Na podlagi šestega odstavka 21. člena Zakona o Vladi Republike Slovenije (Uradni list RS, št. 24/05 – uradno prečiščeno besedilo, 109/08, 38/10 – ZUKN, 8/12, 21/13, 47/13 – ZDU-1G, 65/14 in 55/17) in 77. člena Zakona o zunanjih zadevah (Uradni list RS, št. 113/03 – uradno prečiščeno besedilo, 20/06 – ZNOMCMO, 76/08, 108/09, 80/10 – ZUTD in 31/15) je Vlada Republike Slovenije na 175. redni seji dne 5. 4. 2018 sprejela
o objavi besedila Splošne deklaracije človekovih pravic,
ki jo je sprejela Generalna skupščina Organizacije združenih narodov na tretjem zasedanju v Parizu 10. decembra 1948 in ki se v izvirniku v angleškem jeziku in prevodu v slovenski jezik glasi:
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,
Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
1. Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
2. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.
2. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
1. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
2. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
1. Everyone has the right to a nationality.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
1. Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
2. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
3. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
1. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.
3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
2. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
3. Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
4. Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
1. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
3. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
1. Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.
2. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
3. These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
SPLOŠNA DEKLARACIJA ČLOVEKOVIH PRAVIC
Ker priznanje prirojenega dostojanstva ter enakih in neodtujljivih pravic vseh članov človeške družine pomeni temelj svobode, pravičnosti in miru v svetu,
ker sta zanikanje in teptanje človekovih pravic pripeljala do barbarskih dejanj, ki so pretresla zavest človeštva, in ker je bila za najvišjo spoznana težnja človeštva, da bi nastopil svet, v katerem bodo ljudje uživali svobodo govora in prepričanja ter svobodo živeti brez strahu in pomanjkanja,
ker je nujno potrebno človekove pravice zavarovati z vladavino prava, da se človek v skrajni sili ne bi bil prisiljen zateči k uporu zoper tiranijo in zatiranje,
ker je nujno potrebno spodbujati razvoj prijateljskih odnosov med narodi,
ker so ljudstva Organizacije združenih narodov v Ustanovni listini potrdila svojo vero v temeljne človekove pravice, dostojanstvo in vrednost človeškega bitja ter v enake pravice moških in žensk ter se odločila, da bodo spodbujala družbeni napredek in boljše življenjske razmere v večji svobodi,
ker so se države članice zavezale, da bodo, v sodelovanju z Organizacijo združenih narodov, zagotavljale splošno spoštovanje in upoštevanje človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin,
ker je skupno razumevanje teh pravic in svoboščin največjega pomena za celovito uresničitev te zaveze,
razglaša Splošno deklaracijo človekovih pravic kot skupen ideal vseh ljudstev in vseh narodov z namenom, da bi vsi posamezniki in vsi organi družbe, vselej ob upoštevanju te deklaracije, z vzgojo in izobraževanjem spodbujali spoštovanje teh pravic in svoboščin ter s postopnimi državnimi in mednarodnimi ukrepi zagotovili njihovo splošno in dejansko priznanje in upoštevanje, tako med ljudstvi držav članic samih kakor tudi med ljudstvi ozemelj pod njihovo upravo.
Vsi ljudje se rodijo svobodni ter imajo enako dostojanstvo in pravice. Dana sta jim razum in vest, in bi morali drug z drugim ravnati v duhu bratstva.
Vsakdo je upravičen do uživanja vseh pravic in svoboščin, zapisanih v tej deklaraciji, brez vsakršnega razlikovanja, zlasti glede na raso, barvo kože, spol, jezik, vero, politični ali drugi nazor, narodno ali družbeno poreklo, premoženje, rojstvo ali katerokoli drugo okoliščino.
Poleg tega ni dopustno nikakršno razlikovanje na podlagi politične ali pravne ureditve ali mednarodnega položaja dežele ali ozemlja, ki mu kdo pripada, pa naj bo to ozemlje neodvisno, pod skrbništvom, brez samouprave ali kakorkoli omejeno v svoji suverenosti.
Vsakdo ima pravico do življenja, prostosti in osebne varnosti.
Nikogar se ne sme držati v suženjstvu ali podložnosti; suženjstvo in trgovina s sužnji sta prepovedana v vseh oblikah.
Nikogar se ne sme podvreči mučenju ali krutemu, nečloveškemu ali ponižujočemu ravnanju ali kaznovanju.
