Na podlagi druge alinee prvega odstavka 107. člena in prvega odstavka 91. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije izdajam
U K A Z
o razglasitvi Zakona o ratifikaciji Konvencije Sveta Evrope o ukrepanju proti trgovini z ljudmi (MKUTL)
Razglašam Zakon o ratifikaciji Konvencije Sveta Evrope o ukrepanju proti trgovini z ljudmi (MKUTL), ki ga je sprejel Državni zbor Republike Slovenije na seji 15. julija 2009.
Št. 003-02-7/2009-15
Ljubljana, dne 23. julija 2009
dr. Danilo Türk l.r.
Predsednik
Republike Slovenije
Z A K O N
O RATIFIKACIJI KONVENCIJE SVETA EVROPE O UKREPANJU PROTI TRGOVINI Z LJUDMI (MKUTL)
1. člen
Ratificira se Konvencija Sveta Evrope o ukrepanju proti trgovini z ljudmi, sklenjena v Varšavi 16. maja 2005.
2. člen
Besedilo konvencije se v izvirniku v angleškem jeziku ter v prevodu v slovenskem jeziku glasi:
COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION
ON ACTION AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS
Preamble
The member States of the Council of Europe and the other Signatories hereto,
Considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve a greater unity between its members;
Considering that trafficking in human beings constitutes a violation of human rights and an offence to the dignity and the integrity of the human being;
Considering that trafficking in human beings may result in slavery for victims;
Considering that respect for victims’ rights, protection of victims and action to combat trafficking in human beings must be the paramount objectives;
Considering that all actions or initiatives against trafficking in human beings must be non-discriminatory, take gender equality into account as well as a child-rights approach;
Recalling the declarations by the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the Member States at the 112th (14-15 May 2003) and the 114th (12-13 May 2004) Sessions of the Committee of Ministers calling for reinforced action by the Council of Europe on trafficking in human beings;
Bearing in mind the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950) and its protocols;
Bearing in mind the following recommendations of the Committee of Ministers to member states of the Council of Europe: Recommendation No. R (91) 11 on sexual exploitation, pornography and prostitution of, and trafficking in, children and young adults; Recommendation No. R (97) 13 concerning intimidation of witnesses and the rights of the defence; Recommendation No. R (2000) 11 on action against trafficking in human beings for the purpose of sexual exploitation and Recommendation Rec (2001) 16 on the protection of children against sexual exploitation; Recommendation Rec (2002) 5 on the protection of women against violence;
Bearing in mind the following recommendations of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe: Recommendation 1325 (1997) on traffic in women and forced prostitution in Council of Europe member states; Recommendation 1450 (2000) on violence against women in Europe; Recommendation 1545 (2002) on a campaign against trafficking in women; Recommendation 1610 (2003) on migration connected with trafficking in women and prostitution; Recommendation 1611 (2003) on trafficking in organs in Europe; Recommendation 1663 (2004) Domestic slavery: servitude, au pairs and mail-order brides;
Bearing in mind the European Union Council Framework Decision of 19 July 2002 on combating trafficking in human beings, the European Union Council Framework Decision of 15 March 2001 on the standing of victims in criminal proceedings and the European Union Council Directive of 29 April 2004 on the residence permit issued to third-country nationals who are victims of trafficking in human beings or who have been the subject of an action to facilitate illegal immigration, who cooperate with the competent authorities;
Taking due account of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocol thereto to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children with a view to improving the protection which they afford and developing the standards established by them;
Taking due account of the other international legal instruments relevant in the field of action against trafficking in human beings;
Taking into account the need to prepare a comprehensive international legal instrument focusing on the human rights of victims of trafficking and setting up a specific monitoring mechanism,
Have agreed as follows:
Chapter I – Purposes, scope, non-discrimination principle and definitions
Article 1 – Purposes of the Convention
1 The purposes of this Convention are:
a to prevent and combat trafficking in human beings, while guaranteeing gender equality;
b to protect the human rights of the victims of trafficking, design a comprehensive framework for the protection and assistance of victims and witnesses, while guaranteeing gender equality, as well as to ensure effective investigation and prosecution;
c to promote international cooperation on action against trafficking in human beings.
2 In order to ensure effective implementation of its provisions by the Parties, this Convention sets up a specific monitoring mechanism.
Article 2 – Scope
This Convention shall apply to all forms of trafficking in human beings, whether national or transnational, whether or not connected with organised crime.
Article 3 – Non-discrimination principle
The implementation of the provisions of this Convention by Parties, in particular the enjoyment of measures to protect and promote the rights of victims, shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.
Article 4 – Definitions
For the purposes of this Convention:
a "Trafficking in human beings" shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs;
b The consent of a victim of “trafficking in human beings” to the intended exploitation set forth in subparagraph (a) of this article shall be irrelevant where any of the means set forth in subparagraph (a) have been used;
c The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation shall be considered "trafficking in human beings" even if this does not involve any of the means set forth in subparagraph (a) of this article;
d "Child" shall mean any person under eighteen years of age;
e “Victim” shall mean any natural person who is subject to trafficking in human beings as defined in this article.
Chapter II – Prevention, co-operation and other measures
Article 5 – Prevention of trafficking in human beings
1 Each Party shall take measures to establish or strengthen national co-ordination between the various bodies responsible for preventing and combating trafficking in human beings.
2 Each Party shall establish and/or strengthen effective policies and programmes to prevent trafficking in human beings, by such means as: research, information, awareness raising and education campaigns, social and economic initiatives and training programmes, in particular for persons vulnerable to trafficking and for professionals concerned with trafficking in human beings.
3 Each Party shall promote a Human Rights-based approach and shall use gender mainstreaming and a child-sensitive approach in the development, implementation and assessment of all the policies and programmes referred to in paragraph 2.
4 Each Party shall take appropriate measures, as may be necessary, to enable migration to take place legally, in particular through dissemination of accurate information by relevant offices, on the conditions enabling the legal entry in and stay on its territory.
5 Each Party shall take specific measures to reduce children’s vulnerability to trafficking, notably by creating a protective environment for them.
6 Measures established in accordance with this article shall involve, where appropriate, non-governmental organisations, other relevant organisations and other elements of civil society committed to the prevention of trafficking in human beings and victim protection or assistance.
Article 6 – Measures to discourage the demand
To discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, that leads to trafficking, each Party shall adopt or strengthen legislative, administrative, educational, social, cultural or other measures including:
a research on best practices, methods and strategies;
b raising awareness of the responsibility and important role of media and civil society in identifying the demand as one of the root causes of trafficking in human beings;
c target information campaigns involving, as appropriate, inter alia, public authorities and policy makers;
d preventive measures, including educational programmes for boys and girls during their schooling, which stress the unacceptable nature of discrimination based on sex, and its disastrous consequences, the importance of gender equality and the dignity and integrity of every human being.
Article 7 – Border measures
1 Without prejudice to international commitments in relation to the free movement of persons, Parties shall strengthen, to the extent possible, such border controls as may be necessary to prevent and detect trafficking in human beings.
2 Each Party shall adopt legislative or other appropriate measures to prevent, to the extent possible, means of transport operated by commercial carriers from being used in the commission of offences established in accordance with this Convention.
3 Where appropriate, and without prejudice to applicable international conventions, such measures shall include establishing the obligation of commercial carriers, including any transportation company or the owner or operator of any means of transport, to ascertain that all passengers are in possession of the travel documents required for entry into the receiving State.
4 Each Party shall take the necessary measures, in accordance with its internal law, to provide for sanctions in cases of violation of the obligation set forth in paragraph 3 of this article.
5 Each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to permit, in accordance with its internal law, the denial of entry or revocation of visas of persons implicated in the commission of offences established in accordance with this Convention.
6 Parties shall strengthen co-operation among border control agencies by, inter alia, establishing and maintaining direct channels of communication.
Article 8 – Security and control of documents
Each Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary:
a To ensure that travel or identity documents issued by it are of such quality that they cannot easily be misused and cannot readily be falsified or unlawfully altered, replicated or issued; and
b To ensure the integrity and security of travel or identity documents issued by or on behalf of the Party and to prevent their unlawful creation and issuance.
Article 9 – Legitimacy and validity of documents
At the request of another Party, a Party shall, in accordance with its internal law, verify within a reasonable time the legitimacy and validity of travel or identity documents issued or purported to have been issued in its name and suspected of being used for trafficking in human beings.
Chapter III – Measures to protect and promote the rights of victims, guaranteeing gender equality
Article 10 – Identification of the victims
1 Each Party shall provide its competent authorities with persons who are trained and qualified in preventing and combating trafficking in human beings, in identifying and helping victims, including children, and shall ensure that the different authorities collaborate with each other as well as with relevant support organisations, so that victims can be identified in a procedure duly taking into account the special situation of women and child victims and, in appropriate cases, issued with residence permits under the conditions provided for in Article 14 of the present Convention.
2 Each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to identify victims as appropriate in collaboration with other Parties and relevant support organisations. Each Party shall ensure that, if the competent authorities have reasonable grounds to believe that a person has been victim of trafficking in human beings, that person shall not be removed from its territory until the identification process as victim of an offence provided for in Article 18 of this Convention has been completed by the competent authorities and shall likewise ensure that that person receives the assistance provided for in Article 12, paragraphs 1 and 2.
3 When the age of the victim is uncertain and there are reasons to believe that the victim is a child, he or she shall be presumed to be a child and shall be accorded special protection measures pending verification of his/her age.
4 As soon as an unaccompanied child is identified as a victim, each Party shall:
a provide for representation of the child by a legal guardian, organisation or authority which shall act in the best interests of that child;
b take the necessary steps to establish his/her identity and nationality;
c make every effort to locate his/her family when this is in the best interests of the child.
Article 11 – Protection of private life
1 Each Party shall protect the private life and identity of victims. Personal data regarding them shall be stored and used in conformity with the conditions provided for by the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (ETS No. 108).
2 Each Party shall adopt measures to ensure, in particular, that the identity, or details allowing the identification, of a child victim of trafficking are not made publicly known, through the media or by any other means, except, in exceptional circumstances, in order to facilitate the tracing of family members or otherwise secure the well-being and protection of the child.
3 Each Party shall consider adopting, in accordance with Article 10 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights, measures aimed at encouraging the media to protect the private life and identity of victims through self-regulation or through regulatory or co-regulatory measures.
Article 12 – Assistance to victims
1. Each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to assist victims in their physical, psychological and social recovery. Such assistance shall include at least:
a standards of living capable of ensuring their subsistence, through such measures as: appropriate and secure accommodation, psychological and material assistance;
b access to emergency medical treatment;
c translation and interpretation services, when appropriate;
d counselling and information, in particular as regards their legal rights and the services available to them, in a language that they can understand;
e assistance to enable their rights and interests to be presented and considered at appropriate stages of criminal proceedings against offenders;
f access to education for children.
2 Each Party shall take due account of the victim’s safety and protection needs.
3 In addition, each Party shall provide necessary medical or other assistance to victims lawfully resident within its territory who do not have adequate resources and need such help.
4 Each Party shall adopt the rules under which victims lawfully resident within its territory shall be authorised to have access to the labour market, to vocational training and education.
