Na podlagi druge alinee prvega odstavka 107. člena in prvega odstavka 91. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije izdajam
U K A Z
O RAZGLASITVI ZAKONA O RATIFIKACIJI STOCKHOLMSKE KONVENCIJE O OBSTOJNIH ORGANSKIH ONESNAŽEVALIH (MSKOO)
Razglašam Zakon o ratifikaciji Stockholmske konvencije o obstojnih organskih onesnaževalih (MSKOO), ki ga je Državni zbor Republike Slovenije na seji 27. februarja 2004.
Št. 001-22-21/04
Ljubljana, dne 8. marec 2004
Predsednik
Republike Slovenije
dr. Janez Drnovšek l. r.
Z A K O N
O RATIFIKACIJI STOCKHOLMSKE KONVENCIJE O OBSTOJNIH ORGANSKIH ONESNAŽEVALIH (MSKOO)
1. člen
Ratificira se Stockholmska konvencija o obstojnih organskih onesnaževalih, sklenjena 22. maja 2001 v Stockholmu.
2. člen
Besedilo konvencije se v izvirniku v angleškem jeziku ter v prevodu v slovenskem jeziku glasi:
The Parties to this Convention,
Recognizing that persistent organic pollutants possess toxic properties, resist degradation, bioaccumulate and are transported, through air, water and migratory species, across international boundaries and deposited far from their place of release, where they accumulate in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,
Aware of the health concerns, especially in developing countries, resulting from local exposure to persistent organic pollutants, in particular impacts upon women and, through them, upon future generations,
Acknowledging that the Arctic ecosystems and indigenous communities are particularly at risk because of the biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants and that contamination of their traditional foods is a public health issue,
Conscious of the need for global action on persistent organic pollutants,
Mindful of decision 19/13 C of 7 February 1997 of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme to initiate international action to protect human health and the environment through measures which will reduce and/or eliminate emissions and discharges of persistent organic pollutants,
Recalling the pertinent provisions of the relevant international environmental conventions, especially the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, and the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal including the regional agreements developed within the framework of its Article 11,
Recalling also the pertinent provisions of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and Agenda 21,
Acknowledging that precaution underlies the concerns of all the Parties and is embedded within this Convention,
Recognizing that this Convention and other international agreements in the field of trade and the environment are mutually supportive,
Reaffirming that States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental and developmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction,
Taking into account the circumstances and particular requirements of developing countries, in particular the least developed among them, and countries with economies in transition, especially the need to strengthen their national capabilities for the management of chemicals, including through the transfer of technology, the provision of financial and technical assistance and the promotion of cooperation among the Parties,
Taking full account of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, adopted in Barbados on 6 May 1994,
Noting the respective capabilities of developed and developing countries, as well as the common but differentiated responsibilities of States as set forth in Principle 7 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,
Recognizing the important contribution that the private sector and non-governmental organizations can make to achieving the reduction and/or elimination of emissions and discharges of persistent organic pollutants,
Underlining the importance of manufacturers of persistent organic pollutants taking responsibility for reducing adverse effects caused by their products and for providing information to users, Governments and the public on the hazardous properties of those chemicals,
Conscious of the need to take measures to prevent adverse effects caused by persistent organic pollutants at all stages of their life cycle,
Reaffirming Principle 16 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development which states that national authorities should endeavour to promote the internalization of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments, taking into account the approach that the polluter should, in principle, bear the cost of pollution, with due regard to the public interest and without distorting international trade and investment,
Encouraging Parties not having regulatory and assessment schemes for pesticides and industrial chemicals to develop such schemes,
Recognizing the importance of developing and using environmentally sound alternative processes and chemicals,
Determined to protect human health and the environment from the harmful impacts of persistent organic pollutants,
Have agreed as follows:
S T O C K H O L M C O N V E N T I O N
ON PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
Article 1
Objective
Mindful of the precautionary approach as set forth in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the objective of this Convention is to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants.
Article 2
Definitions
For the purposes of this Convention:
(a)“Party” means a State or regional economic integration organization that has consented to be bound by this Convention and for which the Convention is in force;
(b)"Regional economic integration organization" means an organization constituted by sovereign States of a given region to which its member States have transferred competence in respect of matters governed by this Convention and which has been duly authorized, in accordance with its internal procedures, to sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to this Convention;
(c)"Parties present and voting" means Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote.
Article 3
Measures to reduce or eliminate releases from intentional production and use
1. Each Party shall:
(a)Prohibit and/or take the legal and administrative measures necessary to eliminate:
(i) Its production and use of the chemicals listed in Annex A subject to the provisions of that Annex; and
(ii) Its import and export of the chemicals listed in Annex A in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2; and
(b)Restrict its production and use of the chemicals listed in Annex B in accordance with the provisions of that Annex.
2. Each Party shall take measures to ensure:
(a)That a chemical listed in Annex A or Annex B is imported only:
(i) For the purpose of environmentally sound disposal as set forth in paragraph 1 (d) of Article 6; or
(ii) For a use or purpose which is permitted for that Party under Annex A or Annex B;
(b) That a chemical listed in Annex A for which any production or use specific exemption is in effect or a chemical listed in Annex B for which any production or use specific exemption or acceptable purpose is in effect, taking into account any relevant provisions in existing international prior informed consent instruments, is exported only:
(i) For the purpose of environmentally sound disposal as set forth in paragraph 1 (d) of Article 6;
(ii) To a Party which is permitted to use that chemical under Annex A or Annex B; or
(iii) To a State not Party to this Convention which has provided an annual certification to the exporting Party. Such certification shall specify the intended use of the chemical and include a statement that, with respect to that chemical, the importing State is committed to:
a. Protect human health and the environment by taking the necessary measures to minimize or prevent releases;
b. Comply with the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 6; and
c. Comply, where appropriate, with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Part II of Annex B.
The certification shall also include any appropriate supporting documentation, such as legislation, regulatory instruments, or administrative or policy guidelines. The exporting Party shall transmit the certification to the Secretariat within sixty days of receipt.
(c) That a chemical listed in Annex A, for which production and use specific exemptions are no longer in effect for any Party, is not exported from it except for the purpose of environmentally sound disposal as set forth in paragraph 1 (d) of Article 6;
(d) For the purposes of this paragraph, the term “State not Party to this Convention” shall include, with respect to a particular chemical, a State or regional economic integration organization that has not agreed to be bound by the Convention with respect to that chemical.
3. Each Party that has one or more regulatory and assessment schemes for new pesticides or new industrial chemicals shall take measures to regulate with the aim of preventing the production and use of new pesticides or new industrial chemicals which, taking into consideration the criteria in paragraph 1 of Annex D, exhibit the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants.
4. Each Party that has one or more regulatory and assessment schemes for pesticides or industrial chemicals shall, where appropriate, take into consideration within these schemes the criteria in paragraph 1 of Annex D when conducting assessments of pesticides or industrial chemicals currently in use.
5. Except as otherwise provided in this Convention, paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to quantities of a chemical to be used for laboratory-scale research or as a reference standard.
6. Any Party that has a specific exemption in accordance with Annex A or a specific exemption or an acceptable purpose in accordance with Annex B shall take appropriate measures to ensure that any production or use under such exemption or purpose is carried out in a manner that prevents or minimizes human exposure and release into the environment. For exempted uses or acceptable purposes that involve intentional release into the environment under conditions of normal use, such release shall be to the minimum extent necessary, taking into account any applicable standards and guidelines.
Article 4
Register of specific exemptions
1. A Register is hereby established for the purpose of identifying the Parties that have specific exemptions listed in Annex A or Annex B. It shall not identify Parties that make use of the provisions in Annex A or Annex B that may be exercised by all Parties. The Register shall be maintained by the Secretariat and shall be available to the public.
2. The Register shall include:
(a) A list of the types of specific exemptions reproduced from Annex A and Annex B;
(b) A list of the Parties that have a specific exemption listed under Annex A or Annex B; and
(c) A list of the expiry dates for each registered specific exemption.
3. Any State may, on becoming a Party, by means of a notification in writing to the Secretariat, register for one or more types of specific exemptions listed in Annex A or Annex B.
4. Unless an earlier date is indicated in the Register by a Party, or an extension is granted pursuant to paragraph 7, all registrations of specific exemptions shall expire five years after the date of entry into force of this Convention with respect to a particular chemical.
5. At its first meeting, the Conference of the Parties shall decide upon its review process for the entries in the Register.
6. Prior to a review of an entry in the Register, the Party concerned shall submit a report to the Secretariat justifying its continuing need for registration of that exemption. The report shall be circulated by the Secretariat to all Parties. The review of a registration shall be carried out on the basis of all available information. Thereupon, the Conference of the Parties may make such recommendations to the Party concerned as it deems appropriate.
7. The Conference of the Parties may, upon request from the Party concerned, decide to extend the expiry date of a specific exemption for a period of up to five years. In making its decision, the Conference of the Parties shall take due account of the special circumstances of the developing country Parties and Parties with economies in transition.
8. A Party may, at any time, withdraw an entry from the Register for a specific exemption upon written notification to the Secretariat. The withdrawal shall take effect on the date specified in the notification.
9. When there are no longer any Parties registered for a particular type of specific exemption, no new registrations may be made with respect to it.
Article 5
Measures to reduce or eliminate releases from unintentional production
Each Party shall at a minimum take the following measures to reduce the total releases derived from anthropogenic sources of each of the chemicals listed in Annex C, with the goal of their continuing minimization and, where feasible, ultimate elimination:
(a) Develop an action plan or, where appropriate, a regional or subregional action plan within two years of the date of entry into force of this Convention for it, and subsequently implement it as part of its implementation plan specified in Article 7, designed to identify, characterize and address the release of the chemicals listed in Annex C and to facilitate implementation of subparagraphs (b) to (e). The action plan shall include the following elements:
(i) An evaluation of current and projected releases, including the development and maintenance of source inventories and release estimates, taking into consideration the source categories identified in Annex C;
(ii) An evaluation of the efficacy of the laws and policies of the Party relating to the management of such releases;
(iii) Strategies to meet the obligations of this paragraph, taking into account the evaluations in (i) and (ii);
(iv) Steps to promote education and training with regard to, and awareness of, those strategies;
(v) A review every five years of those strategies and of their success in meeting the obligations of this paragraph; such reviews shall be included in reports submitted pursuant to Article 15;
(vi) A schedule for implementation of the action plan, including for the strategies and measures identified therein;
(b) Promote the application of available, feasible and practical measures that can expeditiously achieve a realistic and meaningful level of release reduction or source elimination;
(c) Promote the development and, where it deems appropriate, require the use of substitute or modified materials, products and processes to prevent the formation and release of the chemicals listed in Annex C, taking into consideration the general guidance on prevention and release reduction measures in Annex C and guidelines to be adopted by decision of the Conference of the Parties;
(d) Promote and, in accordance with the implementation schedule of its action plan, require the use of best available techniques for new sources within source categories which a Party has identified as warranting such action in its action plan, with a particular initial focus on source categories identified in Part II of Annex C. In any case, the requirement to use best available techniques for new sources in the categories listed in Part II of that Annex shall be phased in as soon as practicable but no later than four years after the entry into force of the Convention for that Party. For the identified categories, Parties shall promote the use of best environmental practices. When applying best available techniques and best environmental practices, Parties should take into consideration the general guidance on prevention and release reduction measures in that Annex and guidelines on best available techniques and best environmental practices to be adopted by decision of the Conference of the Parties;
(e) Promote, in accordance with its action plan, the use of best available techniques and best environmental practices:
(i) For existing sources, within the source categories listed in Part II of Annex C and within source categories such as those in Part III of that Annex; and
(ii) For new sources, within source categories such as those listed in Part III of Annex C which a Party has not addressed under subparagraph (d).
When applying best available techniques and best environmental practices, Parties should take into consideration the general guidance on prevention and release reduction measures in Annex C and guidelines on best available techniques and best environmental practices to be adopted by decision of the Conference of the Parties;
(f) For the purposes of this paragraph and Annex C:
(i) "Best available techniques" means the most effective and advanced stage in the development of activities and their methods of operation which indicate the practical suitability of particular techniques for providing in principle the basis for release limitations designed to prevent and, where that is not practicable, generally to reduce releases of chemicals listed in Part I of Annex C and their impact on the environment as a whole. In this regard:
(ii) “Techniques” includes both the technology used and the way in which the installation is designed, built, maintained, operated and decommissioned;
(iii)“Available” techniques means those techniques that are accessible to the operator and that are developed on a scale that allows implementation in the relevant industrial sector, under economically and technically viable conditions, taking into consideration the costs and advantages; and
(iv)“Best” means most effective in achieving a high general level of protection of the environment as a whole;
(v) "Best environmental practices" means the application of the most appropriate combination of environmental control measures and strategies;
(vi) “New source” means any source of which the construction or substantial modification is commenced at least one year after the date of:
a. Entry into force of this Convention for the Party concerned; or
b. Entry into force for the Party concerned of an amendment to Annex C where the source becomes subject to the provisions of this Convention only by virtue of that amendment.
(g) Release limit values or performance standards may be used by a Party to fulfill its commitments for best available techniques under this paragraph.
Article 6
Measures to reduce or eliminate releases from stockpiles and wastes
1. In order to ensure that stockpiles consisting of or containing chemicals listed either in Annex A or Annex B and wastes, including products and articles upon becoming wastes, consisting of, containing or contaminated with a chemical listed in Annex A, B or C, are managed in a manner protective of human health and the environment, each Party shall:
(a) Develop appropriate strategies for identifying:
(i) Stockpiles consisting of or containing chemicals listed either in Annex A or Annex B; and
(ii) Products and articles in use and wastes consisting of, containing or contaminated with a chemical listed in Annex A, B or C;
(b) Identify, to the extent practicable, stockpiles consisting of or containing chemicals listed either in Annex A or Annex B on the basis of the strategies referred to in subparagraph (a);
(c) Manage stockpiles, as appropriate, in a safe, efficient and environmentally sound manner. Stockpiles of chemicals listed either in Annex A or Annex B, after they are no longer allowed to be used according to any specific exemption specified in Annex A or any specific exemption or acceptable purpose specified in Annex B, except stockpiles which are allowed to be exported according to paragraph 2 of Article 3, shall be deemed to be waste and shall be managed in accordance with subparagraph (d);
(d) Take appropriate measures so that such wastes, including products and articles upon becoming wastes, are:
(i) Handled, collected, transported and stored in an environmentally sound manner;
(ii) Disposed of in such a way that the persistent organic pollutant content is destroyed or irreversibly transformed so that they do not exhibit the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants or otherwise disposed of in an environmentally sound manner when destruction or irreversible transformation does not represent the environmentally preferable option or the persistent organic pollutant content is low, taking into account international rules, standards, and guidelines, including those that may be developed pursuant to paragraph 2, and relevant global and regional regimes governing the management of hazardous wastes;
(iii) Not permitted to be subjected to disposal operations that may lead to recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct reuse or alternative uses of persistent organic pollutants; and
(iv) Not transported across international boundaries without taking into account relevant international rules, standards and guidelines;
(e) Endeavour to develop appropriate strategies for identifying sites contaminated by chemicals listed in Annex A, B or C; if remediation of those sites is undertaken it shall be performed in an environmentally sound manner.
2. The Conference of the Parties shall cooperate closely with the appropriate bodies of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal to, inter alia:
(a) Establish levels of destruction and irreversible transformation necessary to ensure that the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants as specified in paragraph 1 of Annex D are not exhibited;
(b) Determine what they consider to be the methods that constitute environmentally sound disposal referred to above; and
(c) Work to establish, as appropriate, the concentration levels of the chemicals listed in Annexes A, B and C in order to define the low persistent organic pollutant content referred to in paragraph 1 (d)(ii).
Article 7
Implementation plans
1. Each Party shall:
(a) Develop and endeavour to implement a plan for the implementation of its obligations under this Convention;
(b) Transmit its implementation plan to the Conference of the Parties within two years of the date on which this Convention enters into force for it; and
(c) Review and update, as appropriate, its implementation plan on a periodic basis and in a manner to be specified by a decision of the Conference of the Parties.
2. The Parties shall, where appropriate, cooperate directly or through global, regional and subregional organizations, and consult their national stakeholders, including women’s groups and groups involved in the health of children, in order to facilitate the development, implementation and updating of their implementation plans.
3. The Parties shall endeavour to utilize and, where necessary, establish the means to integrate national implementation plans for persistent organic pollutants in their sustainable development strategies where appropriate.
Article 8
Listing of chemicals in Annexes A, B and C
1. A Party may submit a proposal to the Secretariat for listing a chemical in Annexes A, B and/or C. The proposal shall contain the information specified in Annex D. In developing a proposal, a Party may be assisted by other Parties and/or by the Secretariat.
2. The Secretariat shall verify whether the proposal contains the information specified in Annex D. If the Secretariat is satisfied that the proposal contains the information so specified, it shall forward the proposal to the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee.
3. The Committee shall examine the proposal and apply the screening criteria specified in Annex D in a flexible and transparent way, taking all information provided into account in an integrative and balanced manner.
4. If the Committee decides that:
(a) It is satisfied that the screening criteria have been fulfilled, it shall, through the Secretariat, make the proposal and the evaluation of the Committee available to all Parties and observers and invite them to submit the information specified in Annex E; or
(b) It is not satisfied that the screening criteria have been fulfilled, it shall, through the Secretariat, inform all Parties and observers and make the proposal and the evaluation of the Committee available to all Parties and the proposal shall be set aside.
5. Any Party may resubmit a proposal to the Committee that has been set aside by the Committee pursuant to paragraph 4. The resubmission may include any concerns of the Party as well as a justification for additional consideration by the Committee. If, following this procedure, the Committee again sets the proposal aside, the Party may challenge the decision of the Committee and the Conference of the Parties shall consider the matter at its next session. The Conference of the Parties may decide, based on the screening criteria in Annex D and taking into account the evaluation of the Committee and any additional information provided by any Party or observer, that the proposal should proceed.
6. Where the Committee has decided that the screening criteria have been fulfilled, or the Conference of the Parties has decided that the proposal should proceed, the Committee shall further review the proposal, taking into account any relevant additional information received, and shall prepare a draft risk profile in accordance with Annex E. It shall, through the Secretariat, make that draft available to all Parties and observers, collect technical comments from them and, taking those comments into account, complete the risk profile.
7. If, on the basis of the risk profile conducted in accordance with Annex E, the Committee decides:
(a) That the chemical is likely as a result of its long-range environmental transport to lead to significant adverse human health and/or environmental effects such that global action is warranted, the proposal shall proceed. Lack of full scientific certainty shall not prevent the proposal from proceeding. The Committee shall, through the Secretariat, invite information from all Parties and observers relating to the considerations specified in Annex F. It shall then prepare a risk management evaluation that includes an analysis of possible control measures for the chemical in accordance with that Annex; or
(b) That the proposal should not proceed, it shall, through the Secretariat, make the risk profile available to all Parties and observers and set the proposal aside.
8. For any proposal set aside pursuant to paragraph 7 (b), a Party may request the Conference of the Parties to consider instructing the Committee to invite additional information from the proposing Party and other Parties during a period not to exceed one year. After that period and on the basis of any information received, the Committee shall reconsider the proposal pursuant to paragraph 6 with a priority to be decided by the Conference of the Parties. If, following this procedure, the Committee again sets the proposal aside, the Party may challenge the decision of the Committee and the Conference of the Parties shall consider the matter at its next session. The Conference of the Parties may decide, based on the risk profile prepared in accordance with Annex E and taking into account the evaluation of the Committee and any additional information provided by any Party or observer, that the proposal should proceed. If the Conference of the Parties decides that the proposal shall proceed, the Committee shall then prepare the risk management evaluation.