Vsakdo ima pravico, da mu je povsod priznana pravna osebnost.
Vsi so enaki pred zakonom in vsi imajo brez kakršnegakoli razlikovanja pravico do enakega pravnega varstva. Vsi imajo pravico do enakega varstva pred sleherno diskriminacijo, ki bi kršila to deklaracijo, kakor tudi pred vsakršnim spodbujanjem k takšni diskriminaciji.
Vsakdo ima pravico do učinkovitega pravnega sredstva pred pristojnimi državnimi sodišči za dejanja, ki kršijo temeljne pravice, ki so mu priznane po ustavi ali zakonu.
Nikogar se ne sme samovoljno prijeti, pridržati ali izgnati.
Vsakdo je pri odločanju o njegovih pravicah in dolžnostih in v primeru kakršnekoli kazenske obtožbe zoper njega upravičen ob polni enakosti do pravične in javne obravnave pred neodvisnim in nepristranskim sodiščem.
1. Kdor je obtožen kaznivega dejanja, ima pravico veljati za nedolžnega, dokler ni v skladu z zakonom dokazana njegova krivda v javnem sojenju, v katerem so mu bile zagotovljene vse možnosti za obrambo.
2. Nihče ne sme biti spoznan za krivega kateregakoli kaznivega dejanja zaradi storitve ali opustitve, ki ni bilo določeno kot kaznivo dejanje po notranjem ali mednarodnem pravu v času, ko je bilo storjeno. Prav tako se ne sme izreči strožja kazen od tiste, ki jo je bilo mogoče izreči, ko je bilo kaznivo dejanje storjeno.
Nikomur se ne sme nihče samovoljno vmešavati v zasebno življenje, družino, dom ali dopisovanje niti ne sme žaliti njegove časti in dobrega imena. Vsakdo ima pravico do pravnega varstva pred takšnim vmešavanjem ali napadi.
1. Vsakdo ima pravico do svobodnega gibanja in prebivanja znotraj meja določene države.
2. Vsakdo ima pravico zapustiti vsako državo, tudi svojo, in se vrniti v svojo državo.
1. Vsakdo ima pravico v drugih državah iskati in uživati pribežališče pred preganjanjem.
2. Na to pravico se ni mogoče sklicevati v primeru pregona, ki dejansko temelji na nepolitičnih kaznivih dejanjih ali dejanjih, ki so v nasprotju s cilji in načeli Organizacije združenih narodov.
1. Vsakdo ima pravico do državljanstva.
2. Nikomur se ne sme samovoljno odvzeti državljanstva ali odreči pravice do spremembe državljanstva.
1. Polnoletni moški in ženske imajo brez kakršnihkoli omejitev glede rase, državljanstva ali vere pravico skleniti zakonsko zvezo in ustvariti družino. Imajo enake pravice glede zakonske zveze, med njenim trajanjem in ob razvezi.
2. Zakonska zveza se sme skleniti samo s svobodno in polno privolitvijo obeh bodočih zakoncev.
3. Družina je naravna in temeljna enota družbe ter ima pravico do družbenega in državnega varstva.
1. Vsakdo, bodisi sam bodisi skupaj z drugimi, ima pravico imeti v lasti premoženje.
2. Nikomur ne sme biti premoženje samovoljno odvzeto.
Vsakdo ima pravico do svobode misli, vesti in vere; ta pravica vključuje svobodo spremeniti vero ali prepričanje ter svobodo, da bodisi sam bodisi skupaj z drugimi ter javno ali zasebno izraža svojo vero ali prepričanje s poučevanjem, prakso, bogoslužjem in verskimi obredi.
Vsakdo ima pravico do svobode mnenja in izražanja; ta pravica vključuje svobodo imeti mnenje brez vmešavanja ter svobodo iskati, sprejemati in širiti informacije in ideje na kakršenkoli način in ne glede na meje.
1. Vsakdo ima pravico do svobode mirnega zbiranja in združevanja.
2. Nikogar se ne sme prisiliti k članstvu v kateremkoli združenju.
1. Vsakdo ima pravico sodelovati pri upravljanju svoje države neposredno ali po svobodno izbranih predstavnikih.
2. Vsakdo ima pravico do enakega dostopa do javnih služb v svoji državi.
3. Volja ljudstva je temelj javne oblasti; ta volja se izraža na rednih in poštenih volitvah ob splošni in enaki volilni pravici ter s tajnim glasovanjem ali po drugem enakovrednem postopku svobodnega glasovanja.