5 Each Party shall take measures, where appropriate and under the conditions provided for by its internal law, to co-operate with non-governmental organisations, other relevant organisations or other elements of civil society engaged in assistance to victims.
6 Each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to ensure that assistance to a victim is not made conditional on his or her willingness to act as a witness.
7 For the implementation of the provisions set out in this article, each Party shall ensure that services are provided on a consensual and informed basis, taking due account of the special needs of persons in a vulnerable position and the rights of children in terms of accommodation, education and appropriate health care.
Article 13 – Recovery and reflection period
1 Each Party shall provide in its internal law a recovery and reflection period of at least 30 days, when there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person concerned is a victim. Such a period shall be sufficient for the person concerned to recover and escape the influence of traffickers and/or to take an informed decision on cooperating with the competent authorities. During this period it shall not be possible to enforce any expulsion order against him or her. This provision is without prejudice to the activities carried out by the competent authorities in all phases of the relevant national proceedings, and in particular when investigating and prosecuting the offences concerned. During this period, the Parties shall authorise the persons concerned to stay in their territory.
2 During this period, the persons referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be entitled to the measures contained in Article 12, paragraphs 1 and 2.
3 The Parties are not bound to observe this period if grounds of public order prevent it or if it is found that victim status is being claimed improperly.
Article 14 – Residence permit
1 Each Party shall issue a renewable residence permit to victims, in one or other of the two following situations or in both:
a the competent authority considers that their stay is necessary owing to their personal situation;
b the competent authority considers that their stay is necessary for the purpose of their co-operation with the competent authorities in investigation or criminal proceedings.
2 The residence permit for child victims, when legally necessary, shall be issued in accordance with the best interests of the child and, where appropriate, renewed under the same conditions.
3 The non-renewal or withdrawal of a residence permit is subject to the conditions provided for by the internal law of the Party.
4 If a victim submits an application for another kind of residence permit, the Party concerned shall take into account that he or she holds, or has held, a residence permit in conformity with paragraph 1.
5 Having regard to the obligations of Parties to which Article 40 of this Convention refers, each Party shall ensure that granting of a permit according to this provision shall be without prejudice to the right to seek and enjoy asylum.
Article 15 – Compensation and legal redress
1 Each Party shall ensure that victims have access, as from their first contact with the competent authorities, to information on relevant judicial and administrative proceedings in a language which they can understand.
2 Each Party shall provide, in its internal law, for the right to legal assistance and to free legal aid for victims under the conditions provided by its internal law.
3 Each Party shall provide, in its internal law, for the right of victims to compensation from the perpetrators.
4 Each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to guarantee compensation for victims in accordance with the conditions under its internal law, for instance through the establishment of a fund for victim compensation or measures or programmes aimed at social assistance and social integration of victims, which could be funded by the assets resulting from the application of measures provided in Article 23.
Article 16 – Repatriation and return of victims
1 The Party of which a victim is a national or in which that person had the right of permanent residence at the time of entry into the territory of the receiving Party shall, with due regard for his or her rights, safety and dignity, facilitate and accept, his or her return without undue or unreasonable delay.
2 When a Party returns a victim to another State, such return shall be with due regard for the rights, safety and dignity of that person and for the status of any legal proceedings related to the fact that the person is a victim, and shall preferably be voluntary.
3 At the request of a receiving Party, a requested Party shall verify whether a person is its national or had the right of permanent residence in its territory at the time of entry into the territory of the receiving Party.
4 In order to facilitate the return of a victim who is without proper documentation, the Party of which that person is a national or in which he or she had the right of permanent residence at the time of entry into the territory of the receiving Party shall agree to issue, at the request of the receiving Party, such travel documents or other authorisation as may be necessary to enable the person to travel to and re-enter its territory.
5 Each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to establish repatriation programmes, involving relevant national or international institutions and non governmental organisations. These programmes aim at avoiding re-victimisation. Each Party should make its best effort to favour the reintegration of victims into the society of the State of return, including reintegration into the education system and the labour market, in particular through the acquisition and improvement of their professional skills. With regard to children, these programmes should include enjoyment of the right to education and measures to secure adequate care or receipt by the family or appropriate care structures.
6 Each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to make available to victims, where appropriate in co-operation with any other Party concerned, contact information of structures that can assist them in the country where they are returned or repatriated, such as law enforcement offices, non-governmental organisations, legal professions able to provide counselling and social welfare agencies.
7 Child victims shall not be returned to a State, if there is indication, following a risk and security assessment, that such return would not be in the best interests of the child.
Article 17 – Gender equality
Each Party shall, in applying measures referred to in this chapter, aim to promote gender equality and use gender mainstreaming in the development, implementation and assessment of the measures.
Chapter IV – Substantive criminal law
Article 18 – Criminalisation of trafficking in human beings
Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences the conduct contained in article 4 of this Convention, when committed intentionally.
Article 19 – Criminalisation of the use of services of a victim
Each Party shall consider adopting such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its internal law, the use of services which are the object of exploitation as referred to in Article 4 paragraph a of this Convention, with the knowledge that the person is a victim of trafficking in human beings.
Article 20 – Criminalisation of acts relating to travel or identity documents
Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences the following conducts, when committed intentionally and for the purpose of enabling the trafficking in human beings:
a forging a travel or identity document;
b procuring or providing such a document;
c retaining, removing, concealing, damaging or destroying a travel or identity document of another person.
Article 21 – Attempt and aiding or abetting
1 Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences when committed intentionally, aiding or abetting the commission of any of the offences established in accordance with Articles 18 and 20 of the present Convention.
2 Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences when committed intentionally, an attempt to commit the offences established in accordance with Articles 18 and 20, paragraph a, of this Convention.
Article 22 – Corporate liability
1 Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to ensure that a legal person can be held liable for a criminal offence established in accordance with this Convention, committed for its benefit by any natural person, acting either individually or as part of an organ of the legal person, who has a leading position within the legal person, based on:
a a power of representation of the legal person;
b an authority to take decisions on behalf of the legal person;
c an authority to exercise control within the legal person.
2 Apart from the cases already provided for in paragraph 1, each Party shall take the measures necessary to ensure that a legal person can be held liable where the lack of supervision or control by a natural person referred to in paragraph 1 has made possible the commission of a criminal offence established in accordance with this Convention for the benefit of that legal person by a natural person acting under its authority.
3 Subject to the legal principles of the Party, the liability of a legal person may be criminal, civil or administrative.
4 Such liability shall be without prejudice to the criminal liability of the natural persons who have committed the offence.
Article 23 – Sanctions and measures
1 Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to ensure that the criminal offences established in accordance with Articles 18 to 21 are punishable by effective, proportionate and dissuasive sanctions. These sanctions shall include, for criminal offences established in accordance with Article 18 when committed by natural persons, penalties involving deprivation of liberty which can give rise to extradition.
2 Each Party shall ensure that legal persons held liable in accordance with Article 22 shall be subject to effective, proportionate and dissuasive criminal or non-criminal sanctions or measures, including monetary sanctions.
3 Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to enable it to confiscate or otherwise deprive the instrumentalities and proceeds of criminal offences established in accordance with Articles 18 and 20, paragraph a, of this Convention, or property the value of which corresponds to such proceeds.
4 Each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to enable the temporary or permanent closure of any establishment which was used to carry out trafficking in human beings, without prejudice to the rights of bona fidae third parties or to deny the perpetrator, temporary or permanently, the exercise of the activity in the course of which this offence was committed.
Article 24 – Aggravating circumstances
Each Party shall ensure that the following circumstances are regarded as aggravating circumstances in the determination of the penalty for offences established in accordance with Article 18 of this Convention:
a the offence deliberately or by gross negligence endangered the life of the victim;
b the offence was committed against a child;
c the offence was committed by a public official in the performance of her/his duties;
d the offence was committed within the framework of a criminal organisation.
Article 25 – Previous convictions
Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures providing for the possibility to take into account final sentences passed by another Party in relation to offences established in accordance with this Convention when determining the penalty.
Article 26 – Non-punishment provision
Each Party shall, in accordance with the basic principles of its legal system, provide for the possibility of not imposing penalties on victims for their involvement in unlawful activities, to the extent that they have been compelled to do so.
Chapter V – Investigation, prosecution and procedural law
Article 27 – Ex parte and ex officio applications
1 Each Party shall ensure that investigations into or prosecution of offences established in accordance with this Convention shall not be dependent upon the report or accusation made by a victim, at least when the offence was committed in whole or in part on its territory.
2 Each Party shall ensure that victims of an offence in the territory of a Party other than the one where they reside may make a complaint before the competent authorities of their State of residence. The competent authority to which the complaint is made, insofar as it does not itself have competence in this respect, shall transmit it without delay to the competent authority of the Party in the territory in which the offence was committed. The complaint shall be dealt with in accordance with the internal law of the Party in which the offence was committed.
3 Each Party shall ensure, by means of legislative or other measures, in accordance with the conditions provided for by its internal law, to any group, foundation, association or non-governmental organisations which aims at fighting trafficking in human beings or protection of human rights, the possibility to assist and/or support the victim with his or her consent during criminal proceedings concerning the offence established in accordance with Article 18 of this Convention.
Article 28 – Protection of victims, witnesses and collaborators with the judicial authorities
1 Each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to provide effective and appropriate protection from potential retaliation or intimidation in particular during and after investigation and prosecution of perpetrators, for:
a victims;
b as appropriate, those who report the criminal offences established in accordance with Article 18 of this Convention or otherwise co-operate with the investigating or prosecuting authorities;
c witnesses who give testimony concerning criminal offences established in accordance with Article 18 of this Convention;
d when necessary, members of the family of persons referred to in subparagraphs a and c.
2 Each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to ensure and to offer various kinds of protection. This may include physical protection, relocation, identity change and assistance in obtaining jobs.
3 A child victim shall be afforded special protection measures taking into account the best interests of the child.
4 Each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to provide, when necessary, appropriate protection from potential retaliation or intimidation in particular during and after investigation and prosecution of perpetrators, for members of groups, foundations, associations or non-governmental organisations which carry out the activities set out in Article 27, paragraph 3.
5 Each Party shall consider entering into agreements or arrangements with other States for the implementation of this article.
Article 29 – Specialised authorities and co-ordinating bodies
1 Each Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to ensure that persons or entities are specialised in the fight against trafficking and the protection of victims. Such persons or entities shall have the necessary independence in accordance with the fundamental principles of the legal system of the Party, in order for them to be able to carry out their functions effectively and free from any undue pressure. Such persons or the staffs of such entities shall have adequate training and financial resources for their tasks.
2 Each Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to ensure co-ordination of the policies and actions of their governments’ departments and other public agencies against trafficking in human beings, where appropriate, through setting up co-ordinating bodies.
3 Each Party shall provide or strengthen training for relevant officials in the prevention of and fight against trafficking in human beings, including Human Rights training. The training may be agency-specific and shall, as appropriate, focus on: methods used in preventing such trafficking, prosecuting the traffickers and protecting the rights of the victims, including protecting the victims from the traffickers.
4 Each Party shall consider appointing National Rapporteurs or other mechanisms for monitoring the anti-trafficking activities of State institutions and the implementation of national legislation requirements.