9. The Committee shall, based on the risk profile referred to in paragraph 6 and the risk management evaluation referred to in paragraph 7 (a) or paragraph 8, recommend whether the chemical should be considered by the Conference of the Parties for listing in Annexes A, B and/or C. The Conference of the Parties, taking due account of the recommendations of the Committee, including any scientific uncertainty, shall decide, in a precautionary manner, whether to list the chemical, and specify its related control measures, in Annexes A, B and/or C.
Article 9
Information exchange
1. Each Party shall facilitate or undertake the exchange of information relevant to:
(a) The reduction or elimination of the production, use and release of persistent organic pollutants; and
(b) Alternatives to persistent organic pollutants, including information relating to their risks as well as to their economic and social costs.
2. The Parties shall exchange the information referred to in paragraph 1 directly or through the Secretariat.
3. Each Party shall designate a national focal point for the exchange of such information.
4. The Secretariat shall serve as a clearing-house mechanism for information on persistent organic pollutants, including information provided by Parties, intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations.
5. For the purposes of this Convention, information on health and safety of humans and the environment shall not be regarded as confidential. Parties that exchange other information pursuant to this Convention shall protect any confidential information as mutually agreed.
Article 10
Public information, awareness and education
1. Each Party shall, within its capabilities, promote and facilitate:
(a) Awareness among its policy and decision makers with regard to persistent organic pollutants;
(b) Provision to the public of all available information on persistent organic pollutants, taking into account paragraph 5 of Article 9;
(c) Development and implementation, especially for women, children and the least educated, of educational and public awareness programmes on persistent organic pollutants, as well as on their health and environmental effects and on their alternatives;
(d) Public participation in addressing persistent organic pollutants and their health and environmental effects and in developing adequate responses, including opportunities for providing input at the national level regarding implementation of this Convention;
(e) Training of workers, scientists, educators and technical and managerial personnel;
(f) Development and exchange of educational and public awareness materials at the national and international levels; and
(g) Development and implementation of education and training programmes at the national and international levels.
2. Each Party shall, within its capabilities, ensure that the public has access to the public information referred to in paragraph 1 and that the information is kept up-to-date.
3. Each Party shall, within its capabilities, encourage industry and professional users to promote and facilitate the provision of the information referred to in paragraph 1 at the national level and, as appropriate, subregional, regional and global levels.
4. In providing information on persistent organic pollutants and their alternatives, Parties may use safety data sheets, reports, mass media and other means of communication, and may establish information centres at national and regional levels.
5. Each Party shall give sympathetic consideration to developing mechanisms, such as pollutant release and transfer registers, for the collection and dissemination of information on estimates of the annual quantities of the chemicals listed in Annex A, B or C that are released or disposed of.
Article 11
Research, development and monitoring
1. The Parties shall, within their capabilities, at the national and international levels, encourage and/or undertake appropriate research, development, monitoring and cooperation pertaining to persistent organic pollutants and, where relevant, to their alternatives and to candidate persistent organic pollutants, including on their:
(a) Sources and releases into the environment;
(b) Presence, levels and trends in humans and the environment;
(c) Environmental transport, fate and transformation;
(d) Effects on human health and the environment;
(e) Socio-economic and cultural impacts;
(f) Release reduction and/or elimination; and
(g) Harmonized methodologies for making inventories of generating sources and analytical techniques for the measurement of releases.
2. In undertaking action under paragraph 1, the Parties shall, within their capabilities:
(a) Support and further develop, as appropriate, international programmes, networks and organizations aimed at defining, conducting, assessing and financing research, data collection and monitoring, taking into account the need to minimize duplication of effort;
(b) Support national and international efforts to strengthen national scientific and technical research capabilities, particularly in developing countries and countries with economies in transition, and to promote access to, and the exchange of, data and analyses;
(c) Take into account the concerns and needs, particularly in the field of financial and technical resources, of developing countries and countries with economies in transition and cooperate in improving their capability to participate in the efforts referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b);
(d) Undertake research work geared towards alleviating the effects of persistent organic pollutants on reproductive health;
(e) Make the results of their research, development and monitoring activities referred to in this paragraph accessible to the public on a timely and regular basis; and
(f) Encourage and/or undertake cooperation with regard to storage and maintenance of information generated from research, development and monitoring.
Article 12
Technical assistance
1. The Parties recognize that rendering of timely and appropriate technical assistance in response to requests from developing country Parties and Parties with economies in transition is essential to the successful implementation of this Convention.
2. The Parties shall cooperate to provide timely and appropriate technical assistance to developing country Parties and Parties with economies in transition, to assist them, taking into account their particular needs, to develop and strengthen their capacity to implement their obligations under this Convention.
3. In this regard, technical assistance to be provided by developed country Parties, and other Parties in accordance with their capabilities, shall include, as appropriate and as mutually agreed, technical assistance for capacity-building relating to implementation of the obligations under this Convention. Further guidance in this regard shall be provided by the Conference of the Parties.
4. The Parties shall establish, as appropriate, arrangements for the purpose of providing technical assistance and promoting the transfer of technology to developing country Parties and Parties with economies in transition relating to the implementation of this Convention. These arrangements shall include regional and subregional centres for capacity-building and transfer of technology to assist developing country Parties and Parties with economies in transition to fulfil their obligations under this Convention. Further guidance in this regard shall be provided by the Conference of the Parties.
5. The Parties shall, in the context of this Article, take full account of the specific needs and special situation of least developed countries and small island developing states in their actions with regard to technical assistance.
Article 13
Financial resources and mechanisms
1. Each Party undertakes to provide, within its capabilities, financial support and incentives in respect of those national activities that are intended to achieve the objective of this Convention in accordance with its national plans, priorities and programmes.
2. The developed country Parties shall provide new and additional financial resources to enable developing country Parties and Parties with economies in transition to meet the agreed full incremental costs of implementing measures which fulfill their obligations under this Convention as agreed between a recipient Party and an entity participating in the mechanism described in paragraph 6. Other Parties may also on a voluntary basis and in accordance with their capabilities provide such financial resources. Contributions from other sources should also be encouraged. The implementation of these commitments shall take into account the need for adequacy, predictability, the timely flow of funds and the importance of burden sharing among the contributing Parties.
3. Developed country Parties, and other Parties in accordance with their capabilities and in accordance with their national plans, priorities and programmes, may also provide and developing country Parties and Parties with economies in transition avail themselves of financial resources to assist in their implementation of this Convention through other bilateral, regional and multilateral sources or channels.
4. The extent to which the developing country Parties will effectively implement their commitments under this Convention will depend on the effective implementation by developed country Parties of their commitments under this Convention relating to financial resources, technical assistance and technology transfer. The fact that sustainable economic and social development and eradication of poverty are the first and overriding priorities of the developing country Parties will be taken fully into account, giving due consideration to the need for the protection of human health and the environment.
5. The Parties shall take full account of the specific needs and special situation of the least developed countries and the small island developing states in their actions with regard to funding.
6. A mechanism for the provision of adequate and sustainable financial resources to developing country Parties and Parties with economies in transition on a grant or concessional basis to assist in their implementation of the Convention is hereby defined. The mechanism shall function under the authority, as appropriate, and guidance of, and be accountable to the Conference of the Parties for the purposes of this Convention. Its operation shall be entrusted to one or more entities, including existing international entities, as may be decided upon by the Conference of the Parties. The mechanism may also include other entities providing multilateral, regional and bilateral financial and technical assistance. Contributions to the mechanism shall be additional to other financial transfers to developing country Parties and Parties with economies in transition as reflected in, and in accordance with, paragraph 2.
7. Pursuant to the objectives of this Convention and paragraph 6, the Conference of the Parties shall at its first meeting adopt appropriate guidance to be provided to the mechanism and shall agree with the entity or entities participating in the financial mechanism upon arrangements to give effect thereto. The guidance shall address, inter alia:
(a) The determination of the policy, strategy and programme priorities, as well as clear and detailed criteria and guidelines regarding eligibility for access to and utilization of financial resources including monitoring and evaluation on a regular basis of such utilization;
(b) The provision by the entity or entities of regular reports to the Conference of the Parties on adequacy and sustainability of funding for activities relevant to the implementation of this Convention;
(c) The promotion of multiple-source funding approaches, mechanisms and arrangements;
(d)The modalities for the determination in a predictable and identifiable manner of the amount of funding necessary and available for the implementation of this Convention, keeping in mind that the phasing out of persistent organic pollutants might require sustained funding, and the conditions under which that amount shall be periodically reviewed; and
(e) The modalities for the provision to interested Parties of assistance with needs assessment, information on available sources of funds and on funding patterns in order to facilitate coordination among them.
8. The Conference of the Parties shall review, not later than its second meeting and thereafter on a regular basis, the effectiveness of the mechanism established under this Article, its ability to address the changing needs of the developing country Parties and Parties with economies in transition, the criteria and guidance referred to in paragraph 7, the level of funding as well as the effectiveness of the performance of the institutional entities entrusted to operate the financial mechanism. It shall, based on such review, take appropriate action, if necessary, to improve the effectiveness of the mechanism, including by means of recommendations and guidance on measures to ensure adequate and sustainable funding to meet the needs of the Parties.
Article 14
Interim financial arrangements
The institutional structure of the Global Environment Facility, operated in accordance with the Instrument for the Establishment of the Restructured Global Environment Facility, shall, on an interim basis, be the principal entity entrusted with the operations of the financial mechanism referred to in Article 13, for the period between the date of entry into force of this Convention and the first meeting of the Conference of the Parties, or until such time as the Conference of the Parties decides which institutional structure will be designated in accordance with Article 13. The institutional structure of the Global Environment Facility should fulfill this function through operational measures related specifically to persistent organic pollutants taking into account that new arrangements for this area may be needed.
Article 15
Reporting
1. Each Party shall report to the Conference of the Parties on the measures it has taken to implement the provisions of this Convention and on the effectiveness of such measures in meeting the objectives of the Convention.
2. Each Party shall provide to the Secretariat:
(a) Statistical data on its total quantities of production, import and export of each of the chemicals listed in Annex A and Annex B or a reasonable estimate of such data; and
(b) To the extent practicable, a list of the States from which it has imported each such substance and the States to which it has exported each such substance.
3. Such reporting shall be at periodic intervals and in a format to be decided by the Conference of the Parties at its first meeting.
Article 16
Effectiveness evaluation.
1. Commencing four years after the date of entry into force of this Convention, and periodically thereafter at intervals to be decided by the Conference of the Parties, the Conference shall evaluate the effectiveness of this Convention.
2. In order to facilitate such evaluation, the Conference of the Parties shall, at its first meeting, initiate the establishment of arrangements to provide itself with comparable monitoring data on the presence of the chemicals listed in Annexes A, B and C as well as their regional and global environmental transport. These arrangements:
(a) Should be implemented by the Parties on a regional basis when appropriate, in accordance with their technical and financial capabilities, using existing monitoring programmes and mechanisms to the extent possible and promoting harmonization of approaches;
(b) May be supplemented where necessary, taking into account the differences between regions and their capabilities to implement monitoring activities; and
(c) Shall include reports to the Conference of the Parties on the results of the monitoring activities on a regional and global basis at intervals to be specified by the Conference of the Parties.
3. The evaluation described in paragraph 1 shall be conducted on the basis of available scientific, environmental, technical and economic information, including:
(a) Reports and other monitoring information provided pursuant to paragraph 2;
(b) National reports submitted pursuant to Article 15; and
(c) Non-compliance information provided pursuant to the procedures established under Article 17.
Article 17
Non-compliance
The Conference of the Parties shall, as soon as practicable, develop and approve procedures and institutional mechanisms for determining non-compliance with the provisions of this Convention and for the treatment of Parties found to be in non-compliance.
Article 18
Settlement of disputes
1. Parties shall settle any dispute between them concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention through negotiation or other peaceful means of their own choice.
2. When ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to the Convention, or at any time thereafter, a Party that is not a regional economic integration organization may declare in a written instrument submitted to the depositary that, with respect to any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention, it recognizes one or both of the following means of dispute settlement as compulsory in relation to any Party accepting the same obligation:
(a) Arbitration in accordance with procedures to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties in an annex as soon as practicable;
(b) Submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice.
3. A Party that is a regional economic integration organization may make a declaration with like effect in relation to arbitration in accordance with the procedure referred to in paragraph 2 (a).
4. A declaration made pursuant to paragraph 2 or paragraph 3 shall remain in force until it expires in accordance with its terms or until three months after written notice of its revocation has been deposited with the depositary.
5. The expiry of a declaration, a notice of revocation or a new declaration shall not in any way affect proceedings pending before an arbitral tribunal or the International Court of Justice unless the parties to the dispute otherwise agree.
6. If the parties to a dispute have not accepted the same or any procedure pursuant to paragraph 2, and if they have not been able to settle their dispute within twelve months following notification by one party to another that a dispute exists between them, the dispute shall be submitted to a conciliation commission at the request of any party to the dispute. The conciliation commission shall render a report with recommendations. Additional procedures relating to the conciliation commission shall be included in an annex to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties no later than at its second meeting.
Article 19
Conference of the Parties
1. A Conference of the Parties is hereby established.
2. The first meeting of the Conference of the Parties shall be convened by the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme no later than one year after the entry into force of this Convention. Thereafter, ordinary meetings of the Conference of the Parties shall be held at regular intervals to be decided by the Conference.
3. Extraordinary meetings of the Conference of the Parties shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference, or at the written request of any Party provided that it is supported by at least one third of the Parties.
4. The Conference of the Parties shall by consensus agree upon and adopt at its first meeting rules of procedure and financial rules for itself and any subsidiary bodies, as well as financial provisions governing the functioning of the Secretariat.
5. The Conference of the Parties shall keep under continuous review and evaluation the implementation of this Convention. It shall perform the functions assigned to it by the Convention and, to this end, shall:
(a) Establish, further to the requirements of paragraph 6, such subsidiary bodies as it considers necessary for the implementation of the Convention;
(b) Cooperate, where appropriate, with competent international organizations and intergovernmental and non-governmental bodies; and
(c) Regularly review all information made available to the Parties pursuant to Article 15, including consideration of the effectiveness of paragraph 2 (b) (iii) of Article 3;
(d) Consider and undertake any additional action that may be required for the achievement of the objectives of the Convention.
6. The Conference of the Parties shall, at its first meeting, establish a subsidiary body to be called the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee for the purposes of performing the functions assigned to that Committee by this Convention. In this regard:
(a) The members of the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee shall be appointed by the Conference of the Parties. Membership of the Committee shall consist of government-designated experts in chemical assessment or management. The members of the Committee shall be appointed on the basis of equitable geographical distribution;
(b) The Conference of the Parties shall decide on the terms of reference, organization and operation of the Committee; and
(c) The Committee shall make every effort to adopt its recommendations by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no consensus reached, such recommendation shall as a last resort be adopted by a two-thirds majority vote of the members present and voting.
7. The Conference of the Parties shall, at its third meeting, evaluate the continued need for the procedure contained in paragraph 2 (b) of Article 3, including consideration of its effectiveness.
8. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as any State not Party to this Convention, may be represented at meetings of the Conference of the Parties as observers. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, qualified in matters covered by the Convention, and which has informed the Secretariat of its wish to be represented at a meeting of the Conference of the Parties as an observer may be admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. The admission and participation of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure adopted by the Conference of the Parties.
Article 20
Secretariat
1. A Secretariat is hereby established.
2. The functions of the Secretariat shall be:
(a) To make arrangements for meetings of the Conference of the Parties and its subsidiary bodies and to provide them with services as required;
(b) To facilitate assistance to the Parties, particularly developing country Parties and Parties with economies in transition, on request, in the implementation of this Convention;
(c) To ensure the necessary coordination with the secretariats of other relevant international bodies;
(d) To prepare and make available to the Parties periodic reports based on information received pursuant to Article 15 and other available information;
(e) To enter, under the overall guidance of the Conference of the Parties, into such administrative and contractual arrangements as may be required for the effective discharge of its functions; and
(f) To perform the other secretariat functions specified in this Convention and such other functions as may be determined by the Conference of the Parties.
3. The secretariat functions for this Convention shall be performed by the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme, unless the Conference of the Parties decides, by a three-fourths majority of the Parties present and voting, to entrust the secretariat functions to one or more other international organizations.
Article 21
Amendments to the Convention
1. Amendments to this Convention may be proposed by any Party.
2. Amendments to this Convention shall be adopted at a meeting of the Conference of the Parties. The text of any proposed amendment shall be communicated to the Parties by the Secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The Secretariat shall also communicate proposed amendments to the signatories to this Convention and, for information, to the depositary.
3. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed amendment to this Convention by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting.
4. The amendment shall be communicated by the depositary to all Parties for ratification, acceptance or approval.
5. Ratification, acceptance or approval of an amendment shall be notified to the depositary in writing. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 shall enter into force for the Parties having accepted it on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval by at least three-fourths of the Parties. Thereafter, the amendment shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after the date on which that Party deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of the amendment.
Article 22
Adoption and amendment of annexes
1. Annexes to this Convention shall form an integral part thereof and, unless expressly provided otherwise, a reference to this Convention constitutes at the same time a reference to any annexes thereto.
2. Any additional annexes shall be restricted to procedural, scientific, technical or administrative matters.
3. The following procedure shall apply to the proposal, adoption and entry into force of additional annexes to this Convention:
(a) Additional annexes shall be proposed and adopted according to the procedure laid down in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of Article 21;
(b) Any Party that is unable to accept an additional annex shall so notify the depositary, in writing, within one year from the date of communication by the depositary of the adoption of the additional annex. The depositary shall without delay notify all Parties of any such notification received. A Party may at any time withdraw a previous notification of non-acceptance in respect of any additional annex, and the annex shall thereupon enter into force for that Party subject to subparagraph (c); and
(c) On the expiry of one year from the date of the communication by the depositary of the adoption of an additional annex, the annex shall enter into force for all Parties that have not submitted a notification in accordance with the provisions of subparagraph (b).
4. The proposal, adoption and entry into force of amendments to Annex A, B or C shall be subject to the same procedures as for the proposal, adoption and entry into force of additional annexes to this Convention, except that an amendment to Annex A, B or C shall not enter into force with respect to any Party that has made a declaration with respect to amendment to those Annexes in accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 25, in which case any such amendment shall enter into force for such a Party on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit with the depositary of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with respect to such amendment.
5. The following procedure shall apply to the proposal, adoption and entry into force of an amendment to Annex D, E or F:
(a) Amendments shall be proposed according to the procedure in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 21;
(b) The Parties shall take decisions on an amendment to Annex D, E or F by consensus; and
(c) A decision to amend Annex D, E or F shall forthwith be communicated to the Parties by the depositary. The amendment shall enter into force for all Parties on a date to be specified in the decision.
6. If an additional annex or an amendment to an annex is related to an amendment to this Convention, the additional annex or amendment shall not enter into force until such time as the amendment to the Convention enters into force.
Article 23
Right to vote
1. Each Party to this Convention shall have one vote, except as provided for in paragraph 2.
2. A regional economic integration organization, on matters within its competence, shall exercise its right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of its member States that are Parties to this Convention. Such an organization shall not exercise its right to vote if any of its member States exercises its right to vote, and vice versa.
Article 24
Signature
This Convention shall be open for signature at Stockholm by all States and regional economic integration organizations on 23 May 2001, and at the United Nations Headquarters in New York from 24 May 2001 to 22 May 2002.
Article 25
Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
1. This Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and by regional economic integration organizations. It shall be open for accession by States and by regional economic integration organizations from the day after the date on which the Convention is closed for signature. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the depositary.
2. Any regional economic integration organization that becomes a Party to this Convention without any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under the Convention. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose member States is a Party to this Convention, the organization and its member States shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under the Convention. In such cases, the organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under the Convention concurrently.
3. In its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, a regional economic integration organization shall declare the extent of its competence in respect of the matters governed by this Convention. Any such organization shall also inform the depositary, who shall in turn inform the Parties, of any relevant modification in the extent of its competence.
4. In its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, any Party may declare that, with respect to it, any amendment to Annex A, B or C shall enter into force only upon the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with respect thereto.
