija se ratificira, sprejme, odobri ali se pristopi k njej z deponiranjem ustrezne listine pri generalnem sekretarju.
29. člen
Začetek veljavnosti
1. Konvencija začne veljati eno leto po dnevu, ko je 15 držav izrazilo svoje soglasje o tem, da jih konvencija zavezuje.
2. Za državo, ki izrazi svoje soglasje o tem, da jo ta konvencija zavezuje po izpolnitvi pogojev za njen začetek veljavnosti, začne tako soglasje veljati eno leto po dnevu, ko je izrazila soglasje.
30. člen
Pridržki
1. Vsaka država si med podpisom, ratifikacijo, sprejetjem, odobritvijo ali pristopom lahko pridrži pravico, da ne uporablja določb te konvencije:
a) če reševanje poteka v celinskih vodah in so vsa vpletena plovila namenjena celinski plovbi;
b) če reševanje poteka v celinskih vodah in vanj ni vpleteno nobeno plovilo;
c) če so vse zainteresirane strani državljani te države;
d) če je vpleteno premoženje pomorska kulturna dobrina predzgodovinskega, arheološkega ali zgodovinskega pomena in je na morskem dnu.
2. Pridržki, izraženi ob podpisu, morajo biti potrjeni po ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi.
3. Vsaka država, ki je izrazila pridržek glede te konvencije, ga lahko kadar koli umakne z uradnim obvestilom, naslovljenim na generalnega sekretarja. Umik pridržka začne veljati z dnem prejema uradnega obvestila. Če je v uradnem obvestilu navedeno, da mora umik pridržka začeti veljati z dnem, določenim v obvestilu, in je ta dan poznejši od dneva, ko je generalni sekretar prejel uradno obvestilo, začne umik pridržka veljati s poznejšim datumom.
31. člen
Odpoved
1. Država pogodbenica lahko odpove konvencijo kadar koli po poteku enega leta od dneva, ko je začela veljati zanjo.
2. Odpoved začne veljati, ko je deponirana listina o odpovedi pri generalnem sekretarju.
3. Odpoved začne veljati eno leto po tem, ko generalni sekretar prejme listino o odpovedi, ali pozneje, kot je to lahko določeno v listini o odpovedi.
32. člen
Presoja in spremembe
1. Organizacija lahko skliče konferenco za presojo ali spremembo te konvencije.
2. Generalni sekretar na zahtevo osmih držav pogodbenic ali ene četrtine držav pogodbenic, kar je več skliče konferenco držav pogodbenic te konvencije za njeno presojo ali spremembo.
3. Za vsako soglasje o tem, da ta konvencija zavezuje, izraženo po dnevu začetka veljavnosti spremembe k tej konvenciji, se šteje, da se nanaša na spremenjeno konvencijo.
33. člen
Depozitar
1. Konvencija se deponira pri generalnem sekretarju.
2. Generalni sekretar:
a) obvesti vse države, ki so podpisale konvencijo ali k njej pristopile, in vse članice organizacije o:
i) vsakem novem podpisu ali deponiranju listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu skupaj z ustreznim datumom;
ii) datumu začetka veljavnosti te konvencije;
iii) deponiranju vsake listine o odpovedi te konvencije skupaj z datumom, ko jo je prejel, in datumom, ko odpoved začne veljati;
iv) vsaki spremembi, sprejeti v skladu z 32. členom;
v) prejemu vsakega pridržka, izjave ali uradnega obvestila po tej konvenciji;
b) pošlje overjene izvode konvencije vsem državam, ki so jo podpisale ali pristopile k njej.
3. Ko konvencija začne veljati, depozitar pošlje njen overjeni izvod generalnemu sekretarju Združenih narodov za vpis v register in objavo v skladu s 102. členom Ustanovne listine Združenih narodov.
34. člen
Jeziki
Konvencija je sestavljena v enem samem izvirniku v angleškem, arabskem, francoskem, kitajskem, ruskem in španskem jeziku, pri čemer so vsa besedila enako verodostojna.
V POTRDITEV TEGA so podpisani, ki so jih za to pravilno pooblastile njihove vlade, podpisali to konvencijo.
SESTAVLJENO V LONDONU osemindvajsetega aprila tisoč devetsto devetinosemdeset.
3. člen
Za izvajanje konvencije skrbi Ministrstvo za promet.
4. člen
Ta zakon začne veljati petnajsti dan po objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije – Mednarodne pogodbe.
Št. 212-02/05-4/1
Ljubljana, dne 15. julija 2005
EPA 311-IV
Predsednik
Državnega zbora
Republike Slovenije
France Cukjati, dr. med. l. r.
* Besedilo konvencije v arabskem, francoskem, kitajskem, ruskem in španskem jeziku je na vpogled v Sektorju za mednarodno pravo Ministrstva za zunanje zadeve.