Article 30 – Court proceedings
In accordance with the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, in particular Article 6, each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to ensure in the course of judicial proceedings:
a the protection of victims’ private life and, where appropriate, identity;
b victims’ safety and protection from intimidation, in accordance with the conditions under its internal law and, in the case of child victims, by taking special care of children’s needs and ensuring their right to special protection measures.
Article 31 – Jurisdiction
1 Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish jurisdiction over any offence established in accordance with this Convention, when the offence is committed:
a in its territory; or
b on board a ship flying the flag of that Party; or
c on board an aircraft registered under the laws of that Party; or
d by one of its nationals or by a stateless person who has his or her habitual residence in its territory, if the offence is punishable under criminal law where it was committed or if the offence is committed outside the territorial jurisdiction of any State;
e against one of its nationals.
2 Each Party may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, by a declaration addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, declare that it reserves the right not to apply or to apply only in specific cases or conditions the jurisdiction rules laid down in paragraphs 1 (d) and (e) of this article or any part thereof.
3 Each Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish jurisdiction over the offences referred to in this Convention, in cases where an alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite him/her to another Party, solely on the basis of his/her nationality, after a request for extradition.
4 When more than one Party claims jurisdiction over an alleged offence established in accordance with this Convention, the Parties involved shall, where appropriate, consult with a view to determining the most appropriate jurisdiction for prosecution.
5 Without prejudice to the general norms of international law, this Convention does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised by a Party in accordance with internal law.
Chapter VI – International co-operation and co-operation with civil society
Article 32 – General principles and measures for international co-operation
The Parties shall co-operate with each other, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, and through application of relevant applicable international and regional instruments, arrangements agreed on the basis of uniform or reciprocal legislation and internal laws, to the widest extent possible, for the purpose of:
– preventing and combating trafficking in human beings;
– protecting and providing assistance to victims;
– investigations or proceedings concerning criminal offences established in accordance with this Convention.
Article 33 – Measures relating to endangered or missing persons
1 When a Party, on the basis of the information at its disposal has reasonable grounds to believe that the life, the freedom or the physical integrity of a person referred to in Article 28, paragraph 1, is in immediate danger on the territory of another Party, the Party that has the information shall, in such a case of emergency, transmit it without delay to the latter so as to take the appropriate protection measures.
2 The Parties to this Convention may consider reinforcing their co-operation in the search for missing people, in particular for missing children, if the information available leads them to believe that she/he is a victim of trafficking in human beings. To this end, the Parties may conclude bilateral or multilateral treaties with each other.
Article 34 – Information
1 The requested Party shall promptly inform the requesting Party of the final result of the action taken under this chapter. The requested Party shall also promptly inform the requesting Party of any circumstances which render impossible the carrying out of the action sought or are likely to delay it significantly.
2 A Party may, within the limits of its internal law, without prior request, forward to another Party information obtained within the framework of its own investigations when it considers that the disclosure of such information might assist the receiving Party in initiating or carrying out investigations or proceedings concerning criminal offences established in accordance with this Convention or might lead to a request for co-operation by that Party under this chapter.
3 Prior to providing such information, the providing Party may request that it be kept confidential or used subject to conditions. If the receiving Party cannot comply with such request, it shall notify the providing Party, which shall then determine whether the information should nevertheless be provided. If the receiving Party accepts the information subject to the conditions, it shall be bound by them.
4 All information requested concerning Articles 13, 14 and 16, necessary to provide the rights conferred by these Articles, shall be transmitted at the request of the Party concerned without delay with due respect to Article 11 of the present Convention.
Article 35 – Co-operation with civil society
Each Party shall encourage state authorities and public officials, to co-operate with non-governmental organisations, other relevant organisations and members of civil society, in establishing strategic partnerships with the aim of achieving the purpose of this Convention.
Chapter VII – Monitoring mechanism
Article 36 – Group of experts on action against trafficking in human beings
1 The Group of experts on action against trafficking in human beings (hereinafter referred to as “GRETA”), shall monitor the implementation of this Convention by the Parties.
2 GRETA shall be composed of a minimum of 10 members and a maximum of 15 members, taking into account a gender and geographical balance, as well as a multidisciplinary expertise. They shall be elected by the Committee of the Parties for a term of office of 4 years, renewable once, chosen from amongst nationals of the States Parties to this Convention.
3 The election of the members of GRETA shall be based on the following principles:
a they shall be chosen from among persons of high moral character, known for their recognised competence in the fields of Human Rights, assistance and protection of victims and of action against trafficking in human beings or having professional experience in the areas covered by this Convention;
b they shall sit in their individual capacity and shall be independent and impartial in the exercise of their functions and shall be available to carry out their duties in an effective manner;
c no two members of GRETA may be nationals of the same State;
d they should represent the main legal systems.
4 The election procedure of the members of GRETA shall be determined by the Committee of Ministers, after consulting with and obtaining the unanimous consent of the Parties to the Convention, within a period of one year following the entry into force of this Convention. GRETA shall adopt its own rules of procedure.
Article 37 – Committee of the Parties
1 The Committee of the Parties shall be composed of the representatives on the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe of the member States Parties to the Convention and representatives of the Parties to the Convention, which are not members of the Council of Europe.
2 The Committee of the Parties shall be convened by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Its first meeting shall be held within a period of one year following the entry into force of this Convention in order to elect the members of GRETA. It shall subsequently meet whenever one-third of the Parties, the President of GRETA or the Secretary General so requests.
3 The Committee of the Parties shall adopt its own rules of procedure.
Article 38 – Procedure
1 The evaluation procedure shall concern the Parties to the Convention and be divided in rounds, the length of which is determined by GRETA. At the beginning of each round GRETA shall select the specific provisions on which the evaluation procedure shall be based.
2 GRETA shall define the most appropriate means to carry out this evaluation. GRETA may in particular adopt a questionnaire for each evaluation round, which may serve as a basis for the evaluation of the implementation by the Parties of the present Convention. Such a questionnaire shall be addressed to all Parties. Parties shall respond to this questionnaire, as well as to any other request of information from GRETA.
3 GRETA may request information from civil society.
4 GRETA may subsidiarily organise, in co-operation with the national authorities and the “contact person” appointed by the latter, and, if necessary, with the assistance of independent national experts, country visits. During these visits, GRETA may be assisted by specialists in specific fields.
5 GRETA shall prepare a draft report containing its analysis concerning the implementation of the provisions on which the evaluation is based, as well as its suggestions and proposals concerning the way in which the Party concerned may deal with the problems which have been identified. The draft report shall be transmitted for comments to the Party which undergoes the evaluation. Its comments are taken into account by GRETA when establishing its report.
6 On this basis, GRETA shall adopt its report and conclusions concerning the measures taken by the Party concerned to implement the provisions of the present Convention. This report and conclusions shall be sent to the Party concerned and to the Committee of the Parties. The report and conclusions of GRETA shall be made public as from their adoption, together with eventual comments by the Party concerned.
7 Without prejudice to the procedure of paragraphs 1 to 6 of this article, the Committee of the Parties may adopt, on the basis of the report and conclusions of GRETA, recommendations addressed to this Party (a) concerning the measures to be taken to implement the conclusions of GRETA, if necessary setting a date for submitting information on their implementation, and (b) aiming at promoting co-operation with that Party for the proper implementation of the present Convention.
Chapter VIII – Relationship with other international instruments
Article 39 – Relationship with the Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against transnational organised crime
This Convention shall not affect the rights and obligations derived from the provisions of the Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against transnational organised crime, and is intended to enhance the protection afforded by it and develop the standards contained therein.
Article 40 – Relationship with other international instruments
1 This Convention shall not affect the rights and obligations derived from other international instruments to which Parties to the present Convention are Parties or shall become Parties and which contain provisions on matters governed by this Convention and which ensure greater protection and assistance for victims of trafficking.
2 The Parties to the Convention may conclude bilateral or multilateral agreements with one another on the matters dealt with in this Convention, for purposes of supplementing or strengthening its provisions or facilitating the application of the principles embodied in it.
3 Without prejudice to the object and purpose of the present Convention and without prejudice to its full application with other Parties, Parties which are members of the European Union shall, in their mutual relations, apply Community and European Union rules in so far as there are Community or European Union rules governing the particular subject concerned and applicable to the specific case.
4 Nothing in this Convention shall affect the rights, obligations and responsibilities of States and individuals under international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law and, in particular, where applicable, the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees and the principle of non-refoulement as contained therein.
Chapter IX – Amendments to the Convention
Article 41 – Amendments
1 Any proposal for an amendment to this Convention presented by a Party shall be communicated to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe and forwarded by him or her to the member States of the Council of Europe, any signatory, any State Party, the European Community, to any State invited to sign this Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 42 and to any State invited to accede to this Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 43.
2 Any amendment proposed by a Party shall be communicated to GRETA, which shall submit to the Committee of Ministers its opinion on that proposed amendment.
3 The Committee of Ministers shall consider the proposed amendment and the opinion submitted by GRETA and, following consultation of the Parties to this Convention and after obtaining their unanimous consent, may adopt the amendment.
4 The text of any amendment adopted by the Committee of Ministers in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article shall be forwarded to the Parties for acceptance.
5 Any amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of one month after the date on which all Parties have informed the Secretary General that they have accepted it.
Chapter X – Final clauses
Article 42 – Signature and entry into force
1 This Convention shall be open for signature by the member States of the Council of Europe, the non member States which have participated in its elaboration and the European Community.
2 This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.
3 This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date on which 10 Signatories, including at least 8 member States of the Council of Europe, have expressed their consent to be bound by the Convention in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
4 In respect of any State mentioned in paragraph 1 or the European Community, which subsequently expresses its consent to be bound by it, the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval.
Article 43 – Accession to the Convention
1 After the entry into force of this Convention, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe may, after consultation of the Parties to this Convention and obtaining their unanimous consent, invite any non-member State of the Council of Europe, which has not participated in the elaboration of the Convention, to accede to this Convention by a decision taken by the majority provided for in Article 20 d. of the Statute of the Council of Europe, and by unanimous vote of the representatives of the Contracting States entitled to sit on the Committee of Ministers.
2 In respect of any acceding State, the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of deposit of the instrument of accession with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.
Article 44 – Territorial application
1 Any State or the European Community may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, specify the territory or territories to which this Convention shall apply.
2 Any Party may, at any later date, by a declaration addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, extend the application of this Convention to any other territory specified in the declaration and for whose international relations it is responsible or on whose behalf it is authorised to give undertakings. In respect of such territory, the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of receipt of such declaration by the Secretary General.
3 Any declaration made under the two preceding paragraphs may, in respect of any territory specified in such declaration, be withdrawn by a notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. The withdrawal shall become effective on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of receipt of such notification by the Secretary General.
Article 45 – Reservations
No reservation may be made in respect of any provision of this Convention, with the exception of the reservation of Article 31, paragraph 2.
Article 46 – Denunciation
1 Any Party may, at any time, denounce this Convention by means of a notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.