Article 26
Entry into force
1. This Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the fiftieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
2. For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or approves this Convention or accedes thereto after the deposit of the fiftieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit by such State or regional economic integration organization of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
3. For the purpose of paragraphs 1 and 2, any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by member States of that organization.
Article 27
Reservations
No reservations may be made to this Convention.
Article 28
Withdrawal
1. At any time after three years from the date on which this Convention has entered into force for a Party, that Party may withdraw from the Convention by giving written notification to the depositary.
2. Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon the expiry of one year from the date of receipt by the depositary of the notification of withdrawal, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of withdrawal.
Article 29
Depositary
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the depositary of this Convention.
Article 30
Authentic texts
The original of this Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this Convention.
Done at Stockholm on this twenty-second day of May, two thousand and one.
Annex A
ELIMINATION
Part I
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical Activity Specific exemption
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aldrin* Production None
CAS No: 309-00-2 Use Local ectoparasiticide
Insecticide
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chlordane* Production As allowed for the Parties
listed in the Register
CAS No: 57-74-9 Use Local ectoparasiticide
Insecticide
Termiticide
Termiticide in buildings and
dams
Termiticide in roads
Additive in plywood adhesives
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dieldrin* Production None
CAS No: 60-57-1 Use In agricultural operations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Endrin* Production None
CAS No: 72-20-8 Use None
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Heptachlor* Production None
CAS No: 76-44-8 Use Termiticide
Termiticide in structures of
houses
Termiticide (subterranean)
Wood treatment
In use in underground cable
boxes
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hexachlorobenzene Production As allowed for the Parties
listed in the Register
CAS No: 118-74-1 Use Intermediate
Solvent in pesticide
Closed system site limited
intermediate
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mirex* Production As allowed for the Parties
listed in the Register
CAS No: 2385-85-5 Use Termiticide
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Toxaphene* Production None
CAS No: 8001-35-2 Use None
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Polychlorinated Biphenyls Production None
(PCB)* Use Articles in use in accordance
with the provisions of Part II
of this Annex
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
(i) Except as otherwise specified in this Convention, quantities of a chemical occurring as unintentional trace contaminants in products and articles shall not be considered to be listed in this Annex;
(ii) This note shall not be considered as a production and use specific exemption for purposes of paragraph 2 of Article 3. Quantities of a chemical occurring as constituents of articles manufactured or already in use before or on the date of entry into force of the relevant obligation with respect to that chemical, shall not be considered as listed in this Annex, provided that a Party has notified the Secretariat that a particular type of article remains in use within that Party. The Secretariat shall make such notifications publicly available;
(iii) This note, which does not apply to a chemical that has an asterisk following its name in the Chemical column in Part I of this Annex, shall not be considered as a production and use specific exemption for purposes of paragraph 2 of Article 3. Given that no significant quantities of the chemical are expected to reach humans and the environment during the production and use of a closed-system site-limited intermediate, a Party, upon notification to the Secretariat, may allow the production and use of quantities of a chemical listed in this Annex as a closed-system site-limited intermediate that is chemically transformed in the manufacture of other chemicals that, taking into consideration the criteria in paragraph 1 of Annex D, do not exhibit the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants. This notification shall include information on total production and use of such chemical or a reasonable estimate of such information and information regarding the nature of the closed-system site-limited process including the amount of any non-transformed and unintentional trace contamination of the persistent organic pollutant-starting material in the final product. This procedure applies except as otherwise specified in this Annex. The Secretariat shall make such notifications available to the Conference of the Parties and to the public. Such production or use shall not be considered a production or use specific exemption. Such production and use shall cease after a ten-year period, unless the Party concerned submits a new notification to the Secretariat, in which case the period will be extended for an additional ten years unless the Conference of the Parties, after a review of the production and use decides otherwise. The notification procedure can be repeated;
(iv) All the specific exemptions in this Annex may be exercised by Parties that have registered exemptions in respect of them in accordance with Article 4 with the exception of the use of polychlorinated biphenyls in articles in use in accordance with the provisions of Part II of this Annex, which may be exercised by all Parties.
Part II
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Each Party shall:
(a)With regard to the elimination of the use of polychlorinated biphenyls in equipment (e.g. transformers, capacitors or other receptacles containing liquid stocks) by 2025, subject to review by the Conference of the Parties, take action in accordance with the following priorities:
(i) Make determined efforts to identify, label and remove from use equipment containing greater than 10 per cent polychlorinated biphenyls and volumes greater than 5 litres;
(ii) Make determined efforts to identify, label and remove from use equipment containing greater than 0.05 per cent polychlorinated biphenyls and volumes greater than 5 litres;
(iii) Endeavour to identify and remove from use equipment containing greater than 0.005 percent polychlorinated biphenyls and volumes greater than 0.05 litres;
(b) Consistent with the priorities in subparagraph (a), promote the following measures to reduce exposures and risk to control the use of polychlorinated biphenyls:
(i) Use only in intact and non-leaking equipment and only in areas where the risk from environmental release can be minimised and quickly remedied;
(ii) Not use in equipment in areas associated with the production or processing of food or feed;
(iii) When used in populated areas, including schools and hospitals, all reasonable measures to protect from electrical failure which could result in a fire, and regular inspection of equipment for leaks;
(c) Notwithstanding paragraph 2 of Article 3, ensure that equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls, as described in subparagraph (a), shall not be exported or imported except for the purpose of environmentally sound waste management;
(d) Except for maintenance and servicing operations, not allow recovery for the purpose of reuse in other equipment of liquids with polychlorinated biphenyls content above 0.005 per cent;
(e) Make determined efforts designed to lead to environmentally sound waste management of liquids containing polychlorinated biphenyls and equipment contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls having a polychlorinated biphenyls content above 0.005 per cent, in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 6, as soon as possible but no later than 2028, subject to review by the Conference of the Parties;
(f) In lieu of note (ii) in Part I of this Annex, endeavour to identify other articles containing more than 0.005 per cent polychlorinated biphenyls (e.g. cable-sheaths, cured caulk and painted objects) and manage them in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 6;
(g) Provide a report every five years on progress in eliminating polychlorinated biphenyls and submit it to the Conference of the Parties pursuant to Article 15;
(h) The reports described in subparagraph (g) shall, as appropriate, be considered by the Conference of the Parties in its reviews relating to polychlorinated biphenyls. The Conference of the Parties shall review progress towards elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls at five year intervals or other period, as appropriate, taking into account such reports.
Annex B
RESTRICTION
Part I
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical Activity Acceptable purpose
or specific exemption
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
DDT Production Acceptable purpose:
(1,1,1-trichloro-2, Disease vector control use
2-bis(4- in accordance with Part II of this
chlorophenyl)ethane) Annex
CAS No: 50-29-3 Specific exemption:
Intermediate in production of
dicofol
Intermediate
Use Acceptable purpose:
Disease vector control in
accordance with Part II of this Annex
Specific exemption:
Production of dicofol
Intermediate
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
(i) Except as otherwise specified in this Convention, quantities of a chemical occurring as unintentional trace contaminants in products and articles shall not be considered to be listed in this Annex;
(ii) This note shall not be considered as a production and use acceptable purpose or specific exemption for purposes of paragraph 2 of Article 3. Quantities of a chemical occurring as constituents of articles manufactured or already in use before or on the date of entry into force of the relevant obligation with respect to that chemical, shall not be considered as listed in this Annex, provided that a Party has notified the Secretariat that a particular type of article remains in use within that Party. The Secretariat shall make such notifications publicly available;
(iii) This note shall not be considered as a production and use specific exemption for purposes of paragraph 2 of Article 3. Given that no significant quantities of the chemical are expected to reach humans and the environment during the production and use of a closed-system site-limited intermediate, a Party, upon notification to the Secretariat, may allow the production and use of quantities of a chemical listed in this Annex as a closed-system site-limited intermediate that is chemically transformed in the manufacture of other chemicals that, taking into consideration the criteria in paragraph 1 of Annex D, do not exhibit the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants. This notification shall include information on total production and use of such chemical or a reasonable estimate of such information and information regarding the nature of the closed-system site-limited process including the amount of any non-transformed and unintentional trace contamination of the persistent organic pollutant-starting material in the final product. This procedure applies except as otherwise specified in this Annex. The Secretariat shall make such notifications available to the Conference of the Parties and to the public. Such production or use shall not be considered a production or use specific exemption. Such production and use shall cease after a ten-year period, unless the Party concerned submits a new notification to the Secretariat, in which case the period will be extended for an additional ten years unless the Conference of the Parties, after a review of the production and use decides otherwise. The notification procedure can be repeated;
(iv) All the specific exemptions in this Annex may be exercised by Parties that have registered in respect of them in accordance with Article 4.
Part II
DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane)
1. The production and use of DDT shall be eliminated except for Parties that have notified the Secretariat of their intention to produce and/or use it. A DDT Register is hereby established and shall be available to the public. The Secretariat shall maintain the DDT Register.
2. Each Party that produces and/or uses DDT shall restrict such production and/or use for disease vector control in accordance with the World Health Organization recommendations and guidelines on the use of DDT and when locally safe, effective and affordable alternatives are not available to the Party in question.
3. In the event that a Party not listed in the DDT Register determines that it requires DDT for disease vector control, it shall notify the Secretariat as soon as possible in order to have its name added forthwith to the DDT Register. It shall at the same time notify the World Health Organization.
4. Every three years, each Party that uses DDT shall provide to the Secretariat and the World Health Organization information on the amount used, the conditions of such use and its relevance to that Party’s disease management strategy, in a format to be decided by the Conference of the Parties in consultation with the World Health Organization.
5. With the goal of reducing and ultimately eliminating the use of DDT, the Conference of the Parties shall encourage:
(a) Each Party using DDT to develop and implement an action plan as part of the implementation plan specified in Article 7. That action plan shall include:
(i) Development of regulatory and other mechanisms to ensure that DDT use is restricted to disease vector control;
(ii) Implementation of suitable alternative products, methods and strategies, including resistance management strategies to ensure the continuing effectiveness of these alternatives;
(iii) Measures to strengthen health care and to reduce the incidence of the disease.
(b) The Parties, within their capabilities, to promote research and development of safe alternative chemical and non-chemical products, methods and strategies for Parties using DDT, relevant to the conditions of those countries and with the goal of decreasing the human and economic burden of disease. Factors to be promoted when considering alternatives or combinations of alternatives shall include the human health risks and environmental implications of such alternatives. Viable alternatives to DDT shall pose less risk to human health and the environment, be suitable for disease control based on conditions in the Parties in question and be supported with monitoring data.
6. Commencing at its first meeting, and at least every three years thereafter, the Conference of the Parties shall, in consultation with the World Health Organization, evaluate the continued need for DDT for disease vector control on the basis of available scientific, technical, environmental and economic information, including:
(a) The production and use of DDT and the conditions set out in paragraph 2;
(b) The availability, suitability and implementation of the alternatives to DDT; and
(c) Progress in strengthening the capacity of countries to transfer safely to reliance on such alternatives.
7. A Party may, at any time, withdraw its name from the DDT Registry upon written notification to the Secretariat. The withdrawal shall take effect on the date specified in the notification.
Annex C
UNINTENTIONAL PRODUCTION
Part I: Persistent organic pollutants subject to the requirements of Article 5
This Annex applies to the following persistent organic pollutants when formed and released unintentionally from anthropogenic sources:
Chemical
---------------------------------------------------------------
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF)
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (CAS No: 118-74-1)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)
---------------------------------------------------------------
Part II: Source categories
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, hexachlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyls are unintentionally formed and released from thermal processes involving organic matter and chlorine as a result of incomplete combustion or chemical reactions. The following industrial source categories have the potential for comparatively high formation and release of these chemicals to the environment:
(a) Waste incinerators, including co-incinerators of municipal, hazardous or medical waste or of sewage sludge;
(b) Cement kilns firing hazardous waste;
(c) Production of pulp using elemental chlorine or chemicals generating elemental chlorine for bleaching;
(d) The following thermal processes in the metallurgical industry:
(i) Secondary copper production;
(ii) Sinter plants in the iron and steel industry;
(iii) Secondary aluminium production;
(iv) Secondary zinc production.
Part III: Source categories
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, hexachlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyls may also be unintentionally formed and released from the following source categories, including:
(a) Open burning of waste, including burning of landfill sites;
(b) Thermal processes in the metallurgical industry not mentioned in Part II;
(c) Residential combustion sources;
(d) Fossil fuel-fired utility and industrial boilers;
(e) Firing installations for wood and other biomass fuels;
(f) Specific chemical production processes releasing unintentionally formed persistent organic pollutants, especially production of chlorophenols and chloranil;
(g) Crematoria;
(h) Motor vehicles, particularly those burning leaded gasoline;
(i) Destruction of animal carcasses;
(j) Textile and leather dyeing (with chloranil) and finishing (with alkaline extraction);
(k) Shredder plants for the treatment of end of life vehicles;
(l) Smouldering of copper cables;
(m) Waste oil refineries.
Part IV: Definitions
1. For the purposes of this Annex:
(a)"Polychlorinated biphenyls" means aromatic compounds formed in such a manner that the hydrogen atoms on the biphenyl molecule (two benzene rings bonded together by a single carbon-carbon bond) may be replaced by up to ten chlorine atoms; and
(b)“Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins” and “polychlorinated dibenzofurans” are tricyclic, aromatic compounds formed by two benzene rings connected by two oxygen atoms in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and by one oxygen atom and one carbon-carbon bond in polychlorinated dibenzofurans and the hydrogen atoms of which may be replaced by up to eight chlorine atoms.
2. In this Annex, the toxicity of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans is expressed using the concept of toxic equivalency which measures the relative dioxin-like toxic activity of different congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls in comparison to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. The toxic equivalent factor values to be used for the purposes of this Convention shall be consistent with accepted international standards, commencing with the World Health Organization 1998 mammalian toxic equivalent factor values for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls. Concentrations are expressed in toxic equivalents.
Part V: General guidance on best available techniques and best environmental practices
This Part provides general guidance to Parties on preventing or reducing releases of the chemicals listed in Part I.
A. General prevention measures relating to both best available techniques and best environmental practices
Priority should be given to the consideration of approaches to prevent the formation and release of the chemicals listed in Part I. Useful measures could include:
(a) The use of low-waste technology;
(b) The use of less hazardous substances;
(c) The promotion of the recovery and recycling of waste and of substances generated and used in a process;
(d) Replacement of feed materials which are persistent organic pollutants or where there is a direct link between the materials and releases of persistent organic pollutants from the source;
(e) Good housekeeping and preventive maintenance programmes;
(f) Improvements in waste management with the aim of the cessation of open and other uncontrolled burning of wastes, including the burning of landfill sites. When considering proposals to construct new waste disposal facilities, consideration should be given to alternatives such as activities to minimize the generation of municipal and medical waste, including resource recovery, reuse, recycling, waste separation and promoting products that generate less waste. Under this approach, public health concerns should be carefully considered;
(g) Minimization of these chemicals as contaminants in products;
(h) Avoiding elemental chlorine or chemicals generating elemental chlorine for bleaching.
B. Best available techniques
The concept of best available techniques is not aimed at the prescription of any specific technique or technology, but at taking into account the technical characteristics of the installation concerned, its geographical location and the local environmental conditions. Appropriate control techniques to reduce releases of the chemicals listed in Part I are in general the same. In determining best available techniques, special consideration should be given, generally or in specific cases, to the following factors, bearing in mind the likely costs and benefits of a measure and consideration of precaution and prevention:
(a) General considerations:
(i) The nature, effects and mass of the releases concerned: techniques may vary depending on source size;
(ii) The commissioning dates for new or existing installations;
(iii) The time needed to introduce the best available technique;
(iv) The consumption and nature of raw materials used in the process and its energy efficiency;
(v) The need to prevent or reduce to a minimum the overall impact of the releases to the environment and the risks to it;
(vi) The need to prevent accidents and to minimize their consequences for the environment;
(vii) The need to ensure occupational health and safety at workplaces;
(viii) Comparable processes, facilities or methods of operation which have been tried with success on an industrial scale;
(ix) Technological advances and changes in scientific knowledge and understanding.
(b) General release reduction measures: When considering proposals to construct new facilities or significantly modify existing facilities using processes that release chemicals listed in this Annex, priority consideration should be given to alternative processes, techniques or practices that have similar usefulness but which avoid the formation and release of such chemicals. In cases where such facilities will be constructed or significantly modified, in addition to the prevention measures outlined in section A of Part V the following reduction measures could also be considered in determining best available techniques:
(i) Use of improved methods for flue-gas cleaning such as thermal or catalytic oxidation, dust precipitation, or adsorption;
(ii) Treatment of residuals, wastewater, wastes and sewage sludge by, for example, thermal treatment or rendering them inert or chemical processes that detoxify them;
(iii) Process changes that lead to the reduction or elimination of releases, such as moving to closed systems;
(iv) Modification of process designs to improve combustion and prevent formation of the chemicals listed in this Annex, through the control of parameters such as incineration temperature or residence time.
C. Best environmental practices
The Conference of the Parties may develop guidance with regard to best environmental practices.
Annex D
INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS AND
SCREENING CRITERIA
1. A Party submitting a proposal to list a chemical in Annexes A, B and/or C shall identify the chemical in the manner described in subparagraph (a) and provide the information on the chemical, and its transformation products where relevant, relating to the screening criteria set out in subparagraphs (b) to (e):
(a) Chemical identity:
(i) Names, including trade name or names, commercial name or names and synonyms, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry number, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name; and
(ii) Structure, including specification of isomers, where applicable, and the structure of the chemical class;
(b) Persistence:
(i) Evidence that the half-life of the chemical in water is greater than two months, or that its half-life in soil is greater than six months, or that its half-life in sediment is greater than six months; or
(ii) Evidence that the chemical is otherwise sufficiently persistent to justify its consideration within the scope of this Convention;
(c) Bio-accumulation:
(i) Evidence that the bio-concentration factor or bio-accumulation factor in aquatic species for the chemical is greater than 5,000 or, in the absence of such data, that the log Kow is greater than 5;
(ii) Evidence that a chemical presents other reasons for concern, such as high bio-accumulation in other species, high toxicity or ecotoxicity; or
(iii) Monitoring data in biota indicating that the bio-accumulation potential of the chemical is sufficient to justify its consideration within the scope of this Convention;
(d) Potential for long-range environmental transport:
(i) Measured levels of the chemical in locations distant from the sources of its release that are of potential concern;
(ii) Monitoring data showing that long-range environmental transport of the chemical, with the potential for transfer to a receiving environment, may have occurred via air, water or migratory species; or
(iii) Environmental fate properties and/or model results that demonstrate that the chemical has a potential for long-range environmental transport through air, water or migratory species, with the potential for transfer to a receiving environment in locations distant from the sources of its release. For a chemical that migrates significantly through the air, its half-life in air should be greater than two days; and
(e) Adverse effects:
(i) Evidence of adverse effects to human health or to the environment that justifies consideration of the chemical within the scope of this Convention; or
(ii) Toxicity or ecotoxicity data that indicate the potential for damage to human health or to the environment.
2. The proposing Party shall provide a statement of the reasons for concern including, where possible, a comparison of toxicity or ecotoxicity data with detected or predicted levels of a chemical resulting or anticipated from its long-range environmental transport, and a short statement indicating the need for global control.
3. The proposing Party shall, to the extent possible and taking into account its capabilities, provide additional information to support the review of the proposal referred to in paragraph 6 of Article 8. In developing such a proposal, a Party may draw on technical expertise from any source.