Vsakdo ima kot član družbe pravico do socialne varnosti in je, na podlagi nacionalnih prizadevanj in mednarodnega sodelovanja ter ob upoštevanju organizacije in virov vsake države, upravičen do uresničevanja ekonomskih, socialnih in kulturnih pravic, ki so nepogrešljive za njegovo dostojanstvo in svoboden razvoj njegove osebnosti.
1. Vsakdo ima pravico do dela, proste izbire zaposlitve, pravičnih in ustreznih delovnih pogojev in varstva pred brezposelnostjo.
2. Vsakdo ima, brez vsakršne diskriminacije, pravico do enakega plačila za enako delo.
3. Kdor dela, ima pravico do pravičnega in ustreznega plačila, ki njemu in njegovi družini zagotavlja človeka dostojen obstoj in ki se po potrebi dopolni z drugimi ukrepi socialnega varstva.
4. Vsakdo ima pravico do ustanavljanja sindikatov in članstva v njih za varstvo svojih interesov.
Vsakdo ima pravico do počitka in prostega časa, vključno z razumno omejitvijo delovnega časa, in pravico do rednega plačanega dopusta.
1. Vsakdo ima pravico do življenjske ravni, ki njemu in njegovi družini omogoča zdravje in blaginjo, vključno s hrano, obleko, bivališčem, zdravstveno oskrbo in potrebnimi socialnimi storitvami ter pravico do varnosti v primeru brezposelnosti, bolezni, invalidnosti, vdovstva, starosti ali druge nezmožnosti pridobivanja sredstev za preživljanje zaradi okoliščin, neodvisnih od njegove volje.
2. Materinstvo in otroštvo sta upravičena do posebne skrbi in pomoči. Vsi otroci, rojeni v zakonski zvezi ali zunaj nje, uživajo enako socialno varstvo.
1. Vsakdo ima pravico do izobraževanja. Izobraževanje je brezplačno vsaj na osnovnih in temeljnih stopnjah. Izobraževanje na osnovni stopnji je obvezno. Tehnično in poklicno izobraževanje je splošno dostopno; visokošolsko izobraževanje je vsem enako dostopno na podlagi doseženih uspehov.
2. Izobraževanje je usmerjeno k polnemu razvoju človekove osebnosti in utrjevanju spoštovanja človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin. Spodbuja razumevanje, strpnost in prijateljstvo med vsemi narodi in rasnimi ali verskimi skupinami ter podpira dejavnosti Organizacije združenih narodov za ohranjanje miru.
3. Starši imajo prednostno pravico pri izbiri vrste izobraževanja svojih otrok.
1. Vsakdo ima pravico prosto sodelovati v kulturnem življenju skupnosti, uživati umetnost ter biti udeležen pri znanstvenem napredku in njegovih koristih.
2. Vsakdo ima pravico do varstva moralnih in premoženjskih koristi, ki izhajajo iz kateregakoli znanstvenega, književnega ali umetniškega dela, katerega avtor je.
Vsakdo je upravičen do družbenega in mednarodnega reda, v katerem se lahko v polni meri uresničujejo pravice in svoboščine, določene v tej deklaraciji.
1. Vsakdo ima dolžnosti do skupnosti, kajti samo v njej je mogoč svoboden in poln razvoj njegove osebnosti.
2. Pri uresničevanju pravic in svoboščin za vsakogar veljajo samo omejitve, ki so določene z zakonom in katerih izključni namen je zagotoviti ustrezno priznanje in spoštovanje pravic in svoboščin drugih ter zadostiti upravičenim zahtevam morale, javnega reda in splošne blaginje v demokratični družbi.
3. Teh pravic in svoboščin se v nobenem primeru ne sme uresničevati v nasprotju s cilji in načeli Organizacije združenih narodov.
Ničesar v tej deklaraciji ni mogoče razlagati v smislu, da katerikoli državi, skupini ali posamezniku daje pravico, da izvaja katerokoli dejavnost ali stori katerokoli dejanje, usmerjeno k uničenju katerekoli od tukaj določenih pravic in svoboščin.
Št. 07000-2/2018
Ljubljana, dne 5. aprila 2018
EVA 2018-1811-0045
Vlada Republike Slovenije
dr. Miroslav Cerar l.r.