2 Such denunciation shall become effective on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary General.
Article 47 – Notification
The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall notify the member States of the Council of Europe, any State signatory, any State Party, the European Community, to any State invited to sign this Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 42 and to any State invited to accede to this Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 43 of:
a any signature;
b the deposit of any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession;
c any date of entry into force of this Convention in accordance with Articles 42 and 43;
d any amendment adopted in accordance with Article 41 and the date on which such an amendment enters into force;
e any denunciation made in pursuance of the provisions of Article 46;
f any other act, notification or communication relating to this Convention;
g any reservation made under Article 45.
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed this Convention.
Done at Warsaw, this 16(na th) day of May 2005, in English and in French, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Council of Europe. The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall transmit certified copies to each member State of the Council of Europe, to the non-member States which have participated in the elaboration of this Convention, to the European Community and to any State invited to accede to this Convention.
KONVENCIJA SVETA EVROPE
O UKREPANJU PROTI TRGOVINI Z LJUDMI
Preambula
Države članice Sveta Evrope in druge podpisnice konvencije so se
ob upoštevanju, da je cilj Sveta Evrope doseči večjo enotnost njegovih članic;
ob upoštevanju, da trgovina z ljudmi pomeni kršitev človekovih pravic in napad na človekovo dostojanstvo in integriteto;
ob upoštevanju, da je posledica trgovine z ljudmi lahko suženjstvo žrtev;
ob upoštevanju, da morajo biti spoštovanje pravic žrtev, varstvo žrtev in boj proti trgovini z ljudmi najpomembnejši cilji;
ob upoštevanju, da morajo biti vsi ukrepi ali pobude proti trgovini z ljudmi nediskriminacijski ter upoštevati enakost spolov in pravice otrok;
ob sklicevanju na izjave ministrov za zunanje zadeve držav članic na 112. zasedanju (14.–15. maj 2003) in 114. zasedanju (12.–13. maj 2004) Odbora ministrov, ki pozivajo k večjemu ukrepanju Sveta Evrope proti trgovini z ljudmi;
ob upoštevanju Konvencije o varstvu človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin (1950) in njenih protokolov;
ob upoštevanju naslednjih priporočil Odbora ministrov državam članicam Sveta Evrope: Priporočilo št. R (91) 11 o spolnem izkoriščanju, pornografiji in prostituciji ter trgovini z otroki in mladoletniki; Priporočilo št. R (97) 13 o ustrahovanju prič in pravicah do obrambe, Priporočilo št. R (2000) 11 o ukrepanju proti trgovini z ljudmi za namene spolnega izkoriščanja, Priporočilo Rec (2001) 16 o varstvu otrok pred spolnim izkoriščanjem in Priporočilo Rec (2002) 5 o varstvu žensk pred nasiljem;
ob upoštevanju naslednjih priporočil Parlamentarne skupščine Sveta Evrope: Priporočilo 1325 (1997) o trgovini z ženskami in prisilni prostituciji v državah članicah Sveta Evrope, Priporočilo 1450 (2000) o nasilju nad ženskami v Evropi, Priporočilo 1545 (2002) za ozaveščanje o trgovini z ženskami, Priporočilo 1610 (2003) o migracijah, povezanih s trgovino z ženskami in prostitucijo, Priporočilo 1611 (2003) o trgovini z organi v Evropi, Priporočilo 1663 (2004) o suženjstvu v domačem okolju: služabništvo, varuške in naročanje nevest po pošti;
ob upoštevanju Okvirnega sklepa Sveta Evropske unije z dne 19. julija 2002 o boju proti trgovanju z ljudmi, Okvirnega sklepa Sveta Evropske unije z dne 15. marca 2001 o položaju žrtev v kazenskem postopku in Direktive Sveta Evropske unije z dne 29. aprila 2004 o dovoljenju za prebivanje, za državljane tretjih držav, ki so žrtve trgovine z ljudmi ali so jim pomagali pri nezakoniti preselitvi, in ki sodelujejo s pristojnimi organi;
ob upoštevanju Konvencije Združenih narodov proti mednarodnemu organiziranemu kriminalu in njenega Protokola za preprečevanje, zatiranje in kaznovanje trgovine z ljudmi, zlasti ženskami in otroki, zaradi izboljšanja varstva, ki ga zagotavljata, in za razvoj standardov, ki jih vsebujeta;
ob upoštevanju drugih mednarodnopravnih dokumentov, pomembnih za ukrepanje proti trgovini z ljudmi;
ob upoštevanju potrebe, da se pripravi celosten mednarodnopravni dokument, ki obravnava človekove pravice žrtev trgovine z ljudmi in s katerim se ustanavlja poseben mehanizem za spremljanje,
dogovorile:
I. poglavje – Namen, področje uporabe, načelo nediskriminacije in opredelitev pojmov
1. člen – Namen konvencije
1. Namen te konvencije je:
a) preprečevati trgovino z ljudmi in se bojevati proti njej, obenem pa zagotavljati enakost spolov;
b) varovati človekove pravice žrtev trgovine z ljudmi, oblikovati celovito varstvo in pomoč za žrtve in priče, obenem pa zagotavljati enakost spolov ter zagotoviti učinkovito preiskavo in pregon;
c) spodbujati mednarodno sodelovanje pri ukrepanju proti trgovini z ljudmi.
2. Da bi pogodbenice učinkovito izvajale konvencijo, se z njo vzpostavlja poseben mehanizem za spremljanje.
2. člen – Področje uporabe
Ta konvencija se uporablja za vse oblike trgovine z ljudmi na nacionalni ali nadnacionalni ravni, povezane z organiziranim kriminalom ali ne.
3. člen – Načelo nediskriminacije
Pogodbenice z izvajanjem konvencije zagotavljajo predvsem varstvo in spodbujanje pravic žrtev brez zapostavljanja na kakršni koli podlagi, kot so spol, rasa, barva, jezik, veroizpoved, politično ali drugo prepričanje, narodno ali socialno poreklo, pripadnost narodni manjšini, premoženje, rojstvo ali druga osebna okoliščina.
4. člen – Opredelitev pojmov
V tej konvenciji:
a) »trgovina z ljudmi« pomeni novačenje, prevoz, premestitev, dajanje zatočišča ali sprejemanje oseb zaradi izkoriščanja z grožnjo, uporabo sile ali drugimi oblikami prisile, ugrabitvijo, goljufijo, prevaro, zlorabo pooblastil ali ranljivosti ali dajanjem ali prejemanjem plačil ali koristi, da se doseže soglasje osebe, ki ima nadzor nad drugo osebo. Izkoriščanje vključuje vsaj izkoriščanje prostitucije ali drugih oblik spolne zlorabe oseb, njihovo prisilno delo ali storitve, suženjstvo ali podobna stanja, služabništvo ali odstranitev organov;
b) soglasje žrtve trgovine z ljudmi o nameravanem izkoriščanju iz prejšnje točke se ne upošteva, če so bila uporabljena sredstva iz prejšnje točke;
c) novačenje, prevoz, premestitev, dajanje zatočišča ali sprejemanje otrok zaradi izkoriščanja se šteje za trgovino z ljudmi, tudi če ne vključuje sredstev iz točke a tega odstavka;
d) »otrok« pomeni vsako osebo, ki še ni stara osemnajst let;
e) »žrtev« pomeni vsako fizično osebo, ki je podvržena trgovini z ljudmi, kot določa ta odstavek.
II. poglavje – Preprečevanje, sodelovanje in drugi ukrepi
5. člen – Preprečevanje trgovine z ljudmi
1. Pogodbenica sprejme ukrepe za vzpostavitev ali okrepitev nacionalnega usklajevanja med različnimi organi, odgovornimi za preprečevanje trgovine z ljudmi in boj proti njej.
2. Pogodbenica sprejme in/ali okrepi učinkovite politike in programe za preprečevanje trgovine z ljudmi z raziskavami, obveščanjem, izobraževanjem ter ozaveščanjem, družbenimi in gospodarskimi pobudami ter programi za usposabljanje, zlasti za osebe, ranljive za trgovino z ljudmi, in strokovnjake, vključene v ukrepanje proti trgovini z ljudmi.
3. Pogodbenica pri razvijanju, izvajanju in ocenjevanju vseh politik in programov iz prejšnjega odstavka spodbuja pristop, ki temelji na človekovih pravicah, vključuje načelo enakosti spolov ter uporablja otroku prilagojen pristop.
4. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne ustrezne ukrepe, da se omogoči, da migracije potekajo zakonito, zlasti tako, da ustrezni organi razširjajo točne informacije o pogojih za zakonit vstop in prebivanje na njenem območju.
5. Pogodbenica sprejme posebne ukrepe za zmanjšanje ranljivosti otrok za trgovino z ljudmi, predvsem z ustvarjanjem varnega okolja zanje.
6. Kadar je primerno, ukrepi, sprejeti v skladu s tem členom, vključujejo nevladne organizacije, druge ustrezne organizacije in druge oblike civilne družbe, ki se ukvarjajo s preprečevanjem trgovine z ljudmi, varstvom žrtev ali pomočjo zanje.
6. člen – Ukrepi za zmanjšanje povpraševanja
Pogodbenica zaradi zmanjšanja povpraševanja, ki spodbuja vse oblike izkoriščanja ljudi, zlasti žensk in otrok, in vodi v trgovino z ljudmi, sprejme ali okrepi zakonodajne, upravne, izobraževalne, družbene, kulturne in druge ukrepe, kot so:
a) raziskave o najboljših praksah, metodah in strategijah;
b) ozaveščanje o odgovornosti in pomembni vlogi medijev ter civilne družbe pri prepoznavanju povpraševanja kot enega od pomembnih vzrokov za trgovino z ljudmi;
c) ciljno usmerjene kampanje obveščanja, ki po potrebi vključujejo organe oblasti in oblikovalce politik;
d) preventivne ukrepe, vključno z izobraževalnimi programi za dekleta in fante med šolanjem, ki poudarjajo nesprejemljivost zapostavljanja na podlagi spola in pogubne posledice, ki iz nje izhajajo, pomembnost enakosti spolov ter dostojanstva in integritete vsakega človeka.
7. člen – Ukrepi na meji
1. Pogodbenice brez poseganja v mednarodne obveznosti v zvezi s prostim pretokom oseb poostrijo mejno kontrolo, ki je potrebna za preprečevanje in odkrivanje trgovine z ljudmi.
2. Pogodbenica sprejme zakonodajne in druge ustrezne ukrepe, da prepreči uporabo prevoznih sredstev, ki jih upravljajo komercialni prevozniki, za storitev kaznivih dejanj po tej konvenciji.
3. Kadar je primerno in brez poseganja v veljavne mednarodne konvencije ti ukrepi vključujejo uvedbo obveznosti za komercialne prevoznike, vključno s prevoznimi podjetji ali lastniki ali upravljavci prevoznih sredstev, da preverijo, ali imajo vsi potniki potne listine za vstop v državo.
4. Pogodbenica v skladu s svojim notranjim pravom sprejme potrebne ukrepe za kaznovanje, če so kršene obveznosti iz prejšnjega odstavka.
5. Pogodbenica v skladu s svojim notranjim pravom sprejme potrebne zakonodajne in druge ukrepe, da se zavrne vstop ali prekličejo vizumi oseb, ki so vpletene v kazniva dejanja po tej konvenciji.