Annex E
INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR THE RISK PROFILE
The purpose of the review is to evaluate whether the chemical is likely, as a result of its long-range environmental transport, to lead to significant adverse human health and/or environmental effects, such that global action is warranted. For this purpose, a risk profile shall be developed that further elaborates on, and evaluates, the information referred to in Annex D and includes, as far as possible, the following types of information:
(a) Sources, including as appropriate:
(i) Production data, including quantity and location;
(ii) Uses; and
(iii) Releases, such as discharges, losses and emissions;
(b) Hazard assessment for the endpoint or endpoints of concern, including a consideration of toxicological interactions involving multiple chemicals;
(c) Environmental fate, including data and information on the chemical and physical properties of a chemical as well as its persistence and how they are linked to its environmental transport, transfer within and between environmental compartments, degradation and transformation to other chemicals. A determination of the bio-concentration factor or bio-accumulation factor, based on measured values, shall be available, except when monitoring data are judged to meet this need;
(d) Monitoring data;
(e) Exposure in local areas and, in particular, as a result of long-range environmental transport, and including information regarding bio-availability;
(f) National and international risk evaluations, assessments or profiles and labelling information and hazard classifications, as available; and
(g) Status of the chemical under international conventions.
Annex F
INFORMATION ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
An evaluation should be undertaken regarding possible control measures for chemicals under consideration for inclusion in this Convention, encompassing the full range of options, including management and elimination. For this purpose, relevant information should be provided relating to socio-economic considerations associated with possible control measures to enable a decision to be taken by the Conference of the Parties. Such information should reflect due regard for the differing capabilities and conditions among the Parties and should include consideration of the following indicative list of items:
(a) Efficacy and efficiency of possible control measures in meeting risk reduction goals:
(i) Technical feasibility; and
(ii) Costs, including environmental and health costs;
(b) Alternatives (products and processes):
(i) Technical feasibility;
(ii) Costs, including environmental and health costs;
(iii) Efficacy;
(iv) Risk;
(v) Availability; and
(vi) Accessibility;
(c) Positive and/or negative impacts on society of implementing possible control measures:
(i) Health, including public, environmental and occupational health;
(ii) Agriculture, including aquaculture and forestry;
(iii) Biota (biodiversity);
(iv) Economic aspects;
(v) Movement towards sustainable development; and
(vi)Social costs;
(d) Waste and disposal implications (in particular, obsolete stocks of pesticides and clean-up of contaminated sites):
(i) Technical feasibility; and
(ii)Cost;
(e) Access to information and public education;
(f) Status of control and monitoring capacity; and
(g) Any national or regional control actions taken, including information on alternatives, and other relevant risk management information.
S T O C K H O L M S K A K O N V E N C I J A
O OBSTOJNIH ORGANSKIH ONESNAŽEVALIH
Pogodbenice te konvencije, ki
se zavedajo, da imajo obstojna organska onesnaževala toksične lastnosti, so težko razgradljiva, se koncentrirajo z bioakumulacijo in se prenašajo po zraku, po vodi in s selitvenimi vrstami čez mednarodne meje in se odlagajo daleč od kraja izpusta, kjer se akumulirajo v kopenskih in vodnih ekosistemih,
se zavedajo zdravstvenih težav, zlasti v državah v razvoju, ki so posledica lokalne izpostavljenosti obstojnim organskim onesnaževalom, in zlasti učinkov na ženske ter prek njih na prihodnje generacije,
priznavajo, da so zlasti ogroženi arktični ekosistemi in revne skupnosti zaradi biomagnifikacije obstojnih organskih onesnaževal in da je onesnaženje njihove tradicionalne hrane vprašanje javnega zdravja,
se zavedajo potrebe po globalnih ukrepih v zvezi z obstojnimi organskimi onesnaževali,
so pozorne na odločbo 19/13 C z dne 7. februarja 1997 upravnega sveta Programa Združenih narodov za okolje, po kateri naj bi vpeljali mednarodno akcijo za zaščito zdravja ljudi in okolja z ukrepi, s katerimi bi zmanjšali in/ali odpravili emisije in izpuste obstojnih organskih onesnaževal,
opozarjajo na ustrezne določbe pomembnih mednarodnih konvencij o okolju, zlasti Rotterdamske konvencije o postopku soglasja po predhodnem obveščanju za določene nevarne kemikalije in pesticide v mednarodni trgovini ter Baselske konvencije o nadzoru prehoda nevarnih odpadkov preko meja in njihovega odstranjevanja, vključno z regionalnimi sporazumi, sprejetimi v okviru 11. člena omenjene konvencije,
opozarjajo tudi na ustrezne določbe Deklaracije iz Ria o okolju in razvoju ter Agende 21,
priznavajo, da je podlaga za sodelovanje pogodbenic previdnost, ki je vključena v to konvencijo,
se zavedajo, da se ta konvencija in drugi mednarodni sporazumi s področja trgovine in okolja medsebojno dopolnjujejo,
potrjujejo, da imajo države v skladu z Ustanovno listino Združenih narodov in načeli mednarodnega prava suvereno pravico do izrabe lastnih virov v skladu s svojimi okoljskimi in razvojnimi politikami ter da morajo zagotavljati, da dejavnosti pod njihovo jurisdikcijo ali nadzorom ne škodijo okolju drugih držav ali območjem zunaj meja državne jurisdikcije,
upoštevajo okoliščine in posebne zahteve držav v razvoju, zlasti najmanj razvitih, in držav z gospodarstvi v prehodu, še posebej potrebo po krepitvi zmožnosti teh držav za ravnanje s kemikalijami, tudi s pomočjo prenosa tehnologije, zagotavljanjem finančne in strokovne pomoči in s spodbujanjem sodelovanja med pogodbenicami,
popolnoma upoštevajo akcijski program trajnostnega razvoja malih otoških držav v razvoju, sprejet na Barbadosu 6. maja 1994,
upoštevajo zmožnosti razvitih držav in držav v razvoju ter skupne, vendar diferencirane obveznosti držav, kot je določeno v 7. načelu Deklaracije iz Ria o okolju in razvoju,
priznavajo, da lahko zasebni sektor in nevladne organizacije pomembno prispevajo k zmanjšanju in/ali odpravi emisij in izpustov obstojnih organskih onesnaževal,
poudarjajo pomen dejstva, da proizvajalci obstojnih organskih onesnaževal prevzamejo odgovornost za zmanjšanje škodljivih učinkov, ki jih povzročajo njihovi proizvodi, in za zagotavljanje informacij o nevarnih lastnostih teh kemikalij uporabnikom, vladam in javnosti,
se zavedajo potrebe po izvajanju ukrepov za preprečevanje škodljivih učinkov, ki jih obstojna organska onesnaževala povzročajo v vseh fazah svojega obstoja,
ponovno potrjujejo 16. načelo Deklaracije iz Ria o okolju in razvoju, ki navaja, da si morajo organi oblasti v posameznih državah prizadevati za internacionalizacijo stroškov za varstvo okolja in za uporabo ekonomskih instrumentov, ob upoštevanju načela, naj onesnaževalec praviloma krije stroške onesnaževanja, in z upoštevanjem javnega interesa ter brez čezmernih posegov v mednarodno trgovino in vlaganja,
spodbujajo pogodbenice, ki nimajo ureditvenih in ocenjevalnih programov za pesticide in industrijske kemikalije, naj jih oblikujejo,
priznavajo pomen razvijanja in uporabe alternativnih procesov in kemikalij, ki bi bili sprejemljivi za okolje,
so odločene, da bodo varovale zdravje ljudi in okolje pred škodljivimi vplivi obstojnih organskih onesnaževal,
so se sporazumele o:
1. člen
Cilji
Zavedajoč se pomena previdnostnega pristopa, navedenega v 15. načelu Deklaracije iz Ria o okolju in razvoju, je cilj te konvencije zaščititi zdravje ljudi in okolje pred obstojnimi organskimi onesnaževali.
2. člen
Opredelitev pojmov
V tej konvenciji:
(a) "pogodbenica" pomeni državo ali organizacijo za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje, ki je privolila, da jo ta konvencija zavezuje, in za katero ta konvencija velja;
(b) "organizacija za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje" pomeni organizacijo, ki so jo ustanovile suverene države določene regije in na katero so njene države članice prenesle pristojnost za zadeve, ki jih ureja ta konvencija, ter jo v skladu z njenimi notranjimi postopki pravilno pooblastile, da to konvencijo podpiše, ratificira, sprejme, odobri ali k njej pristopi;
(c) "pogodbenice, ki so prisotne in glasujejo" pomenijo pogodbenice, ki so prisotne in glasujejo za ali proti.
3. člen
Ukrepi za zmanjšanje ali odpravo izpustov, ki nastajajo pri namerni proizvodnji in uporabi
1. Vsaka pogodbenica:
(a) prepove oziroma sprejme potrebne zakonske in upravne ukrepe za odpravo:
(i) lastne proizvodnje in uporabe kemikalij, uvrščenih v Prilogo A, za katere veljajo določbe te priloge, ter
(ii) svojega uvoza in izvoza kemikalij, uvrščenih v Prilogo A, v skladu z določbami drugega odstavka ter
(b) omeji proizvodnjo in uporabo kemikalij, uvrščenih v Prilogo B, v skladu z določbami te priloge.
2. Vsaka pogodbenica sprejme ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi:
(a) da se kemikalija, uvrščena v Prilogo A ali Prilogo B, uvaža le:
(i) za namene okolju primernega odstranjevanja, kot je določeno v pododstavku (d) prvega odstavka 6. člena, ali
(ii) za uporabo ali namen, ki je po Prilogi A ali Prilogi B dovoljen za to pogodbenico;
(b) da se ob upoštevanju ustreznih predpisov obstoječih mednarodnih listin o postopku soglasja po predhodnem obveščanju kemikalija, uvrščena v Prilogo A in za katero velja posebna izjema v zvezi s proizvodnjo ali uporabo, ali da se kemikalija, uvrščena v Prilogo B in za katero velja posebna izjema v zvezi s proizvodnjo ali uporabo ali sprejemljivim namenom, izvaža le:
(i) za namene okolju primernega odstranjevanja, kot je določeno v pododstavku (d) prvega odstavka 6. člena;
(ii) pogodbenici, ki ima dovoljenje za uporabo te kemikalije v skladu s Prilogo A ali Prilogo B, ali
(iii) državi, ki ni pogodbenica te konvencije, ki je pogodbenici, ki izvaža, dala letno potrdilo. V takem potrdilu se natančno navede načrtovana uporaba kemikalije ter vključi izjava, da se država uvoznica v zvezi s kemikalijo zavezuje, da:
(a) bo varovala zdravje ljudi in okolje s sprejetjem potrebnih ukrepov, s katerimi bi se čim bolj zmanjšali izpusti ali se preprečili;
(b) se bo ravnala v skladu z določbami prvega odstavka 6. člena in
(c) da se bo, kadar je to ustrezno, ravnala v skladu z določbami drugega odstavka II. dela Priloge B;
Letno potrdilo naj zajema tudi vso ustrezno dodatno dokumentacijo, kot so zakonodaja, ureditveni instrumenti ali upravne smernice ali strateške usmeritve. Država izvoznica mora predati letno potrdilo sekretariatu v šestdesetih dneh od prejema.
(c) da se kemikalija, uvrščena v Prilogo A, za katero posebne izjeme v zvezi s proizvodnjo in uporabo ne veljajo več za nobeno pogodbenico, ne izvaža iz pogodbenice, razen za namene okolju primernega odstranjevanja oziroma uničenja, kot je določeno v pododstavku (d) prvega odstavka 6. člena;
(d) po tem odstavku izraz "država, ki ni pogodbenica te konvencije" v zvezi z določeno kemikalijo zajema državo ali organizacijo za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje, ki ni privolila, da jo ta konvencija zavezuje v zvezi s tako kemikalijo.
3. Vsaka pogodbenica, ki ima enega ali več ureditvenih in ocenjevalnih programov za nove pesticide ali nove industrijske kemikalije, sprejme ukrepe za urejanje, katerih cilj je preprečevanje proizvodnje in uporabe novih pesticidov ali novih industrijskih kemikalij, ki imajo po merilih iz prvega odstavka Priloge D značilnosti obstojnih organskih onesnaževal.
4. Vsaka pogodbenica, ki ima enega ali več ureditvenih in ocenjevalnih programov za pesticide ali industrijske kemikalije, kadar je to ustrezno, v okviru teh programov upošteva merila iz prvega odstavka Priloge D pri ocenjevanju pesticidov in industrijskih kemikalij, ki se uporabljajo.
5. Če ni v tej konvenciji drugače določeno, se prvi in drugi odstavek ne uporabljata za tako količino kemikalije, kot se uporabi za laboratorijske raziskave ali kot referenčni standard.
6. Vsaka pogodbenica, za katero velja posebna izjema v skladu s Prilogo A ali posebna izjema ali sprejemljiv namen v skladu s Prilogo B, sprejme ustrezne ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi, da vsaka proizvodnja ali uporaba v skladu s tako izjemo ali namenom poteka tako, da se preprečita ali čim bolj zmanjšata izpostavljenost ljudi in izpust v okolje. Pri dovoljeni izjemni uporabi kemikalije ali sprejemljivem namenu, pri katerem pride do namernega izpusta v okolje pri normalnih pogojih uporabe, je izpust dovoljen le do najmanjše potrebne mere, in to ob upoštevanju vseh ustreznih standardov in smernic.
4. člen
Register posebnih izjem
1. Uvede se register, v katerem se navedejo pogodbenice, za katere veljajo posebne izjeme, navedene v Prilogi A ali Prilogi B. V registru se ne navedejo pogodbenice, ki uporabljajo določbe Priloge A ali Priloge B, ki jih smejo uporabljati vse pogodbenice. Register, ki ga vodi Sekretariat, je na voljo javnosti.
2. V register so vključeni:
(a) seznam izjemnih uporab in namenov obstojnih organskih onesnaževal iz Priloge A in Priloge B;
(b) seznam pogodbenic, za katere velja posebna izjema po Prilogi A ali Prilogi B, in
(c) seznam z datumi prenehanja veljavnosti za vsako registrirano posebno izjemo.
3. Vsaka država, ki postane pogodbenica, lahko s pisnim uradnim obvestilom Sekretariatu zaprosi za registracijo ene ali več vrst posebnih izjem, ki so navedene v Prilogi A ali Prilogi B.
4. Če pogodbenica v registru ni navedla zgodnejšega datuma ali če ni odobreno podaljšanje veljavnosti posebne izjeme v skladu s sedmim odstavkom, veljavnost vseh registriranih posebnih izjem preneha pet let po začetku veljavnosti te konvencije za določeno kemikalijo.
5. Na svojem prvem zasedanju Konferenca pogodbenic določi, kakšen bo postopek za pregled vpisov v register.
6. Pred pregledom vpisov v register pogodbenica predloži poročilo Sekretariatu, v katerem upraviči potrebo po tem, da izjema še naprej ostane registrirana. Sekretariat pošlje tako poročilo vsem pogodbenicam. Pregled vpisa se opravi na podlagi vseh razpoložljivih podatkov. Potem lahko Konferenca pogodbenic omenjeni pogodbenici da taka priporočila, kot se ji zdijo ustrezna.
7. Konferenca pogodbenic lahko na zahtevo prizadete pogodbenice odloči, da bo podaljšala rok veljavnosti posebne izjeme za dobo do pet let. Pri odločanju Konferenca pogodbenic upošteva posebne okoliščine držav pogodbenic v razvoju in držav pogodbenic z gospodarstvi v prehodu.
8. Pogodbenica lahko kadar koli prekliče vpis posebne izjeme v registru, če o tem pisno obvesti Sekretariat. Preklic začne veljati na dan, določen v uradnem obvestilu.
9. Ko za določeno vrsto posebne izjeme ni registrirana nobena država več, ni mogoče zahtevati novih registracij za to izjemo.
5. člen
Ukrepi za zmanjšanje ali odpravo izpustov iz nenamerne proizvodnje
Vsaka pogodbenica mora sprejeti vsaj naslednje ukrepe za zmanjšanje celotnih izpustov iz antropogenih virov za vsako od kemikalij, uvrščeno v Prilogo C, da bi se čim bolj zmanjšali celotni izpusti in se, kadar je to mogoče, dokončno odpravili:
(a) v dveh letih od začetka veljavnosti te konvencije za to pogodbenico oblikovati akcijski načrt, ali če je to ustrezno, regionalni ali podregionalni akcijski načrt in ga pozneje izvajati kot del svojega načrta za izvajanje, opisanega v 7. členu, oblikovanega za ugotovitev, označitev in obravnavo izpusta kemikalij, uvrščenih v Prilogo C, ter za lažje izvajanje pododstavkov (b) do (e). Akcijski načrt mora vsebovati vsaj naslednje ukrepe:
(i) oceno sedanjih in načrtovanih izpustov, vključno z uvedbo in vodenjem popisov virov onesnaževalcev in ocen velikosti izpustov, ob upoštevanju kategorij virov, določenih v Prilogi C;
(ii) oceno učinkovitosti zakonov in politik pogodbenice, ki obravnavajo upravljanje izpustov;
(iii) strategije za izpolnjevanje obveznosti iz tega odstavka ob upoštevanju ocen iz točk (i) in (ii);
(iv) ukrepe za spodbujanje izobraževanja in usposabljanja v zvezi s takimi strategijami ter ukrepe za ozaveščanje o strategijah;
(v) vsakih pet let revizijo strategij in njihove uspešnosti pri izpolnjevanju obveznosti iz tega odstavka; te revizije se vključijo v poročila, ki se predložijo v skladu s 15. členom;
(vi) časovni razpored izvajanja akcijskega načrta, vključno s strategijami in ukrepi, določenimi v akcijskem načrtu;
(b) spodbujati uporabo razpoložljivih, izvedljivih in praktičnih ukrepov, s katerimi se lahko hitro doseže realna in velika stopnja zmanjšanja izpustov ali odprava virov onesnaževalcev;
(c) spodbujati razvoj, in če pogodbenica meni, da je to ustrezno, zahtevati uporabo nadomestnih ali spremenjenih materialov, proizvodov in procesov, s katerimi se preprečujeta nastajanje in izpust kemikalij, uvrščenih v Prilogo C, ob upoštevanju splošnih navodil o ukrepih za preprečevanje in zmanjšanje izpustov iz Priloge C ter smernic, ki jih sprejme Konferenca pogodbenic;
(d) spodbujati in v skladu s časovnim razporedom izvajanja akcijskega načrta zahtevati uporabo najboljših razpoložljivih tehnik v zvezi z novimi viri znotraj kategorij virov, za katere se po akcijskem načrtu zahtevajo taki ukrepi, ter s posebnim začetnim poudarkom na kategorijah virov, ki jih je pogodbenica označila v II. delu Priloge C. V vsakem primeru se začne takoj, ko je to izvedljivo, postopno zahtevati uporaba najboljših razpoložljivih tehnik v zvezi z novimi viri v kategorijah s seznama v II. delu Priloge C, vendar najpozneje v štirih letih po začetku veljavnosti konvencije za pogodbenico. Pogodbenice za kategorije, ki so jih označile, spodbujajo uporabo najboljših okoljskih praks. Pri uporabi najboljših razpoložljivih tehnik in najboljših okoljskih praks morajo pogodbenice upoštevati splošna navodila iz Priloge C o ukrepih za preprečevanje in zmanjšanje izpustov ter smernice o najboljših razpoložljivih tehnikah in najboljših okoljskih praksah, ki jih sprejme Konferenca pogodbenic;
(e) v skladu s svojim akcijskim načrtom spodbujati uporabo najboljših razpoložljivih tehnik in najboljših okoljskih praks:
(i) pri obstoječih virih: v okviru kategorij virov, navedenih v II. delu Priloge C, in v okviru kategorij virov, kot so tiste iz III. dela te priloge, ter
(ii) pri novih virih: v okviru kategorij, kot so tiste iz III. dela Priloge C, ki jih pogodbenica ni navedla v pododstavku (d);
Pri uporabi najboljših razpoložljivih tehnik in najboljših okoljskih praks morajo pogodbenice upoštevati splošna navodila iz Priloge C o ukrepih za preprečevanje in zmanjšanje izpustov ter smernice o najboljših razpoložljivih tehnikah in najboljših okoljskih praksah, ki jih sprejme Konferenca pogodbenic.