6. Pogodbenice okrepijo sodelovanje med organi mejne kontrole, tako da med drugim vzpostavijo in vzdržujejo neposredne komunikacijske poti.
8. člen – Varnost in kontrola dokumentov
Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne ukrepe,
a) da zagotovi, da so potni ali osebni dokumenti, ki jih izdaja, take kakovosti, da jih ni mogoče zlahka zlorabiti in da se ne dajo brez težav ponarediti ali nezakonito spremeniti, razmnožiti ali izdati, in
b) da zagotovi popolnost in varnost potnih ali osebnih dokumentov, ki jih izda pogodbenica ali kdo drug v njenem imenu, in da prepreči njihovo nezakonito izdelovanje in izdajanje.
9. člen – Zakonitost in veljavnost dokumentov
Na zaprosilo druge pogodbenice pogodbenica v skladu s svojim notranjim pravom v primernem času preveri zakonitost in veljavnost potnih ali osebnih dokumentov, izdanih ali domnevno izdanih v njenem imenu, za katere obstaja sum, da so bili uporabljeni za trgovino z ljudmi.
III. poglavje – Ukrepi za varstvo in spodbujanje uresničevanja pravic žrtev ob zagotavljanju enakosti spolov
10. člen – Identifikacija žrtev
1. Pogodbenica svojim pooblaščenim organom zagotovi osebje, ki je usposobljeno in kvalificirano za preprečevanje in boj proti trgovini z ljudmi, identificiranje žrtev in pomoč žrtvam, vključno z otroki, in zagotovi, da različni organi sodelujejo med seboj, pa tudi z ustreznimi podpornimi organizacijami, da se žrtve lahko identificirajo v postopku, v katerem se ustrezno upošteva poseben položaj žensk in otrok, ki so žrtve, in jim v ustreznih primerih izda dovoljenje za prebivanje v skladu s pogoji iz 14. člena te konvencije.
2. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne ali druge ukrepe za identifikacijo žrtev po potrebi v sodelovanju z drugimi pogodbenicami in ustreznimi podpornimi organizacijami. Pogodbenica zagotovi, da se oseba, za katero pooblaščeni organi utemeljeno sumijo, da je bila žrtev trgovine z ljudmi, ne odstrani z njenega območja, dokler pooblaščeni organ ne dokonča postopka identifikacije žrtve kaznivega dejanja, kot ga določa 18. člen te konvencije, in obenem zagotovi, da ta oseba prejme pomoč iz prvega in drugega odstavka 12. člena.
3. Kadar ni znana starost žrtve in obstajajo razlogi za domnevo, da je žrtev otrok, se obravnava kot otrok, med ugotavljanjem njegove starosti pa zanj veljajo posebni varstveni ukrepi.
4. Takoj ko je otrok brez spremstva identificiran kot žrtev, pogodbenica:
a) poskrbi, da otroka zastopa zakoniti skrbnik, organizacija ali organ, ki ravna v korist otroka;
b) sprejme ustrezne ukrepe za ugotovitev njegove identitete in državljanstva;
c) si vsestransko prizadeva, da poišče njegovo družino, kadar je to v korist otroka.
11. člen – Varstvo zasebnega življenja
1. Pogodbenica varuje zasebno življenje in identiteto žrtev. Njihovi osebni podatki se hranijo in uporabljajo v skladu s pogoji iz Konvencije o varstvu posameznikov glede na avtomatsko obdelavo osebnih podatkov (ETS, št. 108).
2. Pogodbenica sprejme ukrepe, da zagotovi, da identiteta ali podatki, ki omogočajo identifikacijo otroka, ki je žrtev trgovine z ljudmi, niso javno objavljeni v medijih ali kako drugače, razen v izjemnih okoliščinah, da se omogoči izsleditev družinskih članov ali kako drugače zagotovita dobro počutje in varstvo otroka.
3. Pogodbenica v skladu z 10. členom Konvencije o varstvu človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin, kot jo razlaga Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice, preuči sprejetje ukrepov, ki naj medije spodbujajo k varovanju zasebnega življenja in identitete žrtev, tako da sprejmejo notranje predpise ali da jih predpiše zakonodajalec sam ali v sodelovanju z njimi.
12. člen – Pomoč žrtvam
1. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne in druge ukrepe za pomoč žrtvam pri njihovem telesnem, psihološkem in socialnem okrevanju. Taka pomoč naj vsebuje najmanj:
a) življenjski standard, ki jim omogoča preživetje, in sicer z ukrepi, kot so: ustrezna in varna namestitev, psihološka in materialna pomoč;
b) dostop do nujne medicinske pomoči;
c) prevajalske storitve in tolmačenje, če je potrebno;
d) svetovanje in informacije, zlasti glede pravic in storitev, ki so jim na voljo, v jeziku, ki ga razumejo;
e) pomoč, ki zagotavlja, da so njihove pravice in interesi zastopani in upoštevani na ustreznih stopnjah kazenskega postopka proti storilcem;
f) otrokom zagotovi dostop do izobraževanja.
2. Pogodbenica ustrezno upošteva varnost in varstvo, ki ju potrebujejo žrtve.
3. Poleg tega vsaka pogodbenica zagotovi potrebno medicinsko ali drugo pomoč žrtvam, ki zakonito prebivajo na njenem območju in nimajo dovolj sredstev ter tako pomoč potrebujejo.
4. Pogodbenica sprejme predpise, v skladu s katerimi se žrtvam, ki zakonito prebivajo na njenem območju, dovoli dostop do trga dela, poklicnega usposabljanja in izobraževanja.
5. Pogodbenica sprejme ukrepe, kadar je primerno in pod pogoji, ki jih določa notranje pravo za sodelovanje z nevladnimi organizacijami ali drugimi ustreznimi organizacijami ali drugimi oblikami civilne družbe, ki se ukvarjajo s pomočjo žrtvam.
6. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne ali druge ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi, da pomoč žrtvi ni pogojena z njegovo ali njeno pripravljenostjo, da sodeluje kot priča.
7. Pogodbenica za izvajanje tega člena zagotovi, da se storitve za nastanitev, izobraževanje in ustrezno zdravstveno oskrbo zagotavljajo na podlagi soglasja in seznanjenosti ter ob upoštevanju posebnih potreb oseb v ranljivem položaju in pravic otrok.
13. člen – Obdobje okrevanja in razmisleka
1. Pogodbenica v notranjem pravu zagotovi vsaj 30-dnevno obdobje okrevanja in razmisleka, če obstajajo utemeljeni razlogi za domnevo, da je oseba žrtev. Tako obdobje naj traja dovolj dolgo, da si oseba opomore in se znebi vpliva trgovcev z ljudmi in/ali na podlagi seznanjenosti sprejme odločitev, da bo sodelovala s pristojnimi organi. V tem obdobju ni mogoče izvršiti odločbe za izgon. Ta določba ne vpliva na dejavnosti, ki jih opravljajo pooblaščeni organi v vseh fazah ustreznih notranjih postopkov, zlasti pri preiskavi in pregonu kaznivih dejanj. V tem obdobju pogodbenice takim osebam dovolijo, da prebivajo na njihovem območju.
2. V tem obdobju so osebe iz prejšnjega odstavka upravičene do ukrepov iz prvega in drugega odstavka 12. člena.
3. Pogodbenicam ni treba upoštevati tega obdobja, če je to onemogočeno zaradi javnega reda in miru ali če se ugotovi, da oseba neupravičeno prosi za status žrtve.
14. člen – Dovoljenje za prebivanje
1. Pogodbenica izda obnovljivo dovoljenje za prebivanje žrtvam v enem ali obeh navedenih primerih.
a) pristojni organ meni, da morajo ostati zaradi osebnih okoliščin;
b) pristojni organ meni, da morajo ostati zaradi sodelovanja s pooblaščenimi organi pri preiskavi ali v kazenskem postopku.
2. Dovoljenje za prebivanje se za otroke, ki so žrtve, kadar je to potrebno iz pravnih razlogov, izda v skladu s koristjo otroka in se po potrebi obnovi pod enakimi pogoji.
3. Za neobnovitev ali odvzem dovoljenja za prebivanje veljajo pogoji, določeni z notranjim pravom pogodbenice.
4. Če žrtev vloži prošnjo za drugačno vrsto dovoljenja za prebivanje, pogodbenica upošteva, da je žrtev imela ali ima dovoljenje za prebivanje v skladu s prvim odstavkom.
5. Ob upoštevanju obveznosti pogodbenic, na kar se sklicuje 40. člen te konvencije, vsaka pogodbenica zagotovi, da odobritev dovoljenja v skladu s to določbo ne vpliva na pravico do pridobitve in uživanja azila.
15. člen – Odškodnina in pravna sredstva
1. Pogodbenica zagotovi, da imajo žrtve od svojega prvega stika s pristojnimi organi dostop do informacij o ustreznih sodnih in upravnih postopkih v jeziku, ki ga razumejo.
2. Pogodbenica v svojem notranjem pravu zagotovi pravico do pravne pomoči zagovornika in brezplačne pravne pomoči žrtvam pod pogoji, ki jih določa njeno notranje pravo.
3. Pogodbenica v svojem notranjem pravu žrtvam zagotovi pravico, da od storilcev dobijo odškodnino.
4. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne in druge ukrepe za zagotovitev odškodnine žrtvam v skladu s svojim notranjim pravom, na primer tako, da se ustanovi sklad za odškodnino žrtvam ali sprejmejo ukrepi ali programi za socialno pomoč in vključitev žrtev v družbo, ki se lahko financirajo s sredstvi, ki izhajajo iz uporabe ukrepov iz 23. člena.
16. člen – Vrnitev v matično državo in vrnitev žrtev
1. Pogodbenica, katere državljanstvo ima žrtev ali v kateri je imela pravico do stalnega prebivanja ob vstopu na območje pogodbenice sprejemnice, omogoči vrnitev te osebe in jo sprejme z upoštevanjem njenih pravic, varnosti in dostojanstva ter brez nepotrebnega in nerazumnega odlašanja.
2. Ob vrnitvi žrtve v drugo državo pogodbenica to opravi z upoštevanjem pravic, varnosti in dostojanstva te osebe ter statusa morebitnega pravnega postopka, povezanega s tem, da je oseba žrtev, vrnitev pa naj bo po možnosti prostovoljna.
3. Na zaprosilo pogodbenice sprejemnice zaprošena pogodbenica preveri, ali ima ta oseba njeno državljanstvo, ali je imela pravico do stalnega prebivanja na njenem območju ob vstopu na območje pogodbenice sprejemnice.
4. Da se omogoči vrnitev žrtve, ki nima ustreznih dokumentov, se pogodbenica, katere državljanstvo ima ali v kateri je oseba imela pravico do stalnega prebivanja ob vstopu na območje pogodbenice sprejemnice, strinja, da na zaprosilo pogodbenice sprejemnice izda take potne listine ali druga dovoljenja, ki so potrebna, da osebi omogočijo, da potuje in ponovno vstopi na njeno območje.
5. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne in druge ukrepe za oblikovanje programov vračanja v matično državo, pri čemer sodeluje z ustreznimi nacionalnimi ali mednarodnimi institucijami in nevladnimi organizacijami. Ti programi so namenjeni preprečevanju ponovne obravnave oseb kot žrtev. Pogodbenica se po svojih najboljših močeh zavzema za ponovno vključevanje žrtev v družbo v državi, kamor so se vrnile, vključno z njihovo ponovno vključitvijo v izobraževalni sistem in na trg delovne sile, zlasti s pridobivanjem in izboljšanjem poklicnih spretnosti. Pri otrocih ti programi vključujejo pravico do izobrazbe in ukrepe za zagotovitev ustreznega varstva ali sprejem v družino ali ustrezno varstveno ustanovo.
6. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne ali druge ukrepe, da žrtvam po potrebi v sodelovanju s katero koli drugo pogodbenico priskrbi informacije o strukturah, ki jim lahko pomagajo v domovini ali državi, kamor se vračajo, kot so na primer organi kazenskega pregona, nevladne organizacije, pravni poklici, ki lahko zagotovijo svetovanje, ter socialne ustanove.
7. Otroci, ki so žrtve, se ne vračajo v državo, če iz ocene varnosti in tveganja izhaja, da vrnitev ne bi bila v njihovo korist.
17. člen – Enakost spolov
Pogodbenica si pri izvajanju ukrepov iz tega poglavja prizadeva spodbujati enakost spolov in vključevati načelo enakosti spolov v razvijanje, izvajanje in ocenjevanje ukrepov.
IV. poglavje – Materialno kazensko pravo
18. člen – Kaznivost trgovine z ljudmi
Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne in druge ukrepe, da se ravnanje iz 4. člena te konvencije obravnava kot kaznivo dejanje, kadar je storjeno naklepno.
19. člen – Kaznivost uporabe storitev žrtve
Pogodbenica preuči sprejetje potrebnih zakonodajnih in drugih ukrepov, da se uporaba storitev, ki po točki a 4. člena te konvencije pomenijo izkoriščanje, obravnava kot kaznivo dejanje po njenem notranjem pravu, če je uporabniku storitev znano, da je oseba žrtev trgovine z ljudmi.
20. člen – Kaznivost dejanj, ki se nanašajo na potne ali osebne dokumente
Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne ali druge ukrepe, da se navedeno ravnanje obravnava kot kaznivo dejanje, kadar je storjeno naklepno in zaradi omogočanja trgovine z ljudmi:
a) ponarejanje potnih in osebnih dokumentov;
b) pridobitev ali zagotovitev dokumenta;
c) zadržanje, odvzem, prikrivanje, poškodovanje ali uničenje potnih ali osebnih dokumentov druge osebe.
21. člen – Poskus in udeležba pri kaznivem dejanju
1. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne ali druge ukrepe, da se udeležba pri kaznivih dejanjih iz 18. in 20. člena konvencije obravnavata kot kaznivi dejanji, kadar sta storjeni naklepno.
2. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne in druge ukrepe, da se poskus storitve kaznivih dejanj iz 18. člena in točke a 20. člena konvencije obravnava kot kaznivo dejanje, kadar je storjeno naklepno.
22. člen – Odgovornost pravnih oseb
1. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne ali druge ukrepe, da se zagotovi, da je lahko pravna oseba odgovorna za kaznivo dejanje v skladu s konvencijo, ki ga je v njeno korist storila fizična oseba samostojno ali kot del organa pravne osebe, v kateri ima vodilni položaj, na podlagi:
a) pooblastila o zastopanju pravne osebe;
b) pristojnosti, da lahko sprejema odločitve v imenu pravne osebe;
c) pristojnosti, da lahko opravlja nadzor v pravni osebi.
2. Poleg primerov iz prejšnjega odstavka pogodbenica sprejme potrebne ukrepe za zagotovitev, da je lahko pravna oseba odgovorna takrat, ko je pomanjkanje nadzora ali kontrole fizične osebe iz prejšnjega odstavka omogočilo, da je fizična oseba, ki je delovala v okviru njenih pristojnosti, storila kaznivo dejanje po tej konvenciji v korist pravne osebe.
3. Glede na pravna načela pogodbenice je lahko odgovornost pravne osebe kazenska, civilna ali upravna.
4. Taka odgovornost ne vpliva na kazensko odgovornost fizične osebe, ki stori kaznivo dejanje.
23. člen – Sankcije in ukrepi
1. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne ali druge ukrepe, da se zagotovi, da se kazniva dejanja, ki se določijo v skladu z 18. do 21. členom, kaznujejo z učinkovitimi, sorazmernimi in odvračilnimi sankcijami. Te sankcije naj za kazniva dejanja, ki se določijo v skladu z 18. členom konvencije in jih storijo fizične osebe, vključujejo tudi odvzem prostosti, ki je lahko povod za izročitev.
2. Pogodbenica zagotovi, da za pravne osebe, ki so odgovorne v skladu z 22. členom, veljajo učinkovite, sorazmerne in odvračilne kazenske ali nekazenske sankcije ali ukrepi, vključno z denarnimi kaznimi.
3. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne ali druge ukrepe, da ji omogočijo, da zaseže ali kako drugače odvzame predmete, ki so bili uporabljeni za storitev kaznivega dejanja, in premoženjsko korist, ki izvira iz njega, kot določata 18. člen in točka a 20. člena te konvencije, ali premoženje v vrednosti, ki ustreza vrednosti take premoženjske koristi.
4. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne ali druge ukrepe, da zagotovi začasno ali stalno zaprtje prostorov, uporabljenih za izvajanje trgovine z ljudmi, brez vpliva na pravice dobrovernih tretjih oseb, ali da storilcu začasno ali trajno onemogoči opravljanje dejavnosti, v okviru katere je bilo storjeno kaznivo dejanje.
24. člen – Oteževalne okoliščine
Pogodbenica zagotovi, da se navedene okoliščine obravnavajo kot oteževalne pri določanju kazni za kazniva dejanja, kot se določijo v skladu z 18. členom konvencije:
a) kaznivo dejanje je storjeno naklepno ali je iz hude malomarnosti ogrozilo življenje žrtve;
b) kaznivo dejanje je bilo storjeno zoper otroka;
c) kaznivo dejanje je storil javni uslužbenec pri opravljanju svojih dolžnosti;
d) kaznivo dejanje je bilo storjeno v okviru hudodelske združbe.
25. člen – Predkaznovanost
Pogodbenica sprejme zakonodajne in druge ukrepe, ki omogočijo, da se pri določanju kazni upoštevajo pravnomočne sodbe, ki so bile izdane s strani druge pogodbenice v povezavi s kaznivimi dejanji v skladu s konvencijo.
26. člen – Določba o nekaznovanju
Pogodbenica v skladu s temeljnimi načeli svojega pravnega sistema predvidi možnost, da žrtev ne kaznuje zaradi njihove vpletenosti v nezakonite dejavnosti, če so bile v to prisiljene.
V. poglavje – Preiskava, pregon in procesno pravo
27. člen – Zasebni pregon in pregon po uradni dolžnosti
1. Pogodbenica zagotovi, da preiskave in pregon kaznivih dejanj, določenih v skladu s to konvencijo, niso odvisni od prijave ali obtožbe žrtve, vsaj kadar je bilo kaznivo dejanje v celoti ali delno storjeno na njenem območju.
2. Pogodbenica zagotovi, da lahko žrtev kaznivega dejanja, storjenega na območju pogodbenice, v kateri ne prebiva, vloži prijavo pri pristojnem organu države stalnega prebivališča. Če organ, pri katerem se vloži prijava, ni pristojen za njeno obravnavo, jo nemudoma pošlje pristojnemu organu pogodbenice, na območju katere je bilo kaznivo dejanje storjeno. Prijava se obravnava v skladu z notranjim pravom pogodbenice, v kateri je bilo kaznivo dejanje storjeno.
3. Pogodbenica z zakonodajnimi in drugimi ukrepi ter v skladu s pogoji, ki jih določa njeno notranje pravo, vsaki skupini, ustanovi, društvu ali nevladni organizaciji, ki se bojuje proti trgovini z ljudmi ali se zavzema za varstvo človekovih pravic, zagotovi možnost, da žrtvi z njeno privolitvijo pomaga in/ali jo podpira med kazenskim postopkom v zvezi s kaznivim dejanjem, kot se določi v skladu z 18. členom konvencije.
28. člen – Zaščita žrtev, prič in oseb, ki sodelujejo s pravosodnimi organi
1. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne in druge ukrepe za učinkovito in ustrezno zaščito pred morebitnim maščevanjem ali ustrahovanjem, zlasti med preiskavo in pregonom storilcev in po njiju:
a) za žrtve;
b) po potrebi za osebe, ki prijavijo kazniva dejanja, kot se določijo v skladu z 18. členom te konvencije, ali kako drugače sodelujejo s preiskovalnimi organi in organi pregona;
c) za priče, ki pričajo v zvezi s kaznivimi dejanji, kot se določijo v skladu z 18. členom te konvencije;
d) po potrebi za družinske člane oseb iz točk a in c.
2. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne ali druge ukrepe, da se zagotovijo in ponudijo različne oblike zaščite. To lahko vključuje fizično zaščito, premestitev, spremembo identitete in pomoč pri iskanju zaposlitve.
3. Otrok, ki je žrtev, je deležen posebnih zaščitnih ukrepov, pri čemer se upošteva njegova korist.
4. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne ali druge ukrepe, da se za člane skupin, ustanov, društev in nevladnih organizacij, ki izvajajo dejavnosti iz tretjega odstavka 27. člena, po potrebi zagotovi ustrezna zaščita pred morebitnim maščevanjem in ustrahovanjem, zlasti med preiskavo in pregonom storilcev in po njiju.
5. Za izvajanje tega člena pogodbenica preuči možnost za sklepanje sporazumov ali dogovorov z drugimi državami.
29. člen – Posebej usposobljeni organi in koordinacijska telesa
1. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne ukrepe, da se zagotovi, da so osebe in organi posebej usposobljeni za boj proti trgovini in zagotavljanje zaščite žrtev. Te osebe in organi so neodvisni v skladu s temeljnimi načeli pravnega reda pogodbenice, tako da lahko svoje naloge opravljajo učinkovito in brez nepotrebnega pritiska. Osebe ali osebje teh organov mora biti ustrezno usposobljeno in imeti finančna sredstva za opravljanje svojih nalog.
2. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne ukrepe, da se zagotovi usklajevanje med politikami in ukrepi vladnih služb in drugih javnih organov, ki delujejo proti trgovini z ljudmi, po potrebi z ustanovitvijo usklajevalnih teles.
3. Pogodbenica zagotovi ali okrepi usposabljanje ustreznih javnih uslužbencev za preprečevanje trgovine z ljudmi in boj proti njej, vključno za varstvo človekovih pravic. Usposabljanje se lahko organizira posebej za posamezen organ in se po potrebi osredotoči na načine preprečevanja trgovine z ljudmi, pregon trgovcev z ljudmi in varstvo pravic žrtev, vključno z zaščito žrtev pred trgovci.