(f) v tem odstavku in v Prilogi C:
(i) "najboljše razpoložljive tehnike" pomenijo najučinkovitejšo in najnaprednejšo stopnjo v razvoju dejavnosti in njihovih metod delovanja, kar označuje praktično primernost določenih tehnik, da v načelu zagotavljajo podlago za omejitve izpustov, namenjene preprečevanju, in če to ni izvedljivo, splošnemu zmanjšanju izpustov kemikalij iz I. dela Priloge C in njihovega vpliva na okolje kot celoto. V zvezi s tem:
(ii) "tehnike" zajemajo uporabljeno tehnologijo in način projektiranja, gradnje, vzdrževanja, delovanja in razgradnje objekta;
(iii) "razpoložljive" tehnike pomenijo take tehnike, ki so na voljo operaterju in razvite v obsegu, ki dovoljuje uporabo v ustreznem industrijskem sektorju pod ekonomsko in tehnično sprejemljivimi pogoji, ob upoštevanju stroškov in prednosti ter
(iv) "najboljše" pomeni najučinkovitejše pri doseganju visoke splošne ravni varstva okolja kot celote;
(v) "najboljše okoljske prakse" pomenijo uporabo najustreznejše kombinacije okoljskih ukrepov in strategij za nadzor;
(vi) "nov vir" pomeni vsak vir, pri katerem se začne gradnja ali pomembnejša sprememba vsaj eno leto po:
a. začetku veljavnosti te konvencije za pogodbenico ali
b. začetku veljavnosti spremembe Priloge C, če za vir obstojnih organskih onesnaževal začnejo veljati določbe te konvencije le na podlagi take spremembe;
(g) pogodbenica lahko pri izpolnjevanju svojih obveznosti v zvezi z najboljšimi razpoložljivimi tehnikami po tem odstavku uporabi mejne vrednosti izpustov ali standarde oziroma normative funkcionalnosti.
6. člen
Ukrepi za zmanjšanje ali odpravo izpustov iz zalog in odpadkov
1. Da bi zagotovili, da se z zalogami, ki jih sestavljajo kemikalije ali ki vsebujejo kemikalije, uvrščene v Prilogo A ali Prilogo B, in z odpadki, vključno s proizvodi in predmeti, ki so tik pred tem, da bodo postali odpadki, in ki jih sestavljajo kemikalije ali ki vsebujejo kemikalije ali ki so onesnaženi s kemikalijami, uvrščenimi v Prilogo A, B ali C, ravna tako, da se zaščiti zdravje ljudi in okolje, mora vsaka pogodbenica:
(a) razviti ustrezne strategije za ugotavljanje:
(i) zalog, ki jih sestavljajo kemikalije ali vsebujejo kemikalije, uvrščene v Prilogo A ali Prilogo B, ter
(ii) proizvodov in predmetov, ki se uporabljajo, ter odpadkov, ki jih sestavljajo kemikalije ali vsebujejo kemikalije ali so onesnaženi s kemikalijami, uvrščeni v Prilogo A, B ali C;
(b) kolikor je to izvedljivo, ugotoviti zaloge, ki jih sestavljajo kemikalije ali vsebujejo kemikalije, uvrščene v Prilogo A ali Prilogo B, na podlagi strategij, omenjenih v pododstavku (a);
(c) ustrezno ravnati z zalogami na varen, učinkovit in za okolje primeren način. Zaloge kemikalij, uvrščenih v Prilogo A ali Prilogo B, se po tem, ko jih ni več dovoljeno uporabljati v skladu s posebno izjemo, navedeno v Prilogi A, ali v skladu s posebno izjemo ali sprejemljivim namenom, navedenim v Prilogi B, razen zalog, katerih izvoz je dovoljen po drugem odstavku 3. člena, štejejo kot odpadki in se z njimi ravna po določbah pododstavka (d);
(d) sprejeti ustrezne ukrepe za take odpadke, vključno s proizvodi in predmeti, ki so tik pred tem, da postanejo odpadki:
(i) da se z njimi rokuje ter da se zbirajo, prevažajo in skladiščijo na okolju primeren način;
(ii) da se odstranijo tako, da se vsebnost obstojnih organskih onesnaževal uniči ali ireverzibilno transformira, tako da ne izražajo lastnosti obstojnih organskih onesnaževal, ali da se odstranijo na kak drug okolju primeren način, če uničenje ali ireverzibilna transformacija ni za okolje najugodnejša možnost odstranitve ali če je vsebnost obstojnih organskih onesnaževal nizka, ob upoštevanju mednarodnih pravil, standardov in smernic, vključno s tistimi, ki se lahko oblikujejo v skladu z drugim odstavkom, ter ustreznih globalnih in regionalnih ureditev, ki urejajo ravnanje z nevarnimi odpadki;
(iii) da ni dovoljeno, da se vključijo v postopke odstranjevanja, pri katerih lahko pride do predelave, recikliranja, obnavljanja, neposredne ponovne uporabe ali alternativnih vrst uporabe obstojnih organskih onesnaževal, in
(iv) da se ne prevažajo čez mednarodne meje brez upoštevanja ustreznih mednarodnih pravil, standardov in smernic;
(e) prizadevati si za oblikovanje ustreznih strategij, s katerimi se ugotovijo lokacije, onesnažene s kemikalijami, uvrščenimi v Prilogo A, B ali C; če se pogodbenica loti izboljševanja stanja lokacije, mora biti to izvedeno na okolju primeren način.
2. Konferenca pogodbenic mora tesno sodelovati z ustreznimi telesi Baselske konvencije o nadzoru prehoda nevarnih odpadkov preko meja in njihovega odstranjevanja, da med drugim:
(a) določi stopnjo uničenja in ireverzibilne transformacije, ki je potrebna za zagotavljanje, da se lastnosti obstojnih organskih onesnaževal, kot so opredeljene v prvem odstavku Priloge D, ne izrazijo;
(b) opredeli metode, za katere meni, da spadajo v odstranjevanje na okolju primeren način, omenjen zgoraj, in
(c) opredeli, kot je to ustrezno, koncentracije kemikalij, uvrščenih v Priloge A, B in C, da se določi v točki (ii) pododstavka (d) prvega odstavka omenjena nizka vsebnost obstojnih organskih onesnaževal.
7. člen
Izvedbeni načrti
1. Vsaka pogodbenica:
(a) oblikuje načrt za izpolnjevanje svojih obveznosti po tej konvenciji in si prizadeva za njegovo uresničevanje;
(b) predloži svoj izvedbeni načrt za izvajanje Konferenci pogodbenic v dveh letih od datuma začetka veljavnosti konvencije za to pogodbenico, in
(c) kot je to ustrezno, pregleduje in posodablja svoj izvedbeni načrt za izvajanje v rednih časovnih presledkih in tako, kot je to opredeljeno v sklepu Konference pogodbenic.
2. Pogodbenice, kadar je to ustrezno, sodelujejo neposredno ali v globalnih, regionalnih in podregionalnih organizacijah ter se posvetujejo z interesnimi skupinami, vključno z ženskimi skupinami in skupinami, ki se ukvarjajo z zdravjem otrok, da se olajšajo in omogočijo oblikovanje, izvajanje in posodabljanje izvedbenih načrtov.
3. Pogodbenice si morajo prizadevati za uporabo in po potrebi za opredelitev načinov, s katerimi bi se državni izvedbeni načrti v zvezi z obstojnimi organskimi onesnaževali vključili v njihove strategije trajnostnega razvoja, če je to ustrezno.
8. člen
Uvrstitev kemikalij v Priloge A, B in C
1. Pogodbenica da predlog Sekretariatu za uvrstitev kemikalije v Prilogo A, B in/ali C. Predlog vsebuje informacije, opredeljene v Prilogi D. Pri oblikovanju predloga lahko pogodbenici pomagajo druge pogodbenice ali Sekretariat.
2. Sekretariat preveri, ali predlog vsebuje informacije, opredeljene v Prilogi D. Če Sekretariat odloči, da predlog vsebuje take informacije, ga preda Odboru za pregled obstojnih organskih onesnaževal.
3. Odbor prouči predlog ter prilagodljivo in pregledno uporabi v Prilogi D opisana merila za pregled kemikalij, ob tem pa celovito in uravnoteženo upošteva vse predložene informacije.
4. Če odbor odloči:
(a) da je zadoščeno merilom za pregled kemikalij, potem prek Sekretariata pošlje predlog in oceno odbora vsem pogodbenicam in opazovalkam ter jih povabi, naj predložijo informacije, opredeljene v Prilogi E, ali
(b) da merilom za pregled kemikalij ni zadoščeno, potem prek Sekretariata pošlje predlog in oceno odbora vsem pogodbenicam in opazovalkam, predlog pa zavrne.
5. Vsaka pogodbenica lahko odboru ponovno da predlog, ki ga je odbor zavrnil v skladu s četrtim odstavkom. V ponovnem predlogu lahko pogodbenica razloži svojo zaskrbljenost in razloge, zaradi katerih prosi za ponovno obravnavo pred odborom. Če po tem postopku odbor ponovno zavrne predlog, se lahko pogodbenica pritoži zoper odločitev odbora, o zadevi pa na svojem naslednjem zasedanju odloča Konferenca pogodbenic. Konferenca pogodbenic lahko na podlagi meril za pregled kemikalij iz Priloge D in ob upoštevanju ocene odbora ter na podlagi vseh dodatnih informacij, ki jih predloži pogodbenica ali katera od opazovalk, odloči, da gre predlog v nadaljnjo obravnavo.
6. Če je odbor odločil, da je zadoščeno merilom za pregled kemikalije, ali če je Konferenca pogodbenic odločila, da gre predlog v nadaljnjo obravnavo, odbor še naprej proučuje predlog ob upoštevanju vseh pomembnih dodatnih informacij in pripravi osnutek za opis tveganja v skladu s Prilogo E. Odbor prek Sekretariata pošlje osnutek vsem pogodbenicam in opazovalkam, zbere strokovne pripombe omenjenih in ob upoštevanju teh pripomb dopolni opis tveganja.
7. Če odbor na podlagi opisa tveganja, sestavljenega v skladu s Prilogo E, odloči:
(a) da je verjetno, da kemikalija zaradi svojega prenosa v okolju na velike razdalje tako škodi zdravju ljudi in/ali okolju, da je potrebno globalno delovanje, gre predlog v nadaljnjo obravnavo. Tudi če niso na voljo popolnoma gotove znanstvene ugotovitve, to ne more ustaviti predloga. Odbor prek Sekretariata zaprosi pogodbenice in opazovalke za informacije o vidikih, opredeljenih v Prilogi F. Odbor nato pripravi oceno obvladovanja tveganj, ki vključuje ukrepe za nadzor nad kemikalijo v skladu s to prilogo, ali
(b) da se predlog zavrne, prek Sekretariata pošlje opis tveganja vsem pogodbenicam in opazovalkam ter zavrne predlog.
8. Za vsak predlog, zavrnjen po pododstavku (b) sedmega odstavka, lahko pogodbenica zahteva, naj Konferenca pogodbenic prouči možnost, da zahteva, naj odbor od pogodbenice predlagateljice in od drugih pogodbenic zbere dodatne informacije v obdobju, ki ni daljše od enega leta. Po tem obdobju in na podlagi prejetih informacij odbor ponovno prouči predlog v skladu s šestim odstavkom in s prednostjo, ki jo določi Konferenca pogodbenic. Če odbor po tem postopku ponovno zavrne predlog, se lahko pogodbenica pritoži zoper odločitev odbora, zadevo pa obravnava Konferenca pogodbenic na svojem naslednjem zasedanju. Konferenca pogodbenic lahko na podlagi opisa tveganja, pripravljenega v skladu s Prilogo E, in ob upoštevanju ocene odbora ter vseh dodatnih informacij pogodbenic ali opazovalk odloči, da gre predlog v nadaljnjo obravnavo. Če Konferenca pogodbenic odloči, da gre predlog v nadaljnjo obravnavo, odbor pripravi oceno obvladovanja tveganj.
9. Odbor na podlagi opisa tveganja, omenjenega v šestem odstavku, in na podlagi ocene obvladovanja tveganj pododstavka (a) sedmega odstavka ali osmega odstavka priporoči, ali naj Konferenca pogodbenic obravnava kemikalijo zaradi uvrstitve v Priloge A, B in/ali C. Konferenca pogodbenic ob ustreznem upoštevanju priporočil odbora skupaj z upoštevanjem negotovosti v znanosti odloči, upoštevajoč pri tem previdnostno načelo, ali se kemikalija uvrsti v Priloge A, B in/ali C in ali se opredelijo ukrepi za nadzor nad to kemikalijo.
9. člen
Izmenjava informacij
1. Vsaka pogodbenica omogoča ali prevzame izmenjavo informacij, ki se nanašajo na:
(a) zmanjšanje ali odpravo proizvodnje, uporabo in izpust obstojnih organskih onesnaževal ter
(b) alternative obstojnim organskim onesnaževalom, vključno z informacijami o njihovi tveganosti ter gospodarskih in socialnih stroških.
2. Pogodbenice izmenjavajo informacije, omenjene v prvem odstavku, neposredno ali prek Sekretariata.
3. Vsaka pogodbenica imenuje nacionalno točko za stike, kjer poteka izmenjava informacij.
4. Sekretariat deluje kot mehanizem za posredovanje informacij o obstojnih organskih onesnaževalih, vključno z informacijami, ki jih pošljejo pogodbenice, medvladne organizacije in nevladne organizacije.
5. Za to konvencijo se informacije o zdravju in varnosti ljudi ter okolja ne štejejo za zaupne. Pogodbenice, ki si izmenjavajo informacije na podlagi te konvencije, varujejo vsako zaupno informacijo skladno z medsebojnim dogovorom.
10. člen
Obveščanje, ozaveščanje in izobraževanje javnosti
1. Pogodbenica po svojih zmožnostih spodbuja in omogoča:
(a) ozaveščanje tistih, ki sprejemajo politiko in odločitve v zvezi z obstojnimi organskimi onesnaževali;
(b) zagotavljanje vseh razpoložljivih informacij o obstojnih organskih onesnaževalih javnosti ob upoštevanju petega odstavka 9. člena;
(c) razvoj in izvajanje programov izobraževanja in ozaveščanja javnosti, zlasti žensk, otrok in najmanj izobraženih, o obstojnih organskih onesnaževalih ter o zdravju ljudi, vplivu na okolje in o alternativah obstojnim organskim onesnaževalom;
(d) sodelovanje javnosti pri obravnavi obstojnih organskih onesnaževal, učinkov na zdravje ljudi in na okolje ter pri oblikovanju ustreznih odzivov, vključno s priložnostmi za vložke na državni ravni v zvezi z izvajanjem te konvencije;
(e) usposabljanje zaposlenih, znanstvenikov, izobraževalnega ter strokovno-tehničnega in upravnega osebja;
(f) oblikovanje in izmenjavo gradiva za izobraževanje in ozaveščanje javnosti na državni in mednarodni ravni ter
(g) oblikovanje in izvajanje programov izobraževanja in usposabljanja na državni in mednarodni ravni.
2. Pogodbenica po svojih zmožnostih zagotavlja, da ima javnost dostop do javnih informacij, omenjenih v prvem odstavku, in da so informacije vedno posodobljene in dopolnjene.
3. Pogodbenica po svojih zmožnostih spodbuja uporabnike v industriji in poklicne uporabnike, naj spodbujajo in omogočajo zagotavljanje informacij iz prvega odstavka na državni ravni, ter kot je to ustrezno, na podregionalni, regionalni in globalni ravni.
4. Pri zagotavljanju informacij o obstojnih organskih onesnaževalih in alternativah zanje lahko pogodbenice uporabijo varnostne liste, poročila, množična občila in druga komunikacijska sredstva ter lahko ustanavljajo informacijske centre na državni in regionalni ravni.
5. Pogodbenica z naklonjenostjo prouči nastajajoče in razvijajoče se mehanizme, na primer registre izpustov in prenosov onesnaževal, namenjene zbiranju in razširjanju informacij o ocenjenih letnih količinah izpuščenih ali odstranjenih kemikalij, uvrščenih v Prilogo A, B ali C.
11. člen
Raziskave, razvoj in spremljanje stanja
1. Pogodbenice po svojih zmožnostih na državni in mednarodni ravni spodbujajo in/ali izvajajo ustrezne raziskave, razvoj, monitoring in sodelovanje v zvezi z obstojnimi organskimi onesnaževali, in kadar je to ustrezno, v zvezi z alternativami zanje ter snovmi, ki so možna obstojna organska onesnaževala, vključno:
(a) z viri in izpusti v okolje;
(b) s prisotnostjo, vrednostmi, trendi teh snovi v človeškem organizmu in v okolju;
(c) s prenosom v okolju, usodo v okolju in transformacijami;
(d) z učinki na zdravje ljudi in na okolje;
(e) s socialno-ekonomskimi in kulturnimi vplivi;
(f) z zmanjšanjem in/ali odpravo izpustov ter
(g) z usklajenimi metodologijami za sestavo popisov virov teh snovi in analitskih metod za merjenje izpustov.
2. Pri opravljanju dejavnosti iz prvega odstavka pogodbenice po svojih zmožnostih:
(a) podpirajo in nadalje razvijajo, kot je to ustrezno, mednarodne programe, omrežja in organizacije, usmerjene v opredelitev, izvajanje, ocenjevanje in financiranje raziskav, zbiranje podatkov in monitoring, ob upoštevanju potrebe po zmanjšanju podvajanja dela;
(b) podpirajo državna in mednarodna prizadevanja za krepitev zmogljivosti za znanstveno in tehnično raziskovanje posameznih držav, zlasti držav v razvoju in držav z gospodarstvi v prehodu, ter spodbujajo dostop do podatkov in analiz ter njihovo izmenjavo;
(c) zlasti na področju finančnih in strokovnih virov upoštevajo zaskrbljenost in potrebe držav v razvoju in držav z gospodarstvi v prehodu ter sodelujejo pri izboljšanju zmožnosti teh držav za sodelovanje pri prizadevanjih iz pododstavkov (a) in (b);
(d) izvajajo raziskave, usmerjene k zmanjšanju učinkov obstojnih organskih onesnaževal na reproduktivno zdravje in sposobnost;
(e) javno, pravočasno in redno objavljajo izsledke raziskav, razvoja in monitoringa, omenjenih v tem odstavku, ter
(f) spodbujajo sodelovanje in/ali sodelujejo pri shranjevanju in vzdrževanju informacij, ki se zbirajo pri raziskavah, razvoju in monitoringu.
12. člen
Strokovna pomoč
1. Pogodbenice priznavajo, da je pravočasna in ustrezna strokovna pomoč kot odziv na prošnje držav pogodbenic v razvoju in držav pogodbenic z gospodarstvi v prehodu bistvena in nujna za uspešno izvajanje te konvencije.
2. Pogodbenice sodelujejo pri zagotavljanju pravočasne in ustrezne strokovne pomoči državam pogodbenicam v razvoju in državam pogodbenicam z gospodarstvi v prehodu, da bi jim ob upoštevanju posebnih potreb pomagale razviti in okrepiti sposobnost za izvajanje njihovih obveznosti po tej konvenciji.
3. V zvezi s tem strokovna pomoč razvitih držav pogodbenic in drugih pogodbenic v skladu z njihovimi zmožnostmi zajema, kot je to ustrezno in medsebojno dogovorjeno, strokovno pomoč pri povečanju zmogljivosti za izvajanje obveznosti po tej konvenciji. Nadaljnja navodila v zvezi s tem določi Konferenca pogodbenic.
4. Pogodbenice oblikujejo, kot je to primerno, postopke za zagotavljanje strokovne pomoči in za spodbujanje prenosa tehnologij državam pogodbenicam v razvoju in državam pogodbenicam z gospodarstvi v prehodu v zvezi z izvajanjem te konvencije. Ukrepi zajemajo tudi regionalne in podregionalne centre za povečevanje zmogljivosti in prenos tehnologije, s čimer bi državam pogodbenicam v razvoju in državam pogodbenicam z gospodarstvi v prehodu pomagali pri izpolnjevanju njihovih obveznosti v zvezi z izvajanjem te konvencije. Nadaljnja navodila v zvezi s tem določi Konferenca pogodbenic.
5. Pogodbenice v smislu tega člena pri zagotavljanju strokovne pomoči popolnoma upoštevajo posebne potrebe in poseben položaj najmanj razvitih držav in malih otoških držav v razvoju.
13. člen
Finančna sredstva in mehanizmi
1. Pogodbenica se obveže, da po svojih zmožnostih zagotavlja finančno podporo in daje v skladu s svojimi nacionalnimi načrti, prednostnimi nalogami in programi pobude v zvezi s tistimi nacionalnimi dejavnostmi, ki so namenjene izpolnjevanju ciljev te konvencije.
2. Razvite države pogodbenice zagotavljajo nova in dodatna finančna sredstva, s katerimi omogočajo državam pogodbenicam v razvoju in pogodbenicam z gospodarstvi v prehodu, da krijejo dogovorjene naraščajoče stroške izvajanja ukrepov, s katerimi izpolnijo svoje obveznosti iz te konvencije, kot je dogovorjeno med pogodbenico prejemnico in subjektom, ki sodeluje v mehanizmu, opisanem v šestem odstavku. Druge pogodbenice lahko taka finančna sredstva zagotavljajo prostovoljno in po svojih zmožnostih. Spodbuja se tudi pridobivanje prispevkov iz drugih virov. Pri izpolnjevanju teh obveznosti je treba upoštevati primernost, napovedljivost in pravočasen pretok sredstev ter pomen porazdelitve bremena med pogodbenice, ki prispevajo sredstva.
3. Razvite države pogodbenice in druge pogodbenice lahko po svojih zmožnostih in v skladu s svojimi nacionalnimi načrti, prednostnimi nalogami in programi zagotavljajo finančna sredstva kot pomoč pri izvajanju te konvencije tudi iz drugih dvostranskih, regionalnih ali večstranskih virov ali kanalov; taka sredstva lahko izkoristijo države pogodbenice v razvoju in države pogodbenice z gospodarstvi v prehodu.
4. Kako učinkovito bodo države pogodbenice v razvoju izpolnjevale svoje obveznosti po tej konvenciji, je odvisno od tega, kako učinkovito razvite države pogodbenice izpolnjujejo svoje obveznosti v zvezi s finančnimi sredstvi, strokovno pomočjo in prenosom tehnologije po tej konvenciji. Treba je v celoti upoštevati dejstvo, da sta glavni in prevladujoči nalogi držav pogodbenic v razvoju trajnostni gospodarski in socialni razvoj ter izkoreninjenje revščine, ob tem pa je treba ustrezno upoštevati potrebo po varovanju zdravja ljudi in okolja.
5. Pogodbenice morajo pri financiranju v celoti upoštevati posebne potrebe in položaj najmanj razvitih držav in malih otoških držav v razvoju.
6. Določi se mehanizem za zagotavljanje ustreznih in uravnoteženih finančnih sredstev za države pogodbenice v razvoju in za pogodbenice z gospodarstvi v prehodu na podlagi subvencij ali koncesij, s čimer se tem državam pomaga pri izvajanju konvencije. Mehanizem deluje pod pristojnostjo, in kot je to ustrezno, pod vodstvom Konference pogodbenic in ji je odgovoren. Za njegovo upravljanje je pooblaščen en ali več subjektov, vključno z mednarodnimi subjekti, kot lahko določi Konferenca pogodbenic. V mehanizem so lahko vključeni tudi drugi subjekti, ki zagotavljajo večstransko, regionalno in dvostransko finančno in strokovno pomoč. Prispevki za mehanizem pomenijo dodatne prispevke drugim finančnim prenosom državam pogodbenicam v razvoju in pogodbenicam z gospodarstvi v prehodu, kot je to opisano v drugem odstavku in v skladu z njim.
7. V skladu s cilji te konvencije in šestim odstavkom Konferenca pogodbenic na svojem prvem zasedanju sprejme ustrezna navodila, potrebna za mehanizem, in se dogovori s subjektom ali subjekti, ki sodelujejo v finančnem mehanizmu, o ureditvah in ukrepih za njegovo izvajanje. Navodila se med drugim nanašajo na:
(a) določitev prednostnih nalog v zvezi s politiko, strategijo in programi ter jasnih in podrobnih meril in smernic v zvezi z upravičenostjo do finančnih sredstev in njihove uporabe, vključno z monitoringom in rednim ocenjevanjem uporabe sredstev;
(b) zagotavljanje rednih poročil subjekta ali subjektov Konferenci pogodbenic o primernosti in uravnoteženosti financiranja dejavnosti, pomembnih za izvajanje te konvencije;
(c) zavzemanje za pristope, mehanizme in ukrepe financiranja iz več virov;
(d) načine za določanje višine potrebnih in razpoložljivih sredstev za izvajanje te konvencije na način, ki ga je mogoče jasno napovedati in opredeliti, ob upoštevanju, da lahko postopno odpravljanje obstojnih organskih onesnaževal zahteva trajno financiranje, ter pogoje, pod katerimi se omenjena višina sredstev periodično prouči, ter
(e) načine za zagotavljanje pomoči zainteresiranim pogodbenicam z oceno potreb, informacijami o razpoložljivih virih financiranja in vzorcih financiranja, s čimer se omogoči usklajevanje med njimi.
8. Konferenca pogodbenic prouči najpozneje na svojem drugem zasedanju, pozneje pa redno, učinkovitost mehanizma, oblikovanega po določbah tega člena, sposobnost mehanizma za obravnavo spreminjajočih se potreb držav pogodbenic v razvoju in pogodbenic z gospodarstvi v prehodu, za obravnavo meril in navodil iz sedmega odstavka, raven financiranja ter učinkovitost delovne uspešnosti institucionalnih subjektov, ki so pooblaščeni za upravljanje finančnega mehanizma. Na podlagi take revizije, in če je to potrebno, sprejme ustrezne ukrepe za izboljšanje učinkovitosti mehanizma, med drugim priporočila in navodila o ukrepih za zagotavljanje ustreznega in uravnoteženega financiranja, s katerim se zadovoljijo potrebe pogodbenic.
14. člen
Začasne finančne ureditve
Institucionalna struktura Sklada za svetovno okolje, ki se upravlja v skladu z Listino o oblikovanju prestrukturiranega Sklada za svetovno okolje, je začasno glavni subjekt, pooblaščen za delovanje finančnega mehanizma, omenjenega v 13. členu, za obdobje od začetka veljavnosti te konvencije do prvega zasedanja Konference pogodbenic ali do takrat, ko Konferenca pogodbenic odloči, katero institucionalno strukturo bo določila v skladu s 13. členom. Institucionalna struktura Sklada za svetovno okolje izpolnjuje svojo nalogo z operativnimi ukrepi, ki se posebej nanašajo na obstojna organska onesnaževala, ob upoštevanju, da bodo na tem področju morda potrebni novi ukrepi.
15. člen
Poročanje
1. Pogodbenica poroča Konferenci pogodbenic o ukrepih, ki jih je sprejela za izvajanje določb te konvencije, in o učinkovitosti teh ukrepov pri izpolnjevanju ciljev konvencije.
2. Vsaka pogodbenica sporoči Sekretariatu:
(a) statistične podatke o skupni količini proizvodnje, uvozu in izvozu vsake od kemikalij, uvrščenih v Prilogo A in Prilogo B, ali utemeljeno ocenjeno vrednost za te podatke, ter
(b) če je to izvedljivo, seznam držav, iz katerih je uvozila vsako tako snov, in držav, v katere je izvozila vsako tako snov.
3. Pogodbenica poroča v rednih časovnih presledkih in na obrazcu, ki jih določi Konferenca pogodbenic na svojem prvem zasedanju.
16. člen
Ocenjevanje učinkovitosti
1. Konferenca pogodbenic prvič oceni učinkovitost te konvencije štiri leta po začetku veljavnosti konvencije, nato pa v časovnih presledkih, ki jih določi Konferenca pogodbenic.
2. Da bi se omogočilo tako ocenjevanje, Konferenca pogodbenic na prvem zasedanju da pobudo za oblikovanje ureditev in ukrepov, s katerimi si priskrbi primerljive podatke monitoringa o prisotnosti kemikalij, uvrščenih v Priloge A, B in C, ter o njihovem prenosu v regionalnem in globalnem okolju. Za te ureditve in ukrepe velja:
(a) da jih izvajajo pogodbenice na regionalni podlagi, če je to ustrezno, v skladu s svojimi strokovnimi in finančnimi zmožnostmi in pri tem, kolikor je mogoče, uporabljajo obstoječe programe in mehanizme monitoringa ter spodbujajo usklajevanje pristopov;
(b) da se lahko po potrebi zamenjajo ob upoštevanju razlik med regijami in njihovih zmožnosti za izvajanje monitoringa ter
(c) da vsebujejo poročila Konferenci pogodbenic o rezultatih monitoringa na regionalni in globalni ravni v časovnih presledkih, ki jih določi Konferenca pogodbenic.
3. Ocenjevanje, opisano v prvem odstavku, se opravi na podlagi razpoložljivih znanstvenih, okoljskih, strokovnih in gospodarskih informacij, med katere spadajo tudi:
(a) poročila in druge informacije, pridobljene z monitoringom, ki se zberejo v skladu z drugim odstavkom;
(b) poročila držav, ki se predložijo v skladu s 15. členom, ter
(c) informacije o neskladnosti, ki se predložijo po postopkih, predvidenih v 17. členu.
17. člen
Neskladnost
Konferenca pogodbenic takoj, ko je to mogoče, oblikuje in odobri postopke in institucionalne mehanizme za ugotavljanje neskladnosti z določbami te konvencije in za obravnavo pogodbenic, za katere se ugotovi, da ne ravnajo skladno s konvencijo.
18. člen
Reševanje sporov
1. Pogodbenice rešujejo vse medsebojne spore v zvezi z razlago ali uporabo konvencije s pogajanji ali na kak drug miren način, ki ga same izberejo.
2. Ob ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi konvencije ali pristopu k njej ali kadar koli pozneje lahko pogodbenica, ki ni organizacija za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje, pisno izjavi v listini, ki jo predloži depozitarju, da za vsak spor v zvezi z razlago ali uporabo te konvencije priznava kot obveznega enega ali oba načina reševanja spora v odnosu do katere koli pogodbenice, ki sprejema enako obveznost:
(a) arbitražo v skladu s postopki, ki jih mora, takoj ko je to izvedljivo, sprejeti Konferenca pogodbenic v prilogi;
(b) predložitev spora Meddržavnemu sodišču.
3. Pogodbenica, ki je organizacija za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje, lahko da izjavo z enakim učinkom glede arbitraže v skladu s postopkom iz pododstavka (a) drugega odstavka.
4. Izjava, dana v skladu z drugim ali tretjim odstavkom, velja, dokler ne preneha veljati v skladu s svojimi določili, ali do izteka treh mesecev po tem, ko je pogodbenica pri depozitarju deponirala pisno obvestilo o preklicu izjave.
5. Iztek veljavnosti izjave, obvestilo o preklicu ali nova izjava nikakor ne vplivajo na postopke, ki potekajo pred arbitražnim sodiščem ali Meddržavnim sodiščem, razen če se stranke v sporu ne dogovorijo drugače.
6. Če stranke v sporu niso sprejele enakega postopka ali katerega od postopkov po drugem odstavku in če niso mogle rešiti spora v dvanajstih mesecih od uradnega obvestila ene stranke drugi, da med njima obstaja spor, se spor na zahtevo katere koli stranke v sporu predloži spravni komisiji. Spravna komisija pripravi poročilo s priporočili. Dodatni postopki, ki se nanašajo na spravno komisijo, se vključijo v prilogo, ki jo sprejme Konferenca pogodbenic najpozneje na svojem drugem zasedanju.
19. člen
Konferenca pogodbenic
1. Ustanovi se Konferenca pogodbenic.
2. Prvo zasedanje Konference pogodbenic skliče izvršilni direktor Programa Združenih narodov za okolje najpozneje eno leto po začetku veljavnosti te konvencije. Nato bodo redna zasedanja Konference pogodbenic v rednih presledkih, ki jih določi konferenca.
3. Izredna zasedanja Konference pogodbenic so takrat, kadar Konferenca meni, da je to potrebno, ali na pisno zahtevo katere koli pogodbenice pod pogojem, da jo podpira najmanj tretjina pogodbenic.
4. Konferenca pogodbenic se na svojem prvem zasedanju s soglasjem dogovori in sprejme poslovnik in finančna pravila zase in za vse pomožne organe ter finančne določbe za delovanje Sekretariata.
5. Konferenca pogodbenic stalno pregleduje in ocenjuje izvajanje konvencije. Opravlja naloge, ki so ji določene s to konvencijo, in v ta namen:
(a) poleg organa, zahtevanega v šestem odstavku, ustanovi take pomožne organe, kot so po njenem mnenju potrebni za izvajanje konvencije;
(b) sodeluje, kadar je to primerno, s pristojnimi mednarodnimi organizacijami ter z medvladnimi organi in nevladnimi organizacijami in
(c) redno pregleduje vse informacije, ki jih predložijo pogodbenice v skladu s 15. členom, vključno s proučitvijo učinkovitosti točke (iii) pododstavka (b) drugega odstavka 3. člena;
(d) obravnava in izvede kakršen koli dodaten ukrep, ki bi bil morda potreben za doseganje ciljev konvencije.
6. Konferenca pogodbenic na svojem prvem zasedanju ustanovi pomožni organ, imenovan Odbor za pregled obstojnih organskih onesnaževal, in to za opravljanje nalog, ki jih temu odboru nalaga konvencija. V ta namen:
(a) Konferenca pogodbenic imenuje člane Odbora za pregled obstojnih organskih onesnaževal. Odbor sestavljajo strokovnjaki za oceno kemikalij ali za ravnanje s kemikalijami, ki jih imenujejo vlade pogodbenic. Člani odbora so imenovani na podlagi pravične zemljepisne porazdelitve;
(b) Konferenca pogodbenic določi naloge in pooblastila, organiziranost in delovanje odbora ter
(c) odbor si po najboljših močeh prizadeva sprejeti svoja priporočila s soglasjem. Če so bila izčrpana vsa prizadevanja za soglasje in soglasja ni bilo mogoče doseči, se taka priporočila v skrajnem primeru sprejemajo z dvotretjinsko večino glasov članov, ki so prisotni in glasujejo.
7. Konferenca pogodbenic na svojem tretjem zasedanju presodi, ali je še potreben postopek iz pododstavka (b) drugega odstavka 3. člena, in prouči njegovo učinkovitost.
8. Združeni narodi, njihove specializirane agencije in Mednarodna agencija za atomsko energijo kakor tudi vsaka druga država nepogodbenica te konvencije so na zasedanjih konference lahko zastopani kot opazovalci. Kateri koli državni ali mednarodni, vladni ali nevladni organ ali agencija, ki se strokovno ukvarja z zadevami, ki jih ureja ta konvencija, in obvesti Sekretariat o svoji želji, da je zastopana na zasedanju Konference pogodbenic kot opazovalec, se zasedanja lahko udeleži, če temu ne nasprotuje najmanj ena tretjina na zasedanju prisotnih pogodbenic. Za udeležbo in sodelovanje opazovalcev velja poslovnik, ki ga sprejme Konferenca pogodbenic.
20. člen
Sekretariat
1. Ustanovi se Sekretariat.
2. Naloge Sekretariata so:
(a) da pripravlja zasedanja Konference pogodbenic in njenih pomožnih organov in da zanje opravlja potrebne storitve;
(b) da olajša pomoč pri izvajanju te konvencije pogodbenicam, ki to zahtevajo, zlasti pogodbenicam v razvoju in pogodbenicam z gospodarstvi v prehodu;
(c) da zagotavlja potrebno usklajevanje s sekretariati drugih pomembnih mednarodnih organov;
(d) da v rednih časovnih presledkih pripravlja in daje pogodbenicam poročila na podlagi informacij, ki jih prejme v skladu s 15. členom, ter druge razpoložljive informacije;
(e) da po splošnih usmeritvah Konference pogodbenic sklepa take upravne in pogodbene dogovore, kot utegnejo biti potrebni za uspešno opravljanje njegovih nalog, in
(f) da opravlja druge naloge Sekretariata, določene v tej konvenciji, in take druge naloge, kot mu jih lahko določi Konferenca pogodbenic.
3. Naloge Sekretariata za to konvencijo opravlja izvršilni direktor Programa Združenih narodov za okolje, razen če Konferenca pogodbenic ne odloči s tričetrtinsko večino glasov prisotnih pogodbenic, ki so glasovale, da naloge Sekretariata zaupa eni ali več drugim mednarodnim organizacijam.
21. člen
Spremembe konvencije
1. Vsaka pogodbenica lahko predlaga spremembe te konvencije.
2. Spremembe konvencije se sprejmejo na zasedanju Konference pogodbenic. Besedilo katere koli predlagane spremembe Sekretariat pošlje pogodbenicam najmanj šest mesecev pred zasedanjem, na katerem naj bi bila sprememba sprejeta. Sekretariat pošlje predlagane spremembe tudi podpisnicam te konvencije in v vednost depozitarju.
3. Pogodbenice si prizadevajo, da bi se o vsaki predlagani spremembi sporazumele s soglasjem. Če so bila izčrpana vsa prizadevanja za soglasje in dogovor ni bil dosežen, se sprememba v skrajnem primeru sprejme s tričetrtinsko večino glasov pogodbenic, ki so prisotne in glasujejo.
4. Depozitar pošlje spremembo vsem pogodbenicam v ratifikacijo, sprejetje ali odobritev.
5. O ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi spremembe je treba pisno obvestiti depozitarja. Sprememba, ki je bila sprejeta v skladu s tretjim odstavkom, začne veljati za pogodbenice, ki so jo sprejele, devetdeseti dan po dnevu, ko je najmanj tri četrtine pogodbenic deponiralo svoje listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi. Pozneje začne sprememba veljati za vsako drugo pogodbenico devetdeseti dan po dnevu, ko je ta pogodbenica deponirala svojo listino o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi spremembe.
22. člen
Sprejemanje in spreminjanje prilog
1. Priloge k tej konvenciji so njen neločljivi sestavni del, in če ni izrecno drugače določeno, pomeni sklicevanje na to konvencijo hkrati tudi sklicevanje na vse njene priloge.
2. Priloge so omejene na postopkovne, znanstvene, strokovne ali upravne zadeve.
3. Za predlaganje, sprejemanje in začetek veljavnosti dodatnih prilog h konvenciji se uporablja ta postopek:
(a) dodatne priloge se predlagajo in sprejmejo skladno s postopkom, ki je določen v prvem, drugem in tretjem odstavku 21. člena;
(b) pogodbenica, ki ne more sprejeti dodatne priloge, o tem pisno uradno obvesti depozitarja v enem letu po dnevu, ko jo je depozitar seznanil, da je bila sprejeta dodatna priloga. Depozitar nemudoma uradno obvesti vse pogodbenice o takem prejetem uradnem obvestilu. Pogodbenica lahko kadar koli umakne prejšnje uradno obvestilo o nesprejetju dodatne priloge in nato začne za tako pogodbenico priloga veljati po pogojih iz pododstavka (c) ter
(c) ob izteku enega leta od dneva, ko je depozitar seznanil pogodbenice, da je bila sprejeta dodatna priloga, začne ta dodatna priloga veljati za vse pogodbenice, ki niso predložile uradnega obvestila v skladu z določbami pododstavka (b).