4. Pogodbenica predvidi možnost za imenovanje nacionalnih poročevalcev ali vzpostavitev drugih načinov za spremljanje dejavnosti državnih institucij za boj proti trgovini z ljudmi in izpolnjevanje obveznosti po notranji zakonodaji.
30. člen – Sodni postopki
V skladu s Konvencijo o varstvu človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin, zlasti z njenim 6. členom, pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne in druge ukrepe, da se med sodnimi postopki zagotovijo:
a) zaščita zasebnega življenja žrtev in po potrebi njihove identitete;
b) varnost in zaščita žrtev pred ustrahovanjem v skladu s pogoji po njenem notranjem pravu, če so žrtve otroci, pa s posebno skrbnostjo za njihove potrebe in zagotavljanje njihovih pravic do posebnih zaščitnih ukrepov.
31. člen – Jurisdikcija
1. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne in druge ukrepe, da se določi pristojnost za kaznivo dejanje v skladu s to konvencijo, če je storjeno:
a) na njenem ozemlju;
b) na ladji, ki pluje pod zastavo te pogodbenice;
c) v zrakoplovu, ki je registriran po pravu pogodbenice
d) in ga je storil njen državljan ali oseba brez državljanstva, ki običajno prebiva na njenem ozemlju, če je dejanje kaznivo po kazenski zakonodaji, tam, kjer je bilo storjeno, ali če je bilo dejanje storjeno zunaj ozemljske jurisdikcije katerekoli države;
e) proti kateremu od njenih državljanov.
2. Pogodbenica lahko ob podpisu ali deponiranju svoje listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu z izjavo, naslovljeno na generalnega sekretarja Sveta Evrope, izjavi, da si pridržuje pravico, da ne uporabi pravila o pristojnosti iz točk d in e prvega odstavka ali katerega koli njenega dela ali ga uporabi v posebnih primerih ali pod posebnimi pogoji.
3. Pogodbenica sprejme potrebne zakonodajne ukrepe, da se določi pristojnost za kazniva dejanja iz te konvencije, kadar je domnevni storilec na njenem območju in ga po zaprosilu za izročitev ne izroči drugi pogodbenici izključno zaradi njegovega državljanstva.
4. Kadar več kot ena pogodbenica uveljavlja pristojnost v zvezi z domnevnim kaznivim dejanjem, določenim s to konvencijo, se vpletene pogodbenice po potrebi posvetujejo, da določijo najprimernejšo pristojnost za pregon.
5. Ne glede na splošna pravila mednarodnega prava ta konvencija ne izključuje kazenske pristojnosti, ki jo izvaja pogodbenica v skladu z notranjim pravom.
VI. poglavje – Mednarodno sodelovanje in sodelovanje s civilno družbo
32. člen – Splošna načela in ukrepi za mednarodno sodelovanje
Pogodbenice sodelujejo med seboj v skladu s to konvencijo in veljavnimi mednarodnimi in regionalnimi dokumenti in dogovori, ki temeljijo na enotni in vzajemni zakonodaji in notranjem pravu v največjem mogočem obsegu, da bi:
– preprečevale trgovino z ljudmi in se bojevale proti njej;
– zagotovile zaščito in pomoč žrtvam;
– opravljale preiskave ali vodile postopke glede kaznivih dejanj, kot se določijo v skladu s to konvencijo.
33. člen – Ukrepi v zvezi z ogroženimi in pogrešanimi osebami
1. Kadar pogodbenica na podlagi razpoložljivih informacij utemeljeno sumi, da so na območju druge pogodbenice neposredno ogroženi življenje, svoboda ali telesna nedotakljivost osebe iz prvega odstavka 28. člena, pogodbenica, ki ima informacijo, v takem nujnem primeru to informacijo nemudoma sporoči drugi, da sprejme ustrezne zaščitne ukrepe.
2. Pogodbenice te konvencije lahko okrepijo svoje sodelovanje pri iskanju pogrešanih oseb, zlasti pogrešanih otrok, če na podlagi razpoložljivih informacij domnevajo, da je oseba žrtev trgovine z ljudmi. V ta namen lahko pogodbenice med seboj sklenejo dvo- ali večstranske sporazume.
34. člen – Informacije
1. Zaprošena pogodbenica nemudoma obvesti pogodbenico prosilko o končnem rezultatu v zvezi z ukrepi, sprejetimi v skladu s tem poglavjem. Zaprošena pogodbenica prav tako nemudoma obvesti pogodbenico prosilko o okoliščinah, ki onemogočajo izvajanje zaprošenega ukrepa, ali če obstaja verjetnost, da bo prišlo do občutnega odlašanja.
2. Pogodbenica lahko v okviru svojega notranjega prava brez predhodnega zaprosila drugi pogodbenici pošlje informacije, ki jih je pridobila pri svojih preiskavah, če domneva, da njihovo razkritje lahko pomaga pogodbenici prejemnici pri začetku ali izvedbi preiskav ali postopkov v zvezi s kaznivimi dejanji, kot se določijo v skladu s to konvencijo, ali so lahko podlaga za zaprosilo za sodelovanje te pogodbenice po tem poglavju.
3. Preden pogodbenica zagotovi informacijo, lahko zahteva, da ostane zaupna ali se uporablja pod določenimi pogoji. Če pogodbenica prejemnica takemu zaprosilu ne more ugoditi, o tem obvesti pogodbenico, da se nato odloči, ali naj informacijo kljub temu sporoči. Če pogodbenica prejemnica sprejme informacijo pod pogoji, jo ti zavezujejo.
4. Vse zaprošene informacije v zvezi s 13., 14. in 16. členom, potrebne za zagotavljanje pravic po teh členih, se pošljejo na zaprosilo pogodbenice brez odlašanja in z ustreznim upoštevanjem 11. člena te konvencije.
35. člen – Sodelovanje s civilno družbo
Pogodbenica spodbuja državne organe in javne uslužbence, da sodelujejo z nevladnimi organizacijami, drugimi ustreznimi organizacijami in člani civilne družbe pri ustanavljanju strateških partnerstev, da se doseže namen te konvencije.
VII. poglavje – Mehanizem spremljanja
36. člen – Skupina strokovnjakov za ukrepanje proti trgovini z ljudmi
1. Skupina strokovnjakov za ukrepanje proti trgovini z ljudmi (v nadaljevanju »GRETA«), spremlja, kako pogodbenice izvajajo to konvencijo.
2. GRETO sestavlja najmanj 10 in največ 15 članov, pri čemer se upoštevajo spolno in geografsko ravnotežje ter multidisciplinarnost strokovnega znanja. Člane izvoli Odbor pogodbenic za štiriletni mandat, ki je obnovljiv enkrat, izbrani pa so med državljani držav pogodbenic te konvencije.
3. Izvolitev članov GRETE temelji na teh načelih:
a) izbrani so med osebami z visokimi moralnimi vrednotami, ki so znani kot vrhunski strokovnjaki za človekove pravice, pomoč in zaščito žrtev ter ukrepanja proti trgovini z ljudmi ali imajo ustrezne strokovne izkušnje na področjih iz te konvencije;
b) delujejo kot posamezniki in so neodvisni in nepristranski pri opravljanju svojih nalog in jih učinkovito opravljajo;
c) v njej je lahko največ en državljan posamezne države;
d) predstavljajo glavne pravne sisteme.
4. Postopek izvolitve članov GRETE določi Odbor ministrov po posvetovanju s pogodbenicami te konvencije in po pridobitvi njihovega soglasja v enem letu po začetku veljavnosti te konvencije. GRETA sprejme svoj poslovnik.
37. člen – Odbor pogodbenic
1. Odbor pogodbenic sestavljajo predstavniki Odbora ministrov Sveta Evrope držav članic pogodbenic konvencije in predstavniki pogodbenic konvencije, ki niso članice Sveta Evrope.
2. Odbor pogodbenic skliče generalni sekretar Sveta Evrope. Prvi sestanek se skliče v enem letu po začetku veljavnosti te konvencije zaradi izvolitve članov GRETE. Pozneje se sestaja na zahtevo ene tretjine pogodbenic, predsednika GRETE ali generalnega sekretarja.
3. Odbor pogodbenic sprejme svoj poslovnik.
38. člen – Postopek
1. Postopek ocenjevanja se nanaša na pogodbenice konvencije in poteka v krogih, katerih trajanje določi GRETA. Na začetku vsakega kroga GRETA izbere posebne določbe, ki jih bo ocenjevala.
2. GRETA določi najustreznejša sredstva za ocenjevanje. Za vsak ocenjevalni krog GRETA pripravi vprašalnik, ki je lahko podlaga za ocenjevanje o tem, kako pogodbenice izvajajo konvencijo. Tak vprašalnik se naslovi na vse pogodbenice. Pogodbenice ga izpolnijo in odgovorijo na vsa druga vprašanja GRETE.
3. GRETA lahko prosi za informacije civilno družbo.
4. Poleg tega lahko GRETA, v sodelovanju z državnimi organi in kontaktno osebo, ki jo ti pooblastijo, in po potrebi s pomočjo neodvisnih nacionalnih strokovnjakov, organizira obisk v posamezni državi. Pri obiskih lahko GRETI pomagajo strokovnjaki s posameznih področij.
5. GRETA pripravi osnutek poročila, ki vsebuje njeno analizo o izvajanju določb, ki jih je ocenjevala, pa tudi njene pobude in predloge za načine, s katerimi pogodbenica lahko rešuje ugotovljene težave. Osnutek poročila se pošlje v pripombe ocenjevani pogodbenici. GRETA jih upošteva pri oblikovanju svojega poročila.
6. Na tej podlagi GRETA sprejme svoje poročilo in ugotovitve v zvezi z ukrepi, ki jih je sprejela pogodbenica za izvajanje te konvencije. To poročilo in ugotovitve se pošljejo pogodbenici in Odboru pogodbenic. Poročilo in ugotovitve GRETE so od sprejetja dalje javno objavljene skupaj z morebitnimi pripombami pogodbenice.
7. Ne glede na postopek iz prvega do šestega odstavka lahko Odbor pogodbenic na podlagi poročila in ugotovitev GRETE sprejme priporočila, naslovljena na to pogodbenico v zvezi z: a) ukrepi, ki jih je treba sprejeti, da se izvedejo sklepi GRETE, po potrebi z določitvijo datuma, do katerega je treba sporočiti informacijo o izvajanju priporočil in b) namenom spodbujanja sodelovanja s to pogodbenico za ustrezno izvajanje te konvencije.
VIII. poglavje – Razmerje do drugih mednarodnih dokumentov
39. člen – Razmerje do Protokola za preprečevanje, zatiranje in kaznovanje trgovine z ljudmi, zlasti ženskami in otroki, ki dopolnjuje Konvencijo Združenih narodov proti mednarodnemu organiziranemu kriminalu
Ta konvencija ne vpliva na pravice in obveznosti, ki izhajajo iz Protokola za preprečevanje, zatiranje in kaznovanje trgovine z ljudmi, zlasti ženskami in otroki, ki dopolnjuje Konvencijo Združenih narodov proti mednarodnemu organiziranemu kriminalu, in njen namen je okrepiti varstvo, ki ga zagotavlja protokol, in razviti standarde, ki jih vsebuje.