4. Za predlaganje, sprejemanje in začetek veljavnosti sprememb k Prilogi A, B ali C veljajo enaki postopki kot za predlaganje, sprejemanje in začetek veljavnosti dodatnih prilog k tej konvenciji, razen da sprememba k Prilogi A, B ali C ne začne veljati za pogodbenico, ki je dala izjavo o spremembi k tem prilogam skladno s četrtim odstavkom 25. člena. V takem primeru začne sprememba za tako pogodbenico veljati devetdeseti dan po dnevu, ko je ta pogodbenica deponirala svojo listino o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi spremembe ali pristopu k njej.
5. Za predlaganje, sprejemanje in začetek veljavnosti sprememb k Prilogi D, E ali F se uporablja ta postopek:
(a) spremembe se predlagajo v skladu s postopkom iz prvega in drugega odstavka 21. člena;
(b) pogodbenice sprejmejo odločitev o spremembi k Prilogi D, E ali F s soglasjem in
(c) odločitev o spremembi Priloge D, E ali F depozitar takoj sporoči pogodbenicam. Sprememba začne veljati za vse pogodbenice na dan, določen v odločitvi.
6. Če je dodatna priloga ali sprememba kake priloge povezana s spremembo te konvencije, taka dodatna priloga ali sprememba ne začne veljati, dokler ne začne veljati sprememba konvencije.
23. člen
Pravica do glasovanja
1. Vsaka pogodbenica konvencije ima en glas, razen kot je določeno v drugem odstavku.
2. Organizacija za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje lahko o zadevah, ki so v njeni pristojnosti, uresničuje pravico do glasovanja s številom glasov, ki je enako številu njenih držav članic, ki so pogodbenice te konvencije. Taka organizacija ne sme uveljavljati svoje pravice do glasovanja, če katera koli od njenih držav članic sama uresničuje svojo pravico do glasovanja, in obratno.
24. člen
Podpis
Ta konvencija je na voljo za podpis vsem državam in organizacijam za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje v Stockholmu 23. maja 2001 in na sedežu Združenih narodov v New Yorku od 24. maja 2001 do 22. maja 2002.
25. člen
Ratifikacija, sprejetje, odobritev ali pristop
1. To konvencijo morajo države in organizacije za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje ratificirati, sprejeti ali odobriti. Za pristop je državam in organizacijam za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje na voljo od dneva, ko je končano podpisovanje konvencije. Listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu se hranijo pri depozitarju.
2. Vsako organizacijo za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje, ki postane pogodbenica te konvencije, ne da bi bila pogodbenica katera koli od njenih držav članic, obvezujejo vse obveznosti iz te konvencije. Kadar je pri takih organizacijah ena ali več njenih držav članic pogodbenica te konvencije, organizacija in njene države članice določijo ustrezno razmejitev odgovornosti za izpolnjevanje obveznosti po tej konvenciji. V teh primerih organizacija in države članice niso upravičene sočasno uresničevati pravic iz te konvencije.
3. V svoji listini o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu organizacija za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje izjavi, kakšen je obseg njenih pristojnosti glede zadev, ki jih ureja ta konvencija. Vsaka taka organizacija tudi obvesti depozitarja o vsaki pomembni spremembi svoje pristojnosti, depozitar pa o tem obvesti pogodbenice.
4. V svoji listini o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu lahko vsaka pogodbenica izjavi, da zanjo začne veljati sprememba Priloge A, B ali C šele po tem, ko pogodbenica deponira svojo listino o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi spremembe ali pristopu k njej.
26. člen
Začetek veljavnosti
1. Ta konvencija začne veljati devetdeseti dan po dnevu deponiranja petdesete listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu.
2. Za vsako državo ali organizacijo za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje, ki ratificira, sprejme ali potrdi konvencijo ali k njej pristopi po deponiranju petdesete listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu, začne konvencija veljati devetdeseti dan po tem, ko je ta država ali organizacija za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje deponirala svojo listino o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu.
3. Za namene prvega in drugega odstavka se nobena listina, ki jo je deponirala organizacija za regionalno gospodarsko povezovanje, ne šteje kot dodatna listina k tistim, ki so jih deponirale države članice take organizacije.
27. člen
Pridržki
K tej konvenciji niso dopustni nobeni pridržki.
28. člen
Odpoved
1. Pogodbenica lahko to konvencijo odpove kadar koli po treh letih od dneva, ko je ta konvencija za to pogodbenico začela veljati, tako da preda pisno uradno obvestilo depozitarju.
2. Vsaka taka odpoved začne veljati po izteku enega leta od dneva, ko je depozitar prejel uradno obvestilo o odpovedi, ali pozneje na dan, ki je lahko določen v uradnem obvestilu o odpovedi.
29. člen
Depozitar
Depozitar te konvencije je generalni sekretar Združenih narodov.
30. člen
Verodostojna besedila
Izvirnik te konvencije, katere besedila v angleškem, arabskem, francoskem, kitajskem, ruskem in španskem besedilu so enako verodostojna, je deponiran pri generalnem sekretarju Združenih narodov.
V POTRDITEV TEGA so podpisani, ki so bili za to pravilno pooblaščeni, podpisali to konvencijo.
Sklenjeno v Stockholmu dvaindvajsetega maja dva tisoč ena.
Priloga A
ODPRAVA
I. del
----------------------------------------------------------------------
KEMIKALIJA DEJAVNOST POSEBNA IZJEMA
----------------------------------------------------------------------
aldrin* proizvodnja ne obstaja
CAS št.: 309-00-2
uporaba lokalni ektoparaziticid
insekticid
----------------------------------------------------------------------
klordan* proizvodnja kot je dovoljeno za
CAS št.: 57-74-9 pogodbenice, navedene v
registru
uporaba lokalni ektoparaziticid
insekticid
termiticid
termiticid v zgradbah in
jezovih
termiticid v cestah
dodatek v lepilih za vezani les
----------------------------------------------------------------------
dieldrin* proizvodnja ne obstaja
CAS št.: 60-57-1
uporaba za kmetijske dejavnosti
----------------------------------------------------------------------
endrin* proizvodnja ne obstaja
CAS št.: 72-20-8
uporaba ne obstaja
----------------------------------------------------------------------
heptaklor* proizvodnja ne obstaja
CAS št.: 76-44-8
uporaba termiticid
termiticid v konstrukcijah hiš
termiticid (podzemni)
obdelava lesa
se uporablja v kanalih s kabli
pod zemljo
----------------------------------------------------------------------
heksaklorobenzen proizvodnja kot je dovoljeno za
CAS št.: 118-74-1 pogodbenice, navedene v
registru
uporaba vmesni produkt
topilo v pesticidih
vmesni produkt v zaprtem
sistemu, omejen na določeno
lokacijo
----------------------------------------------------------------------
mireks* proizvodnja kot je dovoljeno za
CAS št.: 2385-85-5 pogodbenice, navedene v
registru
uporaba termiticid
----------------------------------------------------------------------
toksafen* proizvodnja ne obstaja
CAS št.: 8001-35-2
uporaba ne obstaja
----------------------------------------------------------------------
poliklorirani bifenili proizvodnja ne obstaja
(PCB)* uporaba predmeti, ki se uporabljajo v
skladu z določbami II. dela te
priloge
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Opombe:
(i) Razen če ni v tej konvenciji drugače določeno, se kemikalija, ki se nenamerno pojavlja kot onesnaževalo v sledeh v proizvodih in predmetih, ne šteje kot kemikalija na seznamu v tej prilogi.
(ii) Ta opomba se ne šteje kot posebna izjema v zvezi s proizvodnjo in uporabo za namene drugega odstavka 3. člena. Kemikalija, ki se pojavlja kot sestavni del predmetov, ki so bili izdelani ali so se uporabljali pred začetkom veljavnosti ustrezne obveznosti v zvezi s to kemikalijo, se ne šteje kot kemikalija na seznamu v tej prilogi, če je pogodbenica uradno obvestila Sekretariat, da se določena vrsta predmeta še naprej uporablja v tej pogodbenici. Sekretariat omogoči, da je tako obvestilo na voljo javnosti.
(iii) Ta opomba, ki se ne uporablja za kemikalijo, katere imenu sledi zvezdica v stolpcu "kemikalija" v I. delu te priloge, se ne šteje kot posebna izjema v zvezi s proizvodnjo in uporabo za namene drugega odstavka 3. člena. Glede na to, da ni pričakovati, da bi večje količine kemikalije prišle v stik z ljudmi in okoljem med nastajanjem in uporabo vmesnega produkta v zaprtem sistemu, ki je omejen na lokacijo, sme pogodbenica po obvestilu Sekretariata dovoliti proizvodnjo in uporabo količin kemikalije na seznamu te priloge kot vmesnega produkta v zaprtem sistemu, ki je omejena na lokacijo in ki se kemično transformira pri proizvodnji drugih kemikalij, ki ob upoštevanju meril prvega odstavka Priloge D ne kažejo značilnosti obstojnih organskih onesnaževal. V uradnem obvestilu je treba navesti informacije o skupni proizvodnji in uporabi take kemikalije ali razumno oceno obsega skupne proizvodnje in uporabe ter informacije o vrsti postopka v zaprtem sistemu, ki je omejen na lokacijo, vključno z obsegom onesnaženja končnega proizvoda z nespremenjeno vhodno kemikalijo – obstojnim organskim onesnaževalom ter z obsegom nenamernega onesnaženja v sledeh. Omenjeni postopek se uporablja, razen če ni v tej prilogi drugače določeno. Sekretariat omogoči, da so taka uradna obvestila na voljo Konferenci pogodbenic in javnosti. Taka proizvodnja ali uporaba se ne šteje kot posebna izjema v zvezi s proizvodnjo ali uporabo. Taka proizvodnja ali uporaba mora prenehati v desetih letih, razen če prizadeta pogodbenica Sekretariatu ne pošlje novega uradnega obvestila; v tem primeru se desetletno obdobje podaljša za dodatnih deset let, razen če Konferenca pogodbenic po pregledu proizvodnje in uporabe ne odloči drugače. Postopek uradnega obveščanja je mogoče ponoviti.
(iv) Vse posebne izjeme v tej prilogi lahko uporabljajo pogodbenice, ki so zase registrirale izjeme v skladu s 4. členom, razen za uporabo polikloriranih bifenilov v predmetih, ki se uporabljajo skladno z določbami II. dela te priloge, ki je dovoljena vsem pogodbenicam.
II. del
Poliklorirani bifenili
Vsaka pogodbenica:
(a) mora v skladu z revizijo Konference pogodbenic do leta 2025 pri odpravi uporabe polikloriranih bifenilov v opremi (na primer v transformatorjih, kondenzatorjih in drugih vsebnikih, ki vsebujejo zaloge tekočin) ukrepati v skladu z naslednjimi prednostnimi nalogami:
(i) si odločno prizadevati za prepoznavanje, označevanje in odstranitev iz uporabe opreme, ki vsebuje več kot 10 odstotkov polikloriranih bifenilov, s prostornino, večjo od pet litrov;
(ii) si odločno prizadevati za prepoznavanje, označevanje in odstranitev iz uporabe opreme, ki vsebuje več kot 0,05 odstotka polikloriranih bifenilov, s prostornino, večjo od pet litrov;
(iii) si odločno prizadevati za prepoznavanje, označevanje in odstranitev iz uporabe opreme, ki vsebuje več kot 0,005 odstotka polikloriranih bifenilov, s prostornino, večjo od 0,05 litra;
(b) mora skladno s prednostnimi nalogami iz pododstavka (a) spodbujati naslednje ukrepe za zmanjšanje izpostavljenosti in tveganja z nadzorom nad uporabo polikloriranih bifenilov:
(i) jih uporabljati le v nepoškodovani opremi, ki ne pušča, in le na območjih, na katerih je mogoče tveganja zaradi izpusta v okolje čim bolj zmanjšati in stanje hitro popraviti;
(ii) jih ne uporabljati v opremi na območjih, na katerih se prideluje ali predeluje hrana ali krma;
(iii) pri uporabi na naseljenih območjih, vključno s šolami in bolnišnicami, uvesti vse upravičene ukrepe za zaščito pred izpadom električnega toka, ki bi lahko povzročil požar, ter redno pregledovati opremo, da ne bi puščala;
(c) ne glede na določbe drugega odstavka 3. člena zagotavlja, da se oprema, ki vsebuje poliklorirane bifenile, kot je opisana v pododstavku (a), ne izvaža ali uvaža, razen za namene okolju primernega ravnanja z odpadki;
(d) razen pri vzdrževanju in servisiranju ne dovoli predelave tekočin z večjo vsebnostjo polikloriranih bifenilov kot 0,005 odstotka za ponovno uporabo v drugi opremi;
(e) si mora v skladu s prvim odstavkom 6. člena odločno prizadevati za čimprejšnje, najpozneje pa do 2028 okolju primerno ravnanje z odpadnimi tekočinami, ki vsebujejo poliklorirane bifenile, in z opremo, ki je onesnažena s polikloriranimi bifenili z vsebnostjo polikloriranih bifenilov, večjo od 0,005 odstotka, kar mora proučiti Konference pogodbenic;
(f) namesto opombe (ii) v I. delu te priloge si mora prizadevati prepoznati druge predmete, ki vsebujejo več kot 0,005 odstotka polikloriranih bifenilov (na primer zaščitni zasloni, vulkanizirana smola in obarvani predmeti), ter ravnati z njimi skladno s prvim odstavkom 6. člena;
(g) vsakih pet let pripravi poročilo o napredku pri odpravi polikloriranih bifenilov in ga predloži Konferenci pogodbenic skladno s 15. členom;
(h) poročila, opisana v pododstavku (g), kot je ustrezno, obravnava Konferenca pogodbenic pri svojih pregledih v zvezi s polikloriranimi bifenili. Konferenca pogodbenic vsakih pet let ali v drugem časovnem presledku, kot je ustrezno, ob upoštevanju poročil prouči napredek pri odpravi polikloriranih bifenilov.
Priloga B
OMEJITEV
I. del
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KEMIKALIJA DEJAVNOST SPREJEMLJIV NAMEN ALI
POSEBNA IZJEMA
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DDT proizvodnja Sprejemljivi namen:
(1,1,1-trikloro-2,2- nadzor nad prenašalci bolezni v
bis(4-klorofenil)etan) skladu z II. delom te priloge
CAS Posebna izjema:
št.: 50-29-3 vmesni produkt pri proizvodnji
dikofola
vmesni produkt
uporaba Sprejemljiv namen:
nadzor nad prenašalci bolezni v
skladu z II. delom te priloge
Posebna izjema:
proizvodnja dikofola
vmesni produkt
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Opombe:
i) Razen če ni v tej konvenciji drugače določeno, se kemikalija, ki se nenamerno pojavlja kot onesnaževalo v sledeh v proizvodih in predmetih, ne šteje kot kemikalija na seznamu v tej prilogi.
ii) Ta opomba se ne šteje kot sprejemljiv namen v zvezi s proizvodnjo in uporabo ali kot posebna izjema za namene drugega odstavka 3. člena. Kemikalija, ki se pojavlja kot sestavni deli predmetov, ki so bili izdelani ali so se uporabljali pred začetkom veljavnosti ustrezne obveznosti v zvezi s to kemikalijo, se ne šteje kot kemikalija na seznamu v tej prilogi, če je pogodbenica uradno obvestila Sekretariat, da se določena vrsta predmeta še naprej uporablja v tej pogodbenici. Sekretariat omogoči, da je tako obvestilo na voljo javnosti.
iii) Ta opomba se ne šteje kot posebna izjema v zvezi s proizvodnjo in uporabo za namene drugega odstavka 3. člena. Glede na to, da ni pričakovati, da bi večje količine kemikalije prišle v stik z ljudmi in okoljem med proizvodnjo in uporabo vmesnega produkta v zaprtem sistemu, ki je omejen na lokacijo, sme pogodbenica po obvestilu Sekretariata dovoliti proizvodnjo in uporabo količin kemikalije na seznamu te priloge kot vmesnega produkta v zaprtem sistemu, ki je omejena na lokacijo in se kemično transformira pri proizvodnji drugih kemikalij, ki ob upoštevanju meril prvega odstavka Priloge D ne kažejo značilnosti obstojnih organskih onesnaževal. V uradnem obvestilu je treba navesti informacije o skupni proizvodnji in uporabi take kemikalije ali razumno oceno obsega skupne proizvodnje in uporabe ter informacije o vrsti postopka v zaprtem sistemu, ki je omejen na lokacijo, vključno z obsegom onesnaženja končnega proizvoda z netransformirano vhodno kemikalijo – obstojnim organskim onesnaževalom ter z obsegom nenamernega onesnaženja v sledeh. Omenjeni postopek se uporablja, razen če ni v tej prilogi drugače določeno. Sekretariat omogoči, da so taka uradna obvestila na voljo Konferenci pogodbenic in javnosti. Taka proizvodnja ali uporaba se ne šteje kot posebna izjema v zvezi s proizvodnjo ali uporabo. Taka proizvodnja in uporaba morata prenehati v desetih letih, razen če prizadeta pogodbenica Sekretariatu ne pošlje novega uradnega obvestila; v tem primeru se desetletno obdobje podaljša za dodatnih deset let, razen če Konferenca pogodbenic po pregledu proizvodnje in uporabe ne odloči drugače. Postopek uradnega obveščanja je mogoče ponoviti.
iv) Vse posebne izjeme v tej prilogi lahko uporabljajo pogodbenice, ki so zase registrirale izjeme v skladu s 4. členom.
II. del: DDT (1,1,1-trikloro-2,2-bis(4-klorofenil)etan)
1. Odpravita se proizvodnja in uporaba DDT-ja, razen za pogodbenice, ki so uradno obvestile Sekretariat o svoji nameri, da bodo proizvajale in/ali uporabljale DDT. S tem se uvede register za DDT, ki je na voljo javnosti. Sekretariat vodi register za DDT.
2. Vsaka pogodbenica, ki proizvaja in/ali uporablja DDT, mora omejiti tako proizvodnjo in/ali uporabo zaradi nadzora nad prenašalci bolezni v skladu s priporočili Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije in smernicami za uporabo DDT-ja ter kadar pogodbenici niso na voljo varna, učinkovita in cenovno dostopna druga sredstva.
3. Če pogodbenica, ki ni vpisana v register za DDT, ugotovi, da potrebuje DDT za nadzor nad prenašalci bolezni, o tem čim prej obvesti Sekretariat, da bi se njeno ime dodalo v register za DDT. Obenem obvesti Svetovno zdravstveno organizacijo.
4. Pogodbenica, ki uporablja DDT, vsaka tri leta pošlje Sekretariatu in Svetovni zdravstveni organizaciji informacije o uporabljeni količini, pogojih uporabe in o pomenu snovi za pogodbeničino strategijo obvladovanja bolezni v obliki, ki jo predpiše Konferenca pogodbenic po posvetu s Svetovno zdravstveno organizacijo.
5. Zaradi zmanjšanja in končne odprave uporabe DDT-ja Konferenca pogodbenic spodbuja:
(a) vsako pogodbenico, ki uporablja DDT, naj oblikuje in izvaja akcijski načrt kot del izvedbenega načrta, opisanega v 7. členu. Akcijski načrt vsebuje:
(i) oblikovanje ureditvenih in drugih mehanizmov, s katerimi se zagotovi, da je uporaba DDT-ja omejena na nadzor nad prenašalci bolezni;
(ii) uporabo ustreznih alternativnih proizvodov, metod in strategij, vključno s strategijami za obvladovanje odpornosti, s katerimi se zagotovi nadaljnja učinkovitost teh alternativ;
(iii) ukrepe za krepitev zdravstvenega varstva in zmanjšanje pojavljanja bolezni.
(b) pogodbenice, da v okviru svojih zmožnosti spodbujajo raziskave in razvoj varnih alternativnih kemičnih in nekemičnih proizvodov, metod in strategij za pogodbenice, ki uporabljajo DDT, kar mora ustrezati razmeram v teh državah in pri čemer se mora upoštevati cilj zmanjšanja zdravstvene in finančne obremenitve, ki jo povzroča bolezen. Pri izbiri alternativ ali kombinacij alternativ je treba predvsem upoštevati te dejavnike: tveganje za zdravje ljudi in učinke na okolje, ki jih povzročajo take alternative. Alternative, dejansko primerne za uporabo namesto DDT-ja, morajo pomeniti manjše tveganje za zdravje ljudi in za okolje, biti primerne za nadzor nad boleznijo v razmerah, ki so v prizadetih državah, ter morajo biti podprte s podatki, pridobljenimi z monitoringom.