40. člen – Razmerje do drugih mednarodnih dokumentov
1. Ta konvencija ne vpliva na pravice in obveznosti, ki izhajajo iz drugih mednarodnih dokumentov, katerih pogodbenice so ali bodo postale pogodbenice te konvencije, ki vsebujejo določbe o zadevah, ki jih ureja ta konvencija, in zagotavljajo boljšo zaščito in pomoč žrtvam trgovine z ljudmi.
2. Pogodbenice te konvencije lahko med seboj sklepajo dvo- in večstranske sporazume o zadevah, ki jih ureja konvencija, zaradi dopolnitve ali okrepitve določb ali omogočanja uporabe načel, ki jih vsebuje.
3. Pogodbenice, ki so članice Evropske unije, v svojih medsebojnih odnosih uporabljajo predpise Skupnosti in Evropske unije, če obstajajo predpisi Skupnosti in Evropske unije, ki urejajo posamezno področje in veljajo v posameznem primeru, ne glede na cilj in namen te konvencije in na njeno polno uporabo pri drugih pogodbenicah.
4. Ta konvencija z nobeno določbo ne posega v pravice, obveznosti in odgovornosti države ali posameznikov po mednarodnem pravu, vključno z mednarodnim humanitarnim pravom in mednarodnim pravom o človekovih pravicah, zlasti po konvenciji iz leta 1951 in protokolu iz leta 1967 o statusu beguncev, in v načelo nevračanja, kot je vsebovano v teh dokumentih.
IX. poglavje – Spremembe konvencije
41. člen – Spremembe
1. Vsak predlog za spremembo te konvencije, ki ga predstavi pogodbenica, se sporoči generalnemu sekretarju Sveta Evrope, ki ga pošlje državam članicam Sveta Evrope, vsaki podpisnici, vsaki državi pogodbenici, Evropski skupnosti, vsaki državi, ki je bila povabljena k podpisu te konvencije v skladu z 42. členom, in vsaki državi, ki je bila povabljena k pristopu k tej konvenciji v skladu s 43. členom.
2. Vsaka sprememba, ki jo predlaga pogodbenica, se sporoči GRETI, ki Odboru ministrov pošlje svoje mnenje o predlagani spremembi.
3. Odbor ministrov preuči predlagano spremembo in mnenje GRETE in po posvetovanju s podpisnicami te konvencije ter ob prejemu njihovega soglasja lahko sprejme spremembo.
4. Besedilo spremembe, ki ga sprejme Odbor ministrov v skladu s tretjim odstavkom, se pošlje pogodbenicam v sprejetje.
5. Sprememba, sprejeta v skladu s tretjim odstavkom, začne veljati prvi dan meseca po poteku enega meseca po datumu, ko so vse pogodbenice obvestile generalnega sekretarja, da so jo sprejele.
X. poglavje – Končne določbe
42. člen – Podpis in začetek veljavnosti
1. Konvencija je na voljo za podpis državam članicam Sveta Evrope, državam nečlanicam, ki so sodelovale pri njeni pripravi, in Evropski skupnosti.
2. Konvencijo je treba ratificirati, sprejeti ali odobriti. Listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi se hranijo pri generalnem sekretarju Sveta Evrope.
3. Konvencija začne veljati prvi dan meseca po poteku treh mesecev po dnevu, ko je deset podpisnic, od katerih je najmanj osem držav članic Sveta Evrope, izrazilo soglasje, da jih konvencija zavezuje v skladu s prejšnjim odstavkom.
4. Za državo iz prvega odstavka ali za Evropsko skupnost, ki pozneje izrazi soglasje, da jo konvencija zavezuje, začne veljati prvi dan meseca po poteku treh mesecev po dnevu deponiranja njene listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi.
43. člen – Pristop h konvenciji
1. Po začetku veljavnosti konvencije lahko Odbor ministrov Sveta Evrope po posvetovanju s pogodbenicami in ob pridobitvi njihovega soglasja povabi katero koli državo nečlanico Sveta Evrope, ki ni sodelovala pri pripravi konvencije, da pristopi k njej na podlagi sklepa, ki ga sprejme večina, kot določa točka d 20. člena Statuta Sveta Evrope, in soglasno sprejetega sklepa predstavnikov držav pogodbenic, ki imajo pravico biti zastopane v Odboru ministrov.
2. Za državo, ki h konvenciji pristopi, začne veljati prvi dan meseca po poteku treh mesecev po dnevu deponiranja listine o pristopu pri generalnem sekretarju Sveta Evrope.
44. člen – Ozemeljska uporaba
1. Država ali Evropska skupnost lahko ob podpisu ali deponiranju listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu določi območje ali območja, na katerih se ta konvencija uporablja.
2. Pogodbenica lahko kadar koli pozneje z izjavo, naslovljeno na generalnega sekretarja Sveta Evrope, razširi uporabo konvencije na katero koli drugo območje, ki je določeno v izjavi in za mednarodne odnose katerega je odgovorna ali v imenu katerega je pooblaščena prevzemati obveznosti. Za tako območje začne konvencija veljati prvi dan meseca po poteku treh mesecev po dnevu, ko je generalni sekretar prejel tako izjavo.
3. Z uradnim obvestilom, naslovljenim na generalnega sekretarja, je mogoče umakniti vsako izjavo, dano po prejšnjih dveh odstavkih za katero koli območje, določeno v taki izjavi. Umik začne veljati prvi dan meseca po poteku treh mesecev po dnevu, ko je generalni sekretar prejel tako uradno obvestilo.
45. člen – Pridržki
K tej konvenciji niso dopustni nobeni pridržki, razen pridržka k drugemu odstavku 31. člena.
46. člen – Odpoved
1. Pogodbenica lahko konvencijo kadar koli odpove z uradnim obvestilom, naslovljenim na generalnega sekretarja Sveta Evrope.
2. Taka odpoved začne veljati prvi dan meseca po poteku treh mesecev po dnevu, ko je generalni sekretar prejel uradno obvestilo.
47. člen – Uradno obvestilo
Generalni sekretar Sveta Evrope uradno obvesti države članice Sveta Evrope, vsako državo podpisnico, vsako državo pogodbenico, Evropsko skupnost, vsako drugo državo, ki je bila povabljena, da podpiše konvencijo v skladu z 42. členom, in vsako državo, ki je bila povabljena, da pristopi h konvenciji v skladu s 43. členom, o:
a) vsakem podpisu,
b) deponiranju vsake listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu,
c) vsakem datumu začetka veljavnosti konvencije v skladu z 42. ali 43. členom,
d) vsaki spremembi, sprejeti v skladu z 41. členom, in datumu začetka veljavnosti te spremembe,
e) vsaki odpovedi, dani na podlagi 46. člena,
f) vsakem drugem dejanju, uradnem obvestilu v zvezi s to konvencijo,
g) vsakem pridržku po 45. členu.
V potrditev tega so podpisani, ki so bili za to pravilno pooblaščeni, podpisali to konvencijo.
Sklenjeno v Varšavi 16. maja 2005 v angleškem in francoskem jeziku, pri čemer sta obe besedili enako verodostojni, v enem samem izvodu, ki se hrani v arhivu Sveta Evrope. Generalni sekretar Sveta Evrope pošlje overjeno kopijo vsaki državi članici Sveta Evrope, državam nečlanicam, ki so sodelovale pri pripravi konvencije, Evropski skupnosti in vsaki državi, ki je povabljena, da pristopi k njej.
3. člen
Za izvajanje konvencije skrbi Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve v sodelovanju z Ministrstvom za delo, družino in socialne zadeve in Ministrstvom za pravosodje.
4. člen
(1) Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve sodelujeta z nevladnimi organizacijami in humanitarnimi organizacijami na področju izvajanja 5., 12., 13., 14., 16. ter 28. člena te konvencije. Nevladne organizacije, registrirane v Republiki Sloveniji ter organizacije, ki so pridobile status humanitarne organizacije v Republiki Sloveniji, katere se ukvarjajo z varstvom človekovih pravic ali temeljnih svoboščin, zlasti s področja preprečevanja trgovine z ljudmi ali pomoči žrtvam trgovine z ljudmi, lahko sodelujejo z navedenima ministrstvoma na področjih oskrbe žrtev trgovine z ljudmi, odkrivanja žrtev trgovine z ljudmi, namestitev žrtev v varnem prostoru, krizne namestitve žrtev, pomoči oziroma zaščiti žrtev v predkazenskih, kazenskih in sodnih postopkih, pomoči pri dostopu do trga dela, poklicnega usposabljanja in izobraževanja, pomoči pri urejanju statusa v Republiki Sloveniji, informiranja in osveščanja ciljnih populacij, ter vračanja žrtve v matično državo.
(2) Organizacije, ki bodo sodelovale pri izvajanju vrst pomoči iz prejšnjega odstavka, se izberejo z javnima razpisoma, ki ju ločeno izvedeta Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve in tudi odločita o izbiri organizacij ter ali bo rok nudenja storitev pomoči dve leti ali tri leta. Vsebina javnih razpisov mora biti v skladu s prejšnjim stavkom, prejšnjim odstavkom in podzakonskim aktom, izdanim na podlagi četrtega odstavka.
(3) Osebe iz izbranih organizacij, ki bodo sodelovale pri nudenju pomoči iz prvega odstavka tega člena, podajo predhodno pisno izjavo, da bodo pri opravljanju pomoči delovale v skladu s sklenjeno pogodbo na podlagi razpisov iz prejšnjega odstavka, delovale po predpisih o varovanju tajnosti osebnih in tajnih podatkov, varovale dostojanstvo in zasebnost žrtev trgovine z ljudmi ter delovale z vidika najvišje koristi žrtev trgovine z ljudmi.
(4) Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve krijeta stroške za izvedbo obveznosti iz pogodbe na podlagi razpisov iz svojih proračunskih postavk. Morebitne dodatno potrebne stroške za izvajanje pomoči žrtvam trgovine z ljudmi iz prvega odstavka tega člena organizacijam izplačata Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve iz svojih proračunskih postavk, po pravilniku, ki ga skupaj izdata minister, pristojen za notranje zadeve in minister, pristojen za delo, družino in socialne zadeve po predhodnem soglasju ministra, pristojnega za finance.
5. člen
Republika Slovenija ob deponiranju svoje listine o ratifikaciji Konvencije Sveta Evrope o ukrepanju proti trgovini z ljudmi generalnemu sekretarju Sveta Evrope sporoči naslednjo izjavo:
»Skladno z drugim odstavkom 31. člena konvencije, Republika Slovenija izjavlja, da si pridržuje pravico, da ne bo uporabljala pravila o pristojnosti iz točke d prvega odstavka 31. člena, glede na to, da ne more zagotoviti kazenskega pregona osebe brez državljanstva, ki običajno prebiva na njenem ozemlju, če je bilo kaznivo dejanje storjeno zunaj ozemeljske jurisdikcije katerekoli države.«.
6. člen
Ta zakon začne veljati naslednji dan po objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije – Mednarodne pogodbe.
Št. 212-05/09-2/15
Ljubljana, dne 15. julija 2009
EPA 741-IV
Državni zbor
Republike Slovenije
dr. Pavel Gantar l.r.
Predsednik