6. Na svojem prvem zasedanju in vsaj vsaka tri leta mora Konferenca pogodbenic v posvetovanju s Svetovno zdravstveno organizacijo oceniti nadaljnjo potrebo po DDT-ju kot sredstvu za nadzor nad prenašalci bolezni na podlagi razpoložljivih znanstvenih, strokovnih, okoljskih in gospodarskih informacij, vključno z informacijami o:
(a) proizvodnji in uporabi DDT-ja ter na podlagi pogojev, navedenih v drugem odstavku;
(b) razpoložljivosti, primernosti in načinu izvajanja oziroma uporabe alternativ za DDT ter
(c) napredku pri povečevanju zmožnosti držav, da varno preidejo na široko uporabo takih alternativ.
7. Vsaka pogodbenica lahko kadar koli umakne svoje ime iz registra za DDT s pisnim obvestilom Sekretariatu. Umik začne veljati na datum, določen v obvestilu.
Priloga C
NENAMERNO NASTAJANJE
I. del: Obstojna organska onesnaževala, za katera veljajo zahteve 5. člena
Določbe te priloge se uporabljajo za naslednja obstojna organska onesnaževala, ki nastajajo in se sproščajo nenamerno iz antropogenih virov:
-------------------------------------------------------------
Kemikalija
-------------------------------------------------------------
poliklorirani dibenzo-p-dioksini in dibenzofurani (PCDD/PCDF)
heksaklorobenzen (HCB) (CAS št.: 118-74-1)
poliklorirani bifenili (PCB)
-------------------------------------------------------------
II. del: Vrste virov
Poliklorirani dibenzo-p-dioksini in dibenzofurani, heksaklorobenzen in poliklorirani bifenili nenamerno nastajajo in se sproščajo zaradi nepopolnega zgorevanja ali zaradi kemičnih reakcij pri termičnih procesih, v katere so vključeni organske snovi in klor. Navedene vrste industrijskih virov lahko tvorijo sorazmerno velike količine teh kemikalij in jih sproščajo v okolje:
(a) sežigalnice odpadkov, vključno s sočasnim sežigom komunalnih, nevarnih ali medicinskih odpadkov ali usedlin komunalnih odplak;
(b) peči v cementarnah, v katerih se sežigajo nevarni odpadki;
(c) proizvodnja papirne kaše ob uporabi elementarnega klora ali kemikalij, iz katerih se sprošča elementarni klor za beljenje;
(d) naslednji termični procesi v metalurgiji:
(i) sekundarna proizvodnja bakra;
(ii) peči za sintranje v železarstvu in jeklarstvu;
(iii) sekundarna proizvodnja aluminija;
(iv) sekundarna proizvodnja cinka.
III. del: Vrste virov
Poliklorirani dibenzo-p-dioksini in dibenzofurani, heksaklorobenzen in poliklorirani bifenili lahko nenamerno nastajajo in se sproščajo pri naslednjih vrstah virov, med katere spadajo tudi:
(a) sežiganje odpadkov na prostem, vključno s sežiganjem na odlagališčih;
(b) termični procesi v metalurgiji, ki niso omenjeni v II. delu;
(c) drobna kurišča;
(d) grelne naprave v gospodinjstvih in industriji, v katerih zgoreva fosilno gorivo;
(e) peči, v katerih se kuri z lesom in drugimi gorivi iz biomase;
(f) posebni kemični procesi, pri katerih nenamerno nastajajo obstojna organska onesnaževala, zlasti proizvodnja klorofenolov in kloranila;
(g) krematoriji;
(h) motorna vozila, zlasti tista, pri katerih se za pogon uporablja osvinčeni bencin;
(i) uničevanje živalskih trupel;
(j) barvanje tekstila in usnja (s kloranilom) ter finiširanje (bazna ekstrakcija);
(k) obrati z drobilniki za izrabljena vozila;
(l) vulkaniziranje bakrenih kablov;
(m) rafinerije odpadnega olja.
IV. del: Opredelitev pojmov
1. V tej prilogi:
(a) "poliklorirani bifenili" pomenijo aromatske spojine, ki nastanejo tako, da vodikove atome v molekuli bifenila (dva benzenova obroča, ki ju veže enojna vez ogljik-ogljik) nadomesti do deset atomov klora, ter
(b) "poliklorirani dibenzo-p-dioksini" pomenijo triciklične aromatske spojine, sestavljene iz dveh obročev benzena, ki ju povezujeta dva atoma kisika, in iz vodikovih atomov, ki jih lahko nadomesti do osem atomov klora. "Poliklorirani dibenzofurani" pomenijo triciklične aromatske spojine, sestavljene iz dveh obročev benzena, ki ju povezujeta en atom kisika in ena vez ogljik-ogljik, ter iz vodikovih atomov, ki jih lahko nadomesti do osem atomov klora.
2. V tej prilogi je strupenost polikloriranih dibenzo-p-dioksinov in dibenzofuranov izražena s pojmom toksične ekvivalentnosti, ki je mera za relativno toksično aktivnost raznih sorodnih snovi iz skupine polikloriranih dibenzo-p-dioksinov in dibenzofuranov ter koplanarnih polikloriranih bifenilov v primerjavi s toksično aktivnostjo 2,3,7,8-tetraklorodibenzo-p-dioksina. Vrednosti faktorjev toksične ekvivalentnosti, ki se uporabljajo za namene te konvencije, so skladne s sprejetimi mednarodnimi standardi, vključno z vrednostmi faktorjev toksične ekvivalentnosti za sesalce Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije iz leta 1998 za poliklorirane dibenzo-p-dioksine in dibenzofurane ter koplanarne poliklorirane bifenile. Koncentracije so izražene v toksičnih ekvivalentih.
V. del: Splošna navodila o najboljših razpoložljivih tehnikah in najboljših okoljskih praksah
V tem delu so splošna navodila pogodbenicam za preprečevanje ali zmanjšanje izpustov kemikalij, uvrščenih na seznam v I. delu.
A. Splošni ukrepi za preprečevanje, ki se nanašajo na najboljše razpoložljive tehnike in najboljše okoljske prakse
Prednostno se obravnavajo pristopi za preprečevanje nastajanja in sproščanja kemikalij, uvrščenih na seznam v I. delu. Koristni ukrepi lahko vključujejo:
(a) uporabo tehnologije, pri kateri nastaja malo odpadkov;
(b) uporabo manj nevarnih snovi;
(c) spodbujanje predelave in recikliranja odpadkov in snovi, ki nastajajo in se uporabljajo v procesu;
(d) nadomeščanje vhodnih snovi, ki so obstojna organska onesnaževala, ali vhodnih snovi, pri katerih obstaja neposredna povezava med snovmi in izpustom obstojnih organskih onesnaževal iz vira;
(e) dobro gospodarjenje in programe preventivnega vzdrževanja;
(f) izboljšave pri ravnanju z odpadki, katerih namen je prenehanje sežiganja odpadkov na prostem in drugih nenadzorovanih načinov sežiganja, vključno s sežiganjem na odlagališčih. Pri obravnavi predlogov za gradnjo novih objektov za odstranjevanje odpadkov je treba pretehtati alternative, kot so dejavnosti za zmanjšanje nastajanja komunalnih in medicinskih odpadkov, vključno s predelavo virov, ponovno uporabo, recikliranjem, ločevanjem odpadkov in z zavzemanjem za proizvode, ki ustvarjajo manj odpadkov. Pri tem pristopu je treba skrbno proučiti vprašanje javnega zdravja;
(g) zmanjšanje teh kemikalij kot onesnaževal v proizvodih na najmanjšo možno mero;
(h) izogibanje elementarnemu kloru ali kemikalijam, pri katerih se sprošča elementarni klor za beljenje.
B. Najboljše razpoložljive tehnike
Koncept najboljših razpoložljivih tehnik ni namenjen predpisovanju kake posebne tehnike ali tehnologije, temveč upoštevanju tehničnih značilnosti objekta oziroma naprave, njene geografske lokacije in razmer v lokalnem okolju. Ustrezne tehnike nadzora za zmanjšanje izpustov kemikalij, uvrščenih na seznam v I. delu, so v glavnem enake. Pri določanju najboljših razpoložljivih tehnik je treba na splošno in v posamičnih primerih posebej pretehtati naslednje dejavnike ter pri tem upoštevati verjetne stroške in koristi ukrepa ter načelo previdnosti in preprečevanja:
(a) Splošni dejavniki:
(i) vrsta, učinki in količina izpustov: tehnike se lahko razlikujejo glede na velikost vira;
(ii) datum začetka obratovanja bodočih ali obstoječi objektov;
(iii) čas, potreben za uvedbo najboljše razpoložljive tehnike;
(iv) poraba in vrsta surovin, ki se uporabijo v procesu, ter energetska učinkovitost procesa;
(v) potreba po preprečevanju ali zmanjšanju celotnega vpliva izpustov na okolje in nevarnosti za okolje najmanjšo možno mero;
(vi) potreba po preprečevanju nesreč in zmanjšanju njihovih posledic za okolje;
(vii) potreba po zagotavljanju zdravja in varstva pri delu;
(viii) primerljivi postopki, objekti ali metode obratovanja, ki so bili uspešno preizkušeni v industrijskem obsegu;
(ix) tehnološki napredek in spremembe v znanstvenih dognanjih.
(b) Splošni ukrepi za zmanjšanje izpustov: pri obravnavi predlogov za gradnjo novih objektov ali za večje spremembe obstoječih objektov, v katerih se uporabljajo postopki, pri katerih se sproščajo kemikalije, uvrščene na seznama v tej prilogi, je treba predvsem pretehtati alternativne procese, tehnike ali prakse, ki so podobno koristne, vendar pri njih ne nastajajo in se ne sproščajo take kemikalije. Ob graditvi ali večji spremembi takih objektov bi se lahko pri ugotavljanju najboljših razpoložljivih tehnik poleg preventivnih ukrepov iz oddelka A V. dela upoštevali še ti ukrepi za zmanjšanje izpustov:
(i) uporaba izboljšanih metod za čiščenje dimnih plinov, na primer termična ali katalitska oksidacija, odpraševanje ali adsorpcija;
(ii) obdelava preostankov, odpadne vode, odpadkov in odpadnega blata s postopki, kot je na primer termična obdelava, ali postopki, pri katerih ti postanejo inertni, ali s kemičnimi procesi, ki jih razstrupljajo;
(iii) sprememba procesov, s katerimi se doseže zmanjšanje ali odprava izpustov, na primer prenos v zaprte sisteme;
(iv) sprememba zasnove procesov, s čimer se z nadzorom nad parametri, kot je temperatura sežiganja ali rezidenčni čas, izboljša zgorevanje in prepreči nastajanje kemikalij, uvrščenih na seznam v tej prilogi.
C. Najboljše okoljske prakse
Konferenca pogodbenic lahko oblikuje navodila v zvezi z najboljšimi okoljskimi praksami.
Priloga D
ZAHTEVE GLEDE INFORMACIJ
IN MERILA ZA PREGLED
1. Pogodbenica, ki predlaga uvrstitev kemikalije na seznam Priloge A, B in/ali C, identificira kemikalijo, tako kot je opisano v pododstavku (a), ter kadar je to ustrezno, navede podatke o kemikaliji in produktih transformacije te kemikalije po merilih za pregled iz pododstavkov (b) do (e):
(a) kemijska identiteta:
(i) imena, vključno s trgovskim imenom ali imeni, tržnim imenom ali imeni in sinonimi, registrska številka po mednarodnem seznamu odkritih kemičnih snovi (CAS), ime po seznamu Mednarodne zveze za čisto in uporabno kemijo (IUPAC) ter
(ii) struktura, vključno z navedbo izomer, kadar je to ustrezno, ter struktura kemijskega razreda;
(b) obstojnost:
(i) dokazi, da je razpolovna doba kemikalije v vodi daljša od dveh mesecev ali da je razpolovna doba v prsti daljša od šestih mesecev ali da je razpolovna doba v usedlini daljša od šestih mesecev, ali
(ii) dokazi, da je kemikalija drugače dovolj obstojna, kar upravičuje njeno obravnavo po tej konvenciji;
(c) bioakumulacija:
(i) dokazi, da je faktor biokoncentracije ali faktor bioakumulacije kemikalije v vodnih vrstah večji od 5.000, ali če ti podatki niso na voljo, da je log Kow večji od 5;
(ii) dokazi, da kemikalija vzbuja skrb zaradi drugih razlogov, na primer zaradi visoke biokumulacije v drugih vrstah, zaradi velike strupenosti ali ekotoksičnosti, ali
(iii) podatki monitoringa iz živalstva in rastlinstva, ki kažejo, da je bioakumulacijski potencial kemikalije dovolj velik, da je obravnava take kemikalije po tej konvenciji upravičena;
(d) zmožnost za prenos v okolju na velike razdalje:
(i) skrb vzbujajoče visoke izmerjene vrednosti kemikalije na lokacijah daleč stran od vira izpusta kemikalije;
(ii) podatki monitoringa, ki kažejo, da se je lahko zgodil prenos kemikalije v okolju na velike razdalje po zraku, vodi ali s selitveno živalsko vrsto, z možnostjo za prehod v sprejemno okolje ali
(iii) lastnosti, ki vplivajo na usodo kemikalije v okolju, in/ali rezultati modela, ki kažejo, da ima kemikalija zmožnost za prenos v okolju na velike razdalje po zraku, vodi ali s selitveno živalsko vrsto, z možnostjo za prehod v sprejemno okolje daleč stran od virov izpusta kemikalije. Razpolovna življenjska doba kemikalije v zraku, ki močno migrira po zraku, mora biti večja kot dva dni in
(e) škodljivi učinki:
(i) dokazi o škodljivih učinkih na zdravje ljudi ali na okolje, ki upravičujejo obravnavo kemikalije po tej konvenciji, ali
(ii) podatki o strupenosti ali ekotoksičnosti, ki nakazujejo zmožnost škodovanja zdravju ljudi ali okolju.
2. Pogodbenica predlagateljica, ki predlaga uvrstitev kemikalije na seznam, predloži izjavo z razlogi za zaskrbljenost glede kemikalije, v katero vključi, če je to mogoče, primerjavo podatkov o strupenosti ali ekotoksičnosti z izmerjenimi ali predvidenimi vrednostmi kemikalije, ki se pojavijo ali se predvidevajo zaradi prenosa v okolju na velike razdalje, ter predloži kratko izjavo o potrebi po globalnem nadzoru.
3. Pogodbenica predlagateljica glede na možnosti in svoje sposobnosti predloži dodatne informacije, ki podpirajo proučitev predloga iz šestega odstavka 8. člena. Pri oblikovanju predloga sme pogodbenica črpati strokovne podatke iz katerega koli vira.
Priloga E
ZAHTEVE GLEDE INFORMACIJ ZA OPIS TVEGANJA
Namen pregleda je oceniti, ali je verjetno, da bo kemikalija zaradi prenosa v okolju na velike razdalje povzročila pomembnejše škodljive učinke na zdravje ljudi in/ali okolje, tako da bi bilo upravičeno globalno delovanje. V ta namen je treba pripraviti opis tveganja, ki mora zajemati natančnejše informacije iz Priloge D in oceno le-teh ter mora, če je mogoče, vsebovati naslednje vrste informacij:
(a) vire, vključujoč, kot je to ustrezno:
(i) podatke o proizvodnji, vključno s količino in lokacijo;
(ii) načine uporabe in
(iii) sproščanje, na primer izpusti, izgube in emisije;
(b) oceno nevarnih lastnosti za ciljni učinek ali ciljne učinke, ki vzbujajo skrb, vključno z upoštevanjem toksikoloških interakcij, pri katerih nastopa več kemikalij;
(c) usodo v okolju, vključno s podatki in informacijami o kemičnih in fizikalnih lastnostih kemikalije, njeni obstojnosti ter o tem, kako so lastnosti kemikalije povezane z njenim prenosom znotraj segmentov okolja in med njimi, z degradacijo in s transformacijo v druge kemikalije. Navesti je treba ugotovljeno vrednost faktorja biokoncentracije ali faktorja bioakumulacije, razen če se oceni, da za to zadoščajo podatki monitoringa;
(d) podatke monitoringa;
(e) izpostavljenost na lokalnih območjih in še zlasti izpostavljenost zaradi prenosa v okolju na velike razdalje, vključno z informacijami o biološki raznovrstnosti;
(f) vrednotenje tveganja, ocene tveganja ali opise tveganja na državni in mednarodni ravni ter informacije o označevanju in razvrstitvi nevarnosti, ki so na voljo, ter
(g) status kemikalije po mednarodnih konvencijah.
Priloga F
INFORMACIJE O SOCIALNO-EKONOMSKIH VIDIKIH
Pripraviti je treba oceno v zvezi z možnimi ukrepi za nadzor nad kemikalijami, obravnavanimi zaradi možne vključitve v to konvencijo, ki mora zajemati najrazličnejše možnosti, tudi upravljanje in odpravo. V ta namen je treba priskrbeti ustrezne informacije v zvezi s socialno-ekonomskimi vidiki, ki so povezani z možnimi ukrepi za nadzor, kar Konferenci pogodbenic omogoča sprejemanje odločitev. V teh informacijah morajo biti upoštevani različne zmožnosti pogodbenic in njihove razmere ter naslednji okvirni seznam točk:
(a) zmogljivost in učinkovitost možnih ukrepov za nadzor pri doseganju ciljev zmanjšanja tveganja:
(i) tehnična izvedljivost ter
(ii) stroški, vključno z okoljskimi in zdravstvenimi stroški;
(b) alternative (proizvodi in procesi):
(i) tehnična izvedljivost;
(ii) stroški, vključno z okoljskimi in zdravstvenimi stroški;
(iii) zmogljivost in učinkovitost;
(iv) tveganje;
(v) razpoložljivost in
(vi) dostopnost;
(c) pozitivni in/ali negativni vplivi izvajanja možnih nadzornih ukrepov na družbo:
(i) zdravje, vključno z javnim zdravjem, zdravstveno ekologijo in zdravjem pri delu;
(ii) kmetijstvo, vključno z akvakulturo in gozdarstvom;
(iii) rastlinstvo in živalstvo (biotska raznovrstnost);
(iv) gospodarski vidiki;
(v) gibanje v smeri trajnostnega razvoja in
(vi) socialni stroški;
(d) posledice nastajanja in odstranjevanja odpadkov (zlasti starih zalog pesticidov in čiščenja onesnaženih lokacij):
(i) tehnična izvedljivost in
(ii) stroški;
(e) dostop do informacij in izobraževanje javnosti;
(f) status zmogljivosti za nadzor in monitoring ter
(g) katere koli druge dejavnosti nadzora na državni ali regionalni ravni, vključno z informacijami o alternativah in drugimi pomembnimi informacijami o obvladovanju tveganja.
3. člen
V skladu s četrtim odstavkom 25. člena konvencije Republika Slovenija v svoji listini o ratifikaciji izjavlja:
"Sprememba Priloge A, B ali C začne za Republiko Slovenijo veljati šele po tem, ko deponira svojo listino o ratifikaciji spremembe ali pristopu k njej."
4. člen
Za izvajanje konvencije skrbi Ministrstvo za zdravje, Urad Republike Slovenije za kemikalije.
5. člen
Ta zakon začne veljati petnajsti dan po objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije – Mednarodne pogodbe.
Št. 801-11/04-4/1
Ljubljana, dne 27. februarja 2004
EPA 1097-III
Predsednik
Državnega zobra
Republike Slovenije
Borut Pahor l. r.
